horreo

See also: hórreo

Latin edit

FWOTD – 9 July 2013

Etymology edit

From Proto-Italic *horzēō, from earlier *xorzējō (to differentiate it from a later form *horzēō if the shift */x/ > */h/ in the Italic languages already happened during late Proto-Italic), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰr̥s-éh₁-(ye)-ti, from *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”).

Cognate with hīrtus, eris (“hedgehog”), Welsh garw (“rough”), Sanskrit हृष्यति (hṛṣyati, “become erect or stiff or rigid; be glad”), हर्षयति (harṣayati, “to excite”), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀 (zar^əšiiamna, “excited”).

Pronunciation edit

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈhor.re.oː/, [ˈhɔrːeoː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈor.re.o/, [ˈɔrːeo]

Verb edit

horreō (present infinitive horrēre, perfect active horruī); second conjugation, no supine stem, limited passive

to stand erect, stand on end
to tremble, shiver
- 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.19–20:
  horrueram tacitōque animum pallōre fatēbar;
  tum dea, quōs fēcit, sustulit ipsa metūs
  I had trembled, and by my speechless pallor was betraying my emotion; then the goddess – she who caused it [to happen] – removed [my] fears herself.
  (The poet, writing about the month of June, first encounters Juno (mythology).)
to dread, be afraid of
to be frightful

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of horreō (second conjugation, no supine stem, only third-person forms in passive)
indicative		singular			plural
indicative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	horreō	horrēs	horret	horrēmus	horrētis	horrent
	imperfect	horrēbam	horrēbās	horrēbat	horrēbāmus	horrēbātis	horrēbant
	future	horrēbō	horrēbis	horrēbit	horrēbimus	horrēbitis	horrēbunt
	perfect	horruī	horruistī	horruit	horruimus	horruistis	horruērunt, horruēre
	pluperfect	horrueram	horruerās	horruerat	horruerāmus	horruerātis	horruerant
	future perfect	horruerō	horrueris	horruerit	horruerimus	horrueritis	horruerint
passive	present	—	—	horrētur	—	—	horrentur
	imperfect	—	—	horrēbātur	—	—	horrēbantur
	future	—	—	horrēbitur	—	—	horrēbuntur
subjunctive		singular			plural
subjunctive		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	horream	horreās	horreat	horreāmus	horreātis	horreant
	imperfect	horrērem	horrērēs	horrēret	horrērēmus	horrērētis	horrērent
	perfect	horruerim	horruerīs	horruerit	horruerīmus	horruerītis	horruerint
	pluperfect	horruissem	horruissēs	horruisset	horruissēmus	horruissētis	horruissent
passive	present	—	—	horreātur	—	—	horreantur
passive	imperfect	—	—	horrērētur	—	—	horrērentur
imperative		singular			plural
imperative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	horrē	—	—	horrēte	—
active	future	—	horrētō	horrētō	—	horrētōte	horrentō
non-finite forms		active			passive
non-finite forms		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		horrēre	horruisse	—	horrērī	—	—
participles		horrēns	—	—	—	—	horrendus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		horrendī	horrendō	horrendum	horrendō	—	—

Derived terms edit

Derived terms

Related terms edit

Descendants edit

Aromanian: urãscu, urãri
Romanian: urî
→ Albanian: urrej

Adjective edit

horreō

dative/ablative singular of horreum

References edit

“horreo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“horreo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
horreo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- his hair stands on end: capilli horrent
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 290