Other romanization schemes
Manuel de Codage
imn
Gardiner 1927
ꞽmn
Erman & Grapow 1926
ꞽmn
Lepsius 1874 (obsolete )
ȧmen
Compare Arabic ء م ن ( ʔ m n ) and Hebrew א־מ־ן ( ʾ-m-n ) .
3-lit.
( transitive or reflexive ) to hide , to conceal , to make secret (+ r : from (someone); + m : in (something))
( intransitive ) to hide , to be(come) hidden or secret
( intransitive , by extension) to be(come) rare or precious [Greco-Roman Period]
( transitive ) to create , form , shape (in a cosmic, divine sense) [Pyramid Texts and 18th Dynasty]
Often used with a following noun to mean ‘one who/which hides…’, ‘one with a hidden…’.
Conjugation of jmn (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: jmn , geminated stem: jmnn
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
jmn
jmnw , jmn
jmnt
jmn
jmn
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
jmn
ḥr jmn
m jmn
r jmn
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
jmn.n
jmnw , jmn
consecutive
jmn.jn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
terminative
jmnt
perfective 3
jmn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
obligative1
jmn.ḫr
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
imperfective
jmn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
prospective 3
jmn
jmnn
potentialis1
jmn.kꜣ
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
subjunctive
jmn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
jmn.n
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
—
—
perfective
jmn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
jmn
jmn , jmnw 5 , jmny 5
imperfective
jmn , jmny , jmnw 5
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
jmn , jmnj 6 , jmny 6
jmn , jmnw 5
prospective
jmn , jmntj 7
—
jmntj 4 , jmnt 4
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f /.fj , feminine .s /.sj , dual .sn /.snj , plural .sn .
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jmn
jmn
jmn
jmn
jmn
jmn
jmn
jmjn
[Old Kingdom]
[Old Kingdom and 18th Dynasty]
[Middle Kingdom]
[19th Dynasty]
[Late Period]
[Greco-Roman Period]
[Greco-Roman Period]
abbreviation
perfective active participle of jmn : hidden , secret , precious
1 Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.2 From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural. In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.
See under the verb above.
See under the verb above.
m
an epithet of various gods : hidden one, secret one
m
a priestly title : hidden one, secret one [Greco-Roman Period]
Relief carving, Medinet Habu, c. 1150 BC
m
Amun , a primeval god , personification of the hiddenness of the primeval waters , worshipped at Hermopolis as a member of the Ogdoad [since the Pyramid Texts]
Coordinate terms: jmnt , nnw , nnwt , kkw , kkwt , ḥḥw , ḥḥwt
Amun , a god worshipped at Thebes as a member of the Theban Triad, and seen as the king of the gods [since the Middle Kingdom]
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jmn
jmn
jmn
jmn
jmnw
jmn
jmn
jmn
[Greco-Roman Period]
[Greco-Roman Period]
[Greco-Roman Period]
Demotic: jmn
Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲟⲩⲛ ( amoun )
→ English: Amun
→ Ancient Greek: Ἀμοῦν ( Amoûn )
→ Ancient Greek: Ἄμμων ( Ámmōn )
→ Meroitic: 𐦠𐦨𐦩𐦢 ( amni /amani/ )
→ Middle Babylonian: [Term?] ( /amâna/ ) , [Term?] ( /amûnu/ )
m
a minor god in the form of a snake worshipped at Prosopis and Thebes [Theban Royal Tombs and Greco-Roman Period]
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jmn
jmn
jmjnj
[Greco-Roman Period]
From Proto-Afroasiatic *yamin- . Cognate with Proto-Semitic *yamīn- ( “ right ” ) .
right ( direction ) [Pyramid Texts]
Synonym: wnmj
western
This word was chiefly used in very old texts, and early on replaced by wnmj .
1 Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.2 From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural. In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jmn
m
right side [Pyramid Texts]
― ḥr jmn ― to the right
― m jmn ― to the right
the West
Synonyms: jmnt , jmntt
See under the adjective above.
jmnt ( “ the West (as a place or as a goddess) ” ) jmntj ( “ western; westerly wind; person of the west, the dead ” ) jmntt ( “ the West, western land, necropolis ” )
From j- + mn ( “ to be established, to remain ” ) .
m
Only used in jrj jmn ( “ to make one’s abode, to sojourn ” ) : abode , place of stay [Pyramid Texts]
“jmn (lemma ID 26030) ”, “jmn (lemma ID 26020) ”, “jmn (lemma ID 26040) ”, “jmn (lemma ID 26050) ”, “Jmn (lemma ID 26060) ”, “Jmn (lemma ID 26070) ”, “jmn (lemma ID 26080) ”, and “jmn (lemma ID 854325) ”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae [1] , Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
Erman, Adolf , Grapow, Hermann (1926 ) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache [2] , volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN , pages 83.4–83.6, 83.12–84.7, 84.15–85.2, 85.11–85.16
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962 ) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian , Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN , page 21
James P[eter] Allen (2010 ) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs , 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN , pages 186, 280 .
^ Schenkel, Wolfgang (1990) Einführung in die altägyptische Sprachwissenschaft , page 89