liquefare
Italian
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Latin liquefacere (“to melt; to dissolve”).
Pronunciation
editVerb
editliquefàre (first-person singular present liquefàccio, first-person singular past historic liqueféci, past participle liquefàtto, first-person singular imperfect liquefacévo, second-person singular imperative liquefài or liquefà', auxiliary avére)
- (transitive) to liquefy, to melt (to turn from solid to liquid)
- Synonyms: fondere, sciogliere
- 1478, Giovan Battista Romano e Colonna, “Libro 2 [Book 2]”, in Della congiura de' ministri del re di Spagna, contro la fedeliss. ed esemplare citta di Messina [Of the conspiracy of the ministers of the king of Spain against the most loyal, and exemplary city of Messina][1], volume 2, Lyon: published by Jean Anisson and Jean Posuel, page 172:
- per non aver più danari, con che pagare i soldati, risolsero liquefare nel fuoco la cascia di Argento, dove riposte stavano le reliquie del Glor. martire San Placido
- Having no more money to pay the soldiers, they decided to melt the silver box, wherein the relics of glorious martyr Saint Placidus were, in the fire
- 1592 [1581], “Lib. ⅠⅠⅠⅠ., Cap. ⅩⅩⅦ. Delle donne maritate, et de' lor molti figliuoli [Book 4, Chapter 27 - Of married women, and their many children]”, in Basilio Pallavicino, transl., Del viver delli romani, et di conservar la sanità [Of the Roman lifestyle, and maintaining health][2], Rome: published by Domenico Basa, translation of De victu Romanorum et de sanitate tuenda by Alessandro Petronio (in Medieval Latin), page 264:
- Hanno da lassar affatto tutte le specie, et il petroselino, perche quelle scaldano troppo, et liquefanno il corpo
- They are to abstain from all spices, and parsley, for they create too much heat, and liquefy the body
- 1605 [1304–1309], “Libro nono, Cap. ⅩⅩⅩⅡ. Del morbo sculmato, e sua cura. [Ninth book, Chapter 32 - Of the illness of lientery, and cure thereof]”, in Bastiano de' Rossi, transl., Trattato dell'agricoltura [Treatise on agriculture][3], Florence: published by Cosimo Giusti, translation of Ruralium commodorum libri Ⅻ by Pietro De' Crescenzi, page 427:
- tanto della pece navale, quanto dell'altre cose, e si polverizzino, e insieme tutte queste cose si liquefacciano
- [Take] naval pitch in as much quantity as the other things, and grind them into dust, and liquefy all these things together
- 1659, Giovanni Paolo Oliva, Prediche dette nel Palazzo Apostolico da Gio. Paolo Oliva[4], Venice: Gio. Casoni, page 105:
- Se il Sangue di Cristo bollisse ne' nostri cuori, liquefarebbe i ghiacci anche centenarij del Caucaso.
- If the blood of Christ were boiling inside our hearts, it would melt even the centuries-old ice of Caucasus.
- 1770, Francesco Griselini, “Composizioni di Kunckel [Kunckel's compounds]”, in Dizionario delle arti e de' mestieri [Dictionary of arts and crafts][5], volume 8, Venice: Modesto Fenzo, page 244:
- prendete di litargirio 12 lb. di magnesia 1; fate liquefare
- Take 12 lbs. of litharge, and 1 of magnesia: have them melt
- 1858, “Nota Ⅴ alla pag. 4 [Note #5 on page 4]”, in Memorie dell'I. R. Istituto Lombardo di scienze, lettere ed arti [Works of the Italian Royal Lombard Institute of science, literature, and arts][6], volume 7, number 1, Milan: Tipografia Bernardoni, page 63:
- Ora, secondo recenti calcoli, […] si ha che la superficie terrestre perde annualmente […] tanto calorico, quanto basterebbe a liquefare uno strato di ghiaccio alto millimetri 6 ½
- Now, according to recent calculations, the Earth's surface loses so much heat, annually, that it would be enough to liquefy a 6.5-millimeter-thick ice sheet
- 1969 [c. 300 BCE], Liou Kia-hway [Traditional Han: 劉家槐, Pinyin: Liú Jiāhuái], transl., L'œuvre complète de Tchouang-tseu, translation of Zhuang-zi by 莊周 [Zhuang Zhou] (in Old Chinese); translated as “Libertà naturale [Natural Freedom]”, in Carlo Laurenti, Christine Leverd, transl., Zhuang-zi [Chuang-tzu] (Gli Adelphi; 41), 6th edition, Milan: Adelphi Edizioni, published 2010, 1982, →ISBN, page 17:
- Se le acque si alzassero fino al cielo, non annegherebbero. Se la siccità liquefacesse i metalli e infiammasse le montagne, non ne sarebbero neppure sfiorati.
- If the waters were to rise to the skies, they wouldn't drown. If drought were to liquefy metals, and set fire to the mountains, they wouldn't even be touched by it.
- (transitive, figurative, rare) to consume
- Synonym: consumare
- 1581 [late 14th century], Bartolomeo Scalvo, Meditationi infiammatorie dell'anima christiana [Inflammatory meditations for the christian soul][7], Venice: published by Giovanni Varisco et Compagni, translation of Stimulus divini amoris by Walter Hilton, Prima parte, pages 18–19:
- Ò ferite, ò piaghe, che trapassate i cuori di sasso, infiammate le congelate menti, ¶ et li petti adamantini liquefate per tanto amore.
- Oh, wounds! Oh, scars! You, who pierce the hearts of stone, enflame the frozen minds, and melt the adamantine chests with such love!
- (transitive, physics) to condense (to transform from a gaseous state into a liquid state)
- Synonym: condensare
- Antonym: vaporizzare
- 1878 January 15, “Liquefazione del biossido d'azoto [Condensation of nitrogen dioxide]”, in Il progresso: rivista delle nuove invenzioni e scoperte [Progress - Journal of new inventions and discoveries][9], 6th edition, number 1, Turin: Tipografia DeRossi, page 7:
- Faraday, come ognuno sa, era giunto a liquefare parecchi gaz permanenti mediante il freddo rapido ed intenso che si ottiene coll'acido carbonico solido.
- As everyone knows, Faraday had managed to condense many permanent gases through the quick, intense cold obtained with solid carbonic acid.
- 2021, Il libro della scienza [The book of science][10], Edizioni Mondadori, translation of The Intelligent Man's Guide to Science by Isaac Asimov, page 433:
- Pertanto, per liquefare un gas si doveva prima di tutto essere certi di operare al di sotto della temperatura critica, se non si voleva buttare via il proprio tempo.
- Therefore, in order to condense a gas, one had to, first of all, make sure they were operating below critical temperature, if they didn't want to waste their own time.
Conjugation
edit Conjugation of liquefàre (-ere; irregular) (See Appendix:Italian verbs)
1With syntactic gemination after the verb.
Including lesser-used and nonstandard forms:
Conjugation of liquefàre (-ere; irregular) (See Appendix:Italian verbs)
1Literary, archaic or regional.
2Proscribed.
3Disused.
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editFurther reading
edit- liquefare in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Categories:
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- Italian terms derived from Latin
- Italian 4-syllable words
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- Rhymes:Italian/are
- Rhymes:Italian/are/4 syllables
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- Italian verbs
- Italian verbs ending in -ere
- Italian irregular verbs
- Italian verbs with irregular present indicative
- Italian verbs with irregular imperative
- Italian verbs with irregular past historic
- Italian verbs with irregular past participle
- Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary
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- it:Physics