hirm

See also: Hirm

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hirmu. Cognate with Finnish hirmu, Votic irmu, Ingrian hirmu, Karelian hirmu and Livonian irm.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhirm/, [ˈ(h)irm]
• Rhymes: -irm
• Hyphenation: hirm

Noun

hirm (genitive hirmu, partitive hirmu)

1. fear, fright; terror; horror; anxiety; dread
   1. A state of agitation caused by a distinctively perceptible danger (with genitive case + ees; elative case; genitive case + pärast; partitive case + verb).

      Naine tundis kohutavat hirmu vananemise ees.

      The woman was terribly afraid of ageing.

      (literally, “The woman felt terrible fear in front of ageing.”)

      Hirm töökohta kaotada on suur.

      The fear of losing my job is big.

   2. A frightening creature or thing.

      See koer on meie tänava hirm.

      Everyone on our street is terrified of that dog.

      (literally, “That dog is the fear of our street.”)

      1. Tyranny, reign of terror.

         Pätikamp hoidis tervet küla hirmu all.

         The gang of thugs was holding the whole village under their tyranny.

Declension

Declension of hirm (ÕS type 22e/riik, length gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		hirm	hirmud
accusative	nom.
	gen.	hirmu
genitive			hirmude
partitive		hirmu	hirme hirmusid
illative		hirmu hirmusse	hirmudesse hirmesse
inessive		hirmus	hirmudes hirmes
elative		hirmust	hirmudest hirmest
allative		hirmule	hirmudele hirmele
adessive		hirmul	hirmudel hirmel
ablative		hirmult	hirmudelt hirmelt
translative		hirmuks	hirmudeks hirmeks
terminative		hirmuni	hirmudeni
essive		hirmuna	hirmudena
abessive		hirmuta	hirmudeta
comitative		hirmuga	hirmudega

Synonyms

• (state of agitation): hirmutunne

Derived terms

Derived terms

• hirmujudin
• hirmukile
• hirmukil
• hirmuma
  • hirmunult

• hirmus
  • hirmsasti
• hirmutama
  • hernehirmutis
  • hirmutaja
  • hirmutamine
  • hirmutis
  • hirmutus

• hirmutunne
• hirmuvalitseja
• hirmuäratav
• kabuhirm
• põrguhirm

• surmahirm

References

• “hirm”, in [PSV] Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik [Dictionary of Estonian Basic Vocabulary] (in Estonian) (online version, not updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2014
• “hirm”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
• “hirm”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
• hirm in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)