English edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

Derived from New Latin laryngeus +‎ -al, from larynx (larynx) +‎ -eus (adjectival suffix). By surface analysis, laryng- +‎ -al or -ial.

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

laryngeal (not comparable)

  1. (anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the larynx.
    • 1871, S. G. Cook, “A Case of Hydrophobia”, in William A. Hammond, editor, The Journal of Psychological Medicine: Diseases of the Nervous System, Medical Jurisprudence and Anthropology[1], volume 5, page 83:
      At sight of it there commenced a series of laryngeal spasms, with clutchings at his throat, far more violent than any I had heretofore seen.
  2. (phonetics, relational) (of a speech sound) Made by or with constriction of the larynx with only the front part of the vocal cords vibrating, giving a very low frequency and producing what is known as "creaky voice."

Derived terms edit

Translations edit

Noun edit

 
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laryngeal (plural laryngeals)

  1. (anatomy) An anatomical part (such as a nerve or artery) that supplies or is associated with the larynx.
  2. (phonetics) A sound uttered by using the larynx.
  3. (Indo-European linguistics) In Proto-Indo-European, one of the typically three reconstructed consonants usually marked as h₁, h₂ and h₃.
    • 1940, J. Alexander Kerns, Benjamin Schwartz, “The Laryngeal Hypothesis and Indo-Hittite, Indo-European Vocalism”, in Journal of the American Oriental Society[2], volume 60, number 2, →DOI, page 183:
      The vowel-coloring effects of the IH laryngeals cannot be considered apart from the vowel-reducing effect of the IH stress accent []
    • 1995, Andrew L. Sihler, New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin[3], New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page viii:
      [] it is not only different from Buck's in the linguistics (laryngeals have seen to that); it is very different in scope and aim.
    • 2006, Donald Ringe, From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎[4], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 15:
      Finally, it should be noted that laryngeals not adjacent to syllabics were apparently deleted by three different rules.

Usage notes edit

The term laryngeal in Indo-European studies is but an anachronistic misnomer, retained only because it has been established as a standard term for those three phonemes. The exact phonetic value of Proto-Indo-European laryngeals is unknown, but it's generally agreed that not all of them were real laryngeals.

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References edit