firma

See also: Firma, fîrma, firmá, firmà, firmă, and firmą

Catalan

Verb

firma

1. inflection of firmar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Classical Nahuatl

Etymology

From Spanish firma.

Noun

fīrma

1. A signature.
   • 1586: testimony of Don Juan

     auh yn don diego de velasco ynic quineltilia huel ymatica quitlalia yn ifirma yhuã ytoca

     But to verify it don Diego de Velasco with his very own hand places here his signature and name.-

   • 1645: sale of house and land by Agustín de Santiago to Juan Gómez Monteagudo, Spaniard, and wife

     ypanpa nican nictlallia nofirma

     wherefore I set down here my signature

   • 1720: confirmation of the status of fields belonging to Santa Elena

     ca nican tictlalia yn tofirma

     Here we set down our signatures

References

• Lockhart, James (1991) Nahuas and Spaniards: Postconquest Central Mexican History and Philology, Stanford: Stanford University Press, pages 87, 100, 104

Crimean Tatar

Etymology

From Italian firma (“signature of a company”).

Noun

firma

1. firm (company)

   Synonym: şirket

Declension

Declension of firma

nominative	firma
genitive	firmanıñ
dative	firmağa
accusative	firmanı
locative	firmada
ablative	firmadan

References

• Mirjejev, V. A., Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎^[1], Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN

Czech

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian firma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈfɪrma]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

firma f

1. firm (business)

Declension

Declension of firma (hard feminine reducible)

	singular	plural
nominative	firma	firmy
genitive	firmy	firem
dative	firmě	firmám
accusative	firmu	firmy
vocative	firmo	firmy
locative	firmě	firmách
instrumental	firmou	firmami

Related terms

• firemní
• známá firma

See also

• korporace
• podnik
• společnost

Further reading

• “firma”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “firma”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Etymology

Via Italian firma, from Latin firmāre.

Noun

firma n (singular definite firmaet, plural indefinite firmaer)

1. (business) a company, a firm

   Synonym: forretning

Declension

Declension of firma

neuter gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	firma	firmaet	firmaer	firmaerne
genitive	firmas	firmaets	firmaers	firmaernes

Derived terms

• advokatfirma
• arkitektfirma
• edb-firma
• entreprenørfirma
• firmafest
• firmahold
• firmakultur
• firmalogo
• firmaskovtur
• handelsfirma
• ingeniørfirma
• konsulentfirma
• medicinalfirma
• tegne firmaet
• transportfirma

References

• “firma” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Etymology

From Italian firma.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

firma f (plural firma's, diminutive firmaatje n)

1. a large-scale company, a firm

Synonyms

• bedrijf, zaak, handelsonderneming

Descendants

• → Indonesian: firma

Esperanto

Etymology

From Latin firmus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfirma/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -irma
• Hyphenation: fir‧ma

Adjective

firma (accusative singular firman, plural firmaj, accusative plural firmajn)

1. firm (solid, fixed, or steadfast)

Estonian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

firma (genitive firma, partitive firmat)

1. (business) firm, company

   Synonym: ettevõte

Declension

Declension of firma (type pere)

	singular	plural
nominative	firma	firmad
genitive	firma	firmade
partitive	firmat	firmasid
illative	firmasse	firmadesse
inessive	firmas	firmades
elative	firmast	firmadest
allative	firmale	firmadele
adessive	firmal	firmadel
ablative	firmalt	firmadelt
translative	firmaks	firmadeks
terminative	firmani	firmadeni
essive	firmana	firmadena
abessive	firmata	firmadeta
comitative	firmaga	firmadega

Further reading

• “firma”, in [PSV] Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik [Dictionary of Estonian Basic Vocabulary] (in Estonian) (online version, not updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2014
• “firma”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
• “firma”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
• firma in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

Finnish

Etymology

From German Firma, from Italian firma (“signature”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfirmɑ/, [ˈfirmɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -irmɑ
• Syllabification^(key): fir‧ma
• Hyphenation^(key): fir‧ma

Noun

firma

1. (informal) firm, company, business

   Synonyms: yhtiö, yritys

2. (military slang) the Finnish Defense Forces

Declension

Inflection of firma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative		firma	firmat
genitive		firman	firmojen
partitive		firmaa	firmoja
illative		firmaan	firmoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		firma	firmat
accusative	nom.	firma	firmat
	gen.	firman
genitive		firman	firmojen firmain rare
partitive		firmaa	firmoja
inessive		firmassa	firmoissa
elative		firmasta	firmoista
illative		firmaan	firmoihin
adessive		firmalla	firmoilla
ablative		firmalta	firmoilta
allative		firmalle	firmoille
essive		firmana	firmoina
translative		firmaksi	firmoiksi
abessive		firmatta	firmoitta
instructive		—	firmoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of firma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative firmani firmani accusative nom. firmani firmani gen. firmani genitive firmani firmojeni firmaini rare partitive firmaani firmojani inessive firmassani firmoissani elative firmastani firmoistani illative firmaani firmoihini adessive firmallani firmoillani ablative firmaltani firmoiltani allative firmalleni firmoilleni essive firmanani firmoinani translative firmakseni firmoikseni abessive firmattani firmoittani instructive — — comitative — firmoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative firmasi firmasi accusative nom. firmasi firmasi gen. firmasi genitive firmasi firmojesi firmaisi rare partitive firmaasi firmojasi inessive firmassasi firmoissasi elative firmastasi firmoistasi illative firmaasi firmoihisi adessive firmallasi firmoillasi ablative firmaltasi firmoiltasi allative firmallesi firmoillesi essive firmanasi firmoinasi translative firmaksesi firmoiksesi abessive firmattasi firmoittasi instructive — — comitative — firmoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative firmamme firmamme accusative nom. firmamme firmamme gen. firmamme genitive firmamme firmojemme firmaimme rare partitive firmaamme firmojamme inessive firmassamme firmoissamme elative firmastamme firmoistamme illative firmaamme firmoihimme adessive firmallamme firmoillamme ablative firmaltamme firmoiltamme allative firmallemme firmoillemme essive firmanamme firmoinamme translative firmaksemme firmoiksemme abessive firmattamme firmoittamme instructive — — comitative — firmoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative firmanne firmanne accusative nom. firmanne firmanne gen. firmanne genitive firmanne firmojenne firmainne rare partitive firmaanne firmojanne inessive firmassanne firmoissanne elative firmastanne firmoistanne illative firmaanne firmoihinne adessive firmallanne firmoillanne ablative firmaltanne firmoiltanne allative firmallenne firmoillenne essive firmananne firmoinanne translative firmaksenne firmoiksenne abessive firmattanne firmoittanne instructive — — comitative — firmoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative firmansa firmansa accusative nom. firmansa firmansa gen. firmansa genitive firmansa firmojensa firmainsa rare partitive firmaansa firmojaan firmojansa inessive firmassaan firmassansa firmoissaan firmoissansa elative firmastaan firmastansa firmoistaan firmoistansa illative firmaansa firmoihinsa adessive firmallaan firmallansa firmoillaan firmoillansa ablative firmaltaan firmaltansa firmoiltaan firmoiltansa allative firmalleen firmallensa firmoilleen firmoillensa essive firmanaan firmanansa firmoinaan firmoinansa translative firmakseen firmaksensa firmoikseen firmoiksensa abessive firmattaan firmattansa firmoittaan firmoittansa instructive — — comitative — firmoineen firmoinensa

Derived terms

compounds

• autotallifirma
• biofirma
• grynderifirma
• rakennusfirma
• reppufirma

Further reading

• “firma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

Anagrams

• farmi

Galician

Manuel Antonio's firma ("signature")

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfiɾma/ [ˈfiɾ.mɐ]
• Rhymes: -iɾma
• Hyphenation: fir‧ma

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese firma. Deverbal from firmar.

Noun

firma f (plural firmas)

1. signature

   Synonym: sinatura

2. firm, business

   Synonym: compañía

Related terms

• firmar

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “firma”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “firma”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “firma”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “firma”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “firma”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Etymology 2

Verb

firma

1. inflection of firmar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese firmar-se.

Verb

firma

1. to stand

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch firma, from Italian firma, from Latin firmāre, from firmus, from Proto-Italic *fermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”). Doublet of darma and derma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈfɪrma]
• Hyphenation: fir‧ma

Noun

firma (plural firma-firma)

1. (business) firm, general partnership

Further reading

• “firma” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Italian

Etymology 1

Back-formation from firmare, from Latin firmāre, from firmus; cognates include English firm (adjective). Doublet of dharma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfir.ma/
• Rhymes: -irma
• Hyphenation: fìr‧ma

Noun

firma f (plural firme)

1. signature (a person's name, written by that person, used as identification or to signify approval of accompanying material, such as a legal contract)
2. signature (an act of signing one's name)

Descendants

• → Bulgarian: фи́рма (fírma)
• → Crimean Tatar: firma
• → Czech: firma
• → Danish: firma
• → Dutch: firma
  • → Indonesian: firma
• → English: firm (noun)
• → Finnish: firma
• → Georgian: ფირმა (pirma)
• → German: Firma
  • → Romanian: firmă
  • → Turkish: firma
• → Macedonian: фирма (firma)
• → Northern Kurdish: fîrma
• → Norwegian:
  • Norwegian Bokmål: firma
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: firma
• → Polish: firma
• → Portuguese: firma
• → Russian: фи́рма (fírma)
• → Serbo-Croatian:
  • Latin: fȋrma
  • Cyrillic: фи̑рма
• → Swedish: firma

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

firma

1. inflection of firmare:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

• firma in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Anagrams

• farmi

Latin

Etymology 1

There is debate as to whether Medieval Latin acquired this term from Old English feorm (“rent, provision, supplies, feast”), from Proto-Germanic *fermō, *firhuma- (“means of living, subsistence”), from Proto-Germanic *ferhwō (“life force, body, being”), from Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ- (“life, force, strength, tree”), or from Latin firmus (“solid, secure”), from Proto-Italic *fermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”). If the former etymology is correct, the term is related to Old English feorh (“life, spirit”), Icelandic fjör (“life, vitality, vigour, animation”), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍈𐌿𐍃 (fairƕus, “the world”). Compare also Old English feormehām (“farm”), feormere (“purveyor”).

Alternative forms

• ferma

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈfɪr.ma]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈfir.mä]

Noun

firma f (genitive firmae); first declension (Medieval Latin)

1. tax, tribute
2. rent
3. farm

Declension

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	firma	firmae
genitive	firmae	firmārum
dative	firmae	firmīs
accusative	firmam	firmās
ablative	firmā	firmīs
vocative	firma	firmae

Derived terms

• firma burgi

Descendants

• Old French: ferme
  • Middle French: ferme
    • French: ferme
      • → Romanian: fermă
  • → Middle English: ferme, farme, ferm, fyrme (Late Middle English), feorme, veorme (Early Middle English) (in part)
    • English: farm, (historical) feorm
      • Hawaiian Creole: farm
      • → Danish: farm
      • → Dutch: farm
      • → Finnish: farmi
      • → German: Farm
      • → Portuguese: farme, farma
      • → Yiddish: פֿאַרם (farm)
      • → Spanish: farmear
      • → Swedish: farm
      • → Thai: ฟาร์ม (faam)
    • Scots: ferm
    • → Welsh: fferm
• Occitan: ferma

References

• "firma", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to enjoy good health: bona (firma, prospera) valetudine esse or uti (vid. sect. VI. 8., note uti...)
    
  • a good constitution: firma corporis constitutio or affectio
    

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• firma: (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈfɪr.ma]
• firma: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈfir.mä]
• firmā: (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈfɪr.maː]
• firmā: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈfir.mä]

Adjective

firma

1. inflection of firmus:
   1. feminine nominative/vocative singular
   2. neuter nominative/accusative/vocative plural

Adjective

firmā

1. ablative feminine singular of firmus

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin firmāre, via Italian firma.

Noun

firma n (definite singular firmaet, indefinite plural firma or firmaer, definite plural firmaene)

1. a company (business), a firm

Synonyms

• selskap

Derived terms

• advokatfirma
• firmabil

References

• “firma” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “firma” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin firmāre, via Italian firma.

Noun

firma n (definite singular firmaet, indefinite plural firma, definite plural firmaa)

1. a company (business), a firm

Synonyms

• selskap

Derived terms

• advokatfirma
• firmabil

References

• “firma” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian firma, from Latin firmāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfir.ma/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -irma
• Syllabification: fir‧ma

Noun

firma f

1. company (in legal context, a corporation)

Declension

Declension of firma

	singular	plural
nominative	firma	firmy
genitive	firmy	firm
dative	firmie	firmom
accusative	firmę	firmy
instrumental	firmą	firmami
locative	firmie	firmach
vocative	firmo	firmy

Derived terms

adjective

• firmowy

Further reading

• firma in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• firma in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈfiʁ.mɐ/ [ˈfiɦ.mɐ]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈfiʁ.mɐ/ [ˈfiɦ.mɐ]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ˈfiɾ.mɐ/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈfiʁ.mɐ/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈfiɻ.ma/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈfiɾ.mɐ/

• Rhymes: (Portugal, São Paulo) -iɾmɐ, (most of Brazil) -iʁmɐ, (Southern Brazil) -iɻma
• Hyphenation: fir‧ma

Etymology 1

From Italian firma (“signature”), from Latin firmāre (“to make firm, strengthen, fortify”).

Noun

firma f (plural firmas)

1. company

   Synonyms: empresa, companhia

2. (law) signature

   Synonyms: assinatura, rubrica

Related terms

• firmar
• confirmar

Etymology 2

Verb

firma

1. inflection of firmar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Romanian

Noun

firma f

1. definite nominative/accusative singular of firmă

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian firma (“signature”), from Latin firmāre (“to make firm, strengthen, fortify”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fîːrma/
• Hyphenation: fir‧ma

Noun

fȋrma f (Cyrillic spelling фи̑рма)

1. firm, company

   Synonyms: poduzéće, preduzéće; kompànija; tvȑtka

Declension

Declension of firma

	singular	plural
nominative	firma	firme
genitive	firme	firmi
dative	firmi	firmama
accusative	firmu	firme
vocative	firmo	firme
locative	firmi	firmama
instrumental	firmom	firmama

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfiɾma/ [ˈfiɾ.ma]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iɾma
• Syllabification: fir‧ma

Etymology 1

Deverbal from firmar (“to sign”).

Noun

firma f (plural firmas)

1. signature
2. seal
3. (business) company

   Synonym: empresa

Derived terms

• antefirma
• biofirma
• firma digital

Descendants

• → Bikol Central: pirma
• → Classical Nahuatl: fīrma
• → Tagalog: pirma
• → Yogad: firma
• → Zoogocho Zapotec: firm

See also

• autógrafo
• rúbrica

Etymology 2

Verb

firma

1. inflection of firmar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “firma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

Swedish

Etymology

From Italian firma.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

firma c

1. a firm, a company

Declension

Declension of firma

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	firma	firmas
	definite	firman	firmans
plural	indefinite	firmor	firmors
	definite	firmorna	firmornas

Derived terms

• enskild firma

Turkish

Etymology

From German firma.

Noun

firma (definite accusative firmayı, plural firmalar)

1. firm

Declension

Declension of firma

	singular	plural
nominative	firma	firmalar
definite accusative	firmayı	firmaları
dative	firmaya	firmalara
locative	firmada	firmalarda
ablative	firmadan	firmalardan
genitive	firmanın	firmaların

Yogad

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish firma.

Noun

firma

1. signature