3-lit.
- (intransitive, of buildings and tools) to fall to ruin, to decay [since the 18th Dynasty]
- (intransitive, of one’s ba or corpse, usually negated) to perish, to die
- (intransitive, of plans, words, festivals, etc., usually negated) to come to nought, to perish, to be erased
Often found used in parallel with skj (“to perish”).
Conjugation of mrḥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: mrḥ, geminated stem: mrḥḥ
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
mrḥ
|
mrḥw, mrḥ
|
mrḥt
|
mrḥ
|
mrḥ
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
mrḥ
|
ḥr mrḥ
|
m mrḥ
|
r mrḥ
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
| perfect
|
mrḥ.n
|
consecutive
|
mrḥ.jn
|
| terminative
|
mrḥt
|
| perfective3
|
mrḥ
|
obligative1
|
mrḥ.ḫr
|
| imperfective
|
mrḥ
|
| prospective3
|
mrḥ
|
potentialis1
|
mrḥ.kꜣ
|
| subjunctive
|
mrḥ
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
mrḥ.n
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
mrḥ
|
mrḥ
|
mrḥ, mrḥw5, mrḥy5
|
| imperfective
|
mrḥ, mrḥy, mrḥw5
|
mrḥ, mrḥj6, mrḥy6
|
mrḥ, mrḥw5
|
| prospective
|
mrḥ, mrḥtj7
|
mrḥtj4, mrḥt4
|
- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of mrḥ
|
|
|
| mrḥw
|
mrḥw
|
| [Greco-Roman Period]
|
[Greco-Roman Period]
|
Apparently a back-formation from mrḥt (“oil, fat”); compare the older verb wrḥ (“to anoint”), from which mrḥt itself may originally derive.
3-lit.
- (transitive) to anoint [Late Period literature]
- (transitive, with m) to coat or provide (a clay figurine) with (enamel)
- (transitive) to lacquer (wood)
Conjugation of mrḥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: mrḥ, geminated stem: mrḥḥ
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
mrḥ
|
mrḥw, mrḥ
|
mrḥt
|
mrḥ
|
mrḥ
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
mrḥ
|
ḥr mrḥ
|
m mrḥ
|
r mrḥ
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
mrḥ.n
|
mrḥw, mrḥ
|
consecutive
|
mrḥ.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
mrḥt
|
| perfective3
|
mrḥ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
mrḥ.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
mrḥ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
mrḥ
|
mrḥḥ
|
potentialis1
|
mrḥ.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
mrḥ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
mrḥ.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
mrḥ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
mrḥ
|
mrḥ, mrḥw5, mrḥy5
|
| imperfective
|
mrḥ, mrḥy, mrḥw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
mrḥ, mrḥj6, mrḥy6
|
mrḥ, mrḥw5
|
| prospective
|
mrḥ, mrḥtj7
|
—
|
mrḥtj4, mrḥt4
|
- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
|
Based on the form of the Coptic descendants, apparently the same word as mrḥt (“oil, fat”) in origin; with the loss of syllable-final -t, the originally-feminine word was reanalyzed as a masculine noun when used in the sense of ‘asphalt’.
m
- asphalt [Late Period literature]
- “mrḥ (lemma ID 72810)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae[1], Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
- “mrḥ (lemma ID 72790)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae[2], Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
- “mrḥ (lemma ID 72800)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae[3], Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[4], volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 111.11–112.1
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 112
