Wiktionary

ba

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ba"
Languages (72)
Translingual • English
Akan • Anguthimri • Australian Kriol • Bakung • Bambara • Basque • Borôro • Buhi'non Bikol • Cebuano • Chichewa • Chickasaw • Cimbrian • Dagbani • Dama (Sierra Leone) • Duun • Eastern Penan • Fijian • French • Fula • Garo • Ghomala' • Gothic • Haitian Creole • Hlai • Iban • Iriga Bicolano • Irish • Italian • Japanese • Kongo • Lhao Vo • Lithuanian • Malagasy • Mandarin • Middle English • Miraya Bikol • Nias • Northern Kurdish • Norwegian Bokmål • Old English • Old Irish • Old Polish • Olukumi • Phalura • Phuthi • Polish • Romagnol • Shona • Silesian • Spanish • Sumerian • Swazi • Swedish • Tagalog • Tày • Tetum • Tiruray • Uneapa • Vietnamese • Volapük • West Albay Bikol • West Makian • Xhosa • Yapese • Yola • Yoruba • Zaghawa • Zoogocho Zapotec • Zou • Zulu
Page categories

Translingual

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Symbol

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ba

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Bashkir.

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Egyptian bꜣ,

G53Z1

Noun

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ba (plural bas)

  1. (Egyptian mythology) A being's soul or personality, represented as a bird-headed figure, which survives after death but must be sustained with offerings of food.
    • 1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 220:
      Any ordinary person who has ever floated out of his body during a nap knows what a Ba is, but unfortunately the dogmas of our materialistic culture constrain the person to ignore and repress his experience.
    • 1983, Norman Mailer, Ancient Evenings:
      But the Ba, I remembered, could be seen as the mistress of your heart and might or might not decide to speak to you, just as the heart cannot always forgive.

Etymology 2

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The sound is very commonly made by infants, and is interpreted by parents as a reference to themselves.

Noun

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ba (plural bas) (not generally used in the plural)

  1. (colloquial and in direct address) Father, baba.

Etymology 3

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Alternative forms

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Noun

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ba (uncountable)

  1. (historical) A medieval football game played in parts of Scotland around Christmas and New Year.
    • 2011, Alistair Moffat, The Borders:
      The townsmen played ba often and clearly knew what they were doing.

Etymology 4

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Noun

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ba (plural bas)

  1. (in real estate ads) Abbreviation of bathroom.
    Coordinate term: br (“bedroom”)
    Alternative form: BA
    2 beds, 1 ba

See also

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Anagrams

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Akan

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Verb

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ba

  1. (Fante) come

References

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  • Rose-Juliet Anyanwu, Fundamentals of Phonetics, Phonology and Tonology (2008)

Anguthimri

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Noun

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ba

  1. (Mpakwithi) island

References

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  • Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 184

Australian Kriol

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Preposition

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ba

  1. Alternative form of blanga

Bakung

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ba

Noun

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ba

  1. water (clear liquid H₂O)
  2. water (mineral water)

Bambara

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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ba

  1. mother
Synonyms
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Etymology 2

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Noun

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bà

  1. goat

Etymology 3

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Noun

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bá

  1. river, stream, lake

Etymology 4

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Numeral

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bà

  1. one thousand
Synonyms
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Basque

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Particle

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ba

  1. Alternative form of ba-
    Ba al zatoz? ― Are you coming?
    Ba ote al dago inor etxean? ― Is anyone home?
    Ba omen zegoen bidea ezagutzen zuen norbait. ― There was someone who knew the way.
Usage notes
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See usage notes at ba-.

Etymology 2

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Clipping of bada (“it is”)

Particle

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ba

  1. so, then, well
    Ez nizun ba esan. ― Well, I didn't tell you.

Etymology 3

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Clipping of bai (“yes”).

Particle

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ba

  1. (Northern) yes

Etymology 4

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Probably from Spanish bah.

Interjection

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ba

  1. Indicates disdain or unbelief.

Further reading

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  • “ba”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia
  • “ba”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

Borôro

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ba

  1. egg

Buhi'non Bikol

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Etymology

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From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahaq, from Proto-Austronesian *baSaq.

Noun

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bâ

  1. flood

Cebuano

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Pronunciation 1

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Particle

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ba

  1. interrogative particle
    Kini ba ang Kabisay-an? ― Is this the Visayas?
    Kamao ka ba molangoy? ― Do you know how to swim?

Pronunciation 2

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Etymology

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Short for baba.

Verb

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ba

  1. to piggyback; to carry someone on the back

Chichewa

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-jíba.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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-ba (infinitive kubá)

  1. steal

Derived terms

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Chickasaw

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Conjunction

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ba

  1. Alternative spelling of ba'

Cimbrian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle High German wā, from Old High German wār, hwār, from Proto-West Germanic *hwār, from Proto-Germanic *hwar (“where”). Cognate with German wo, English where.

Pronoun

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ba

  1. (Sette Comuni, relative) that; which; who
    dar faff ba de pridighet ― the priest who preaches

Adverb

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ba (dative bannont)

  1. (Sette Comuni, interrogative) where
    Ba pisto gabéest in gantzen tag?
    Where have you been all day?

Adverb

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ba

  1. (Sette Comuni, attributive only) how (modifier used to express surprise, delight, etc.)
    Ba khalt! ― How cold!
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References

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  • “ba” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Dagbani

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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ba (plural banima)

  1. father
  2. a title of respect
Usage notes
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  • obligatorily possessed: includes father's brothers, and in the plural all relatives on the father's side, particularly those of his generation.

See also

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Etymology 2

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Pronoun

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ba

  1. Third-person, animate, singular, neutral, object pronoun them

See also

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Dama (Sierra Leone)

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Etymology

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Cognate with Vai [script needed] (ba), Mende wa.

Adjective

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ba

  1. big

References

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  • Dalby, T. D. P. (1963) “The extinct language of Dama”, in Sierra Leone Language Review, volume 2, Freetown: Fourah Bay College, pages 50–54

Duun

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Etymology

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Onomatopoeic?

Noun

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ba

  1. goat

Further reading

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Eastern Penan

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Noun

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ba

  1. water

References

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Fijian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Oceanic *baRa (cognates include Maori pā (“fortified village, blockade”) and Hawaiian pā (“wall”)) from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baRa related to Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pager (“enclosure; palisade around a village; fence around a planted tree or cultivated field”) (compare with Malay pagar (“fence”)).

Noun

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ba

  1. a special fence or enclosure made from reeds to catch fish trapped during tides.

References

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  • Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “paa.1”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
  • Gatty, Ronald (2009) “ba”, in Fijian-English Dictionary, Suva, Fiji: Ronald Gatty, →ISBN, page 10

French

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English ba.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ba/
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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ba

  1. (Egyptian mythology) ba

Fula

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Particle

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ba

  1. (Pular) interrogative particle
    Si himo ka suudu ba, si o alaa ton ba.
    Whether he's at the house, or whether he's not there.

Usage notes

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  • Placed at the end of a phrase
  • Implies an alternative

Adverb

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ba

  1. (Maasina) not even
    ba nde wootere
    not even once
    ba gooto
    not even one
  2. nothing
  3. even
    Synonym: fay
    ba joonin
    even now
    ba naanen
    even a short while ago

See also

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References

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Garo

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Etymology

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Probably from Bengali বা (ba), which is a short form of কিংবা (kiṅba).

Conjunction

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ba

  1. or

Ghomala'

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Particle

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ba (prepositional)

  1. and, also, as well, too
    Ba myə gaə̂ sɔ'.
    I came also.

References

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  • Erika Eichholzer (editor) et al, Dictionnaire ghomala’ (2002)

Gothic

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Romanization

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ba

  1. Romanization of 𐌱𐌰

Haitian Creole

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Verb

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ba

  1. give

Synonyms

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Hlai

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Hlai *hmaː (“five”), from Pre-Hlai *maː (Norquest, 2015).

Numeral

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ba

  1. five

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Hlai *hmaː (“dog; hunting dog”), from Pre-Hlai *maː (Norquest, 2015). Compare Proto-Tai *ʰmaːᴬ (“dog”) (whence Thai หมา (mǎa)).

Noun

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ba

  1. dog, hunting dog

Iban

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Pronunciation

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Preposition

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ba

  1. in
    ba Kuching
    in Kuching
  2. at
    ba sungai
    at the river
  3. on
    ba atas jalai
    on the road

Iriga Bicolano

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Etymology

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From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahaq, from Proto-Austronesian *baSaq.

Noun

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bâ

  1. flood

Irish

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Etymology 1

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ba f pl

  1. plural of bó
    Tá na ba sa mhá. ― The cows are in the field.

Etymology 2

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From Old Irish ba.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Particle

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ba (triggers lenition)

  1. past/conditional affirmative of is
    Ba é Dónall an múinteoir. ― Dónall was the teacher.
    Ba mhaith liom cupán tae. ― I would like a cup of tea.
  2. past/conditional direct relative of is (used to introduce the comparative/superlative form of adjectives)
    fear ba shine ná m'athair ― a man (who was) older than my father
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Irish copular forms
Simple copular forms
Present/future
Affirmative Negative Interrogative Neg. inter.
Main clauses is ní an nach
Direct relative clauses nach
Indirect relative clauses ar, arbv
Other subordinate clauses gur, gurbv an nach
Past/conditional
Affirmative Negative Interrogative Neg. inter.
Main clauses ba, b’v níor, níorbhv ar, arbhv nár, nárbhv
Direct relative clauses ba, abv nár, nárbhv
Indirect relative clauses ar, arbhv
Other subordinate clauses gur, gurbhv ar, arbhv nár, nárbhv
Present subjunctive
Affirmative Negative
gura, gurabv nára, nárabv
    Compound copular forms
Base word Present/future Past/conditional
cá cár, cárbv cár, cárbhv
cé cér, cérbv cér, cérbhv
dá dá mba, dá mb’v
de/do dar, darbv dar, darbhv
faoi faoinar, faoinarbv faoinar, faoinarbhv
i inar, inarbv inar, inarbhv
le lenar, lenarbv lenar, lenarbhv
má más má ba, má b’v
mura mura, murabv murar, murarbhv
ó (prep.) ónar, ónarbv ónar, ónarbhv
ó (conj.) ós ó ba, ó b’v
trí trínar, trínarbv trínar, trínarbhv
v Used before vowel sounds

Mutation

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Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
ba bha mba
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

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  1. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 59
  2. ^ Ó Searcaigh, Séamus (1925) Foghraidheacht Ghaedhilge an Tuaiscirt‎[1] (in Irish), Belfast: Brún agus Ó Nualláin [Browne and Nolan], § 2
  3. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 88

Italian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈba/
  • Rhymes: -a
  • Hyphenation: bà

Interjection

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ba

  1. bah!
  2. oh well!

Anagrams

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Japanese

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Romanization

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ba

  1. The hiragana syllable ば (ba) or the katakana syllable バ (ba) in Hepburn romanization.

Kongo

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Noun

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ba class 5 (singular diba, plural maba)

  1. palm tree

Lhao Vo

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Etymology

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Uncertain.

Noun

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ba

  1. sun

Verb

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ba

  1. to know; to understand.

References

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  • Dr. Ola Hanson, A Dictionary of the Kachin Language (1906).

Lithuanian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ba (“for”).[1]

Pronunciation

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  This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Conjunction

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bà

  1. for

References

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  1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “ba”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 75

Malagasy

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Etymology 1

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From English bar.

Noun

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ba

  1. (music) bar; measure

Etymology 2

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From French bas (“stocking”).

Noun

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ba

  1. stockings; socks
  2. knitting

Mandarin

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Pronunciation

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  • Audio (Liaoning):(file)

Romanization

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ba (ba5／ba0, Zhuyin ˙ㄅㄚ)

  1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 吧, 罷／罢

Romanization

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ba

  1. Nonstandard spelling of bā.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of bá.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of bǎ.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of bà.

Usage notes

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  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle English

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Etymology

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Form of *bān, from (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

Verb

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bā

  1. Imperative form of of *bān (“to kiss”)

Miraya Bikol

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Etymology

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From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahaq, from Proto-Austronesian *baSaq.

Noun

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bâ

  1. flood

Nias

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Preposition

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ba

  1. in, at, on (general preposition for locative adjuncts)

References

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  • Sundermann, Heinrich. 1905. Niassisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Moers: Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, p. 22–23.

Northern Kurdish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Iranian *HwáHatah (“wind”) (compare Avestan 𐬬𐬁𐬙𐬋 (vātō), Pashto and Persian باد (bâd)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HwáHatas (“wind”) (compare Sanskrit वात (vā́ta)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wéh₁n̥ts (“blowing”), present participle of *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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Central Kurdish با (ba)
Zazaki vay

ba m (Arabic spelling با)

  1. weather
  2. wind

Declension

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Declension of ba
Definite masculine gender
Case Singular Plural
Nominative ba ba
Construct bayê bayên
Oblique bayî bayan
Demonstrative oblique wî bayî wan bayan
Vocative bayo bayino
Indefinite masculine gender
Case Singular Plural
Nominative bayek bayin
Construct bayekî bayine
Oblique bayekî bayinan

Derived terms

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Norwegian Bokmål

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Alternative forms

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Verb

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ba

  1. simple past of be

Old English

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Determiner

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bā

  1. neuter/feminine nominative/accusative singular of beġen

Old Irish

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Etymology 1

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Alternative forms

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  • (2nd sg. pres. subj.): be

Pronunciation

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Verb

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ba

  1. inflection of is:
    1. first/second/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. second-person singular imperative
    3. third-person singular preterite/imperfect indicative nonrelative/relative

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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ba

  1. Alternative form of fa (“or”)

Old Polish

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ba. First attested in the 15th century.

Pronunciation

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Particle

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ba

  1. nay, or rather, or should I say, moreover, hell used to say that what has been said thus far is true, but could be said more accurately
    • Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa‎[2], page 181:
      A ci... mąk nie wierzyli ani czci, ani dostojeństwa, ba i wstania przychodzącego sądu przeli (nam et resurrectionem mortuorum futuram negabant), mnimając, aby dusze po społu s ciały umirały
      [A ci... mąk nie wierzyli ani czci, ani dostojeństwa, ba i wstania przychodzącego sądu przeli (nam et resurrectionem mortuorum futuram negabant), mnimając, aby dusze pospołu z ciały umirały]
  2. transition particle; well, well then
    • Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa‎[3], page 731:
      Drugi potem przybieżąc uderzył ji w ciemię i rzekł: O Jesusie, snadź ci mirzka w [o]czu, ba pokrzep sie im, dobry druże; takeś omdlał, jakoby nie miał boga ojca, ba pochwaci sie, ale nie daj sie sromocić
      [Drugi[m] potem przybieżąc uderzył ji w ciemię i rzekł: "O Jesusie, snadź ci mirzka w [o]czu, ba, pokrzep sie im, dobry druże! Takeś omdlał, jako by nie miał Boga Ojca. Ba, pochwaci sie, ale nie daj sie sromocić!"]

Descendants

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  • Polish: ba
  • Silesian: ba

References

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  • Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “ba”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
  • Mańczak, Witold (2017) “ba”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
  • Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “ba”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
  • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “ba”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Olukumi

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Etymology

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Compare with Yoruba bàbá, Ekiti Yoruba àbá, Ekiti Yoruba bà, Ondo Yoruba bàí, Yoruba ụba, Owo Yoruba iba

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ba

  1. father; old man or elder

Coordinate terms

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Derived terms

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Phalura

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Particle

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ba (discourse, Perso-Arabic spelling بہ)

  1. Marker with a (switch-)topic function (variously corresponding to 'and, however, instead, as for, but')

References

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  • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “ba”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[4], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Phuthi

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-báa.

Verb

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-ba

  1. to be
  2. to become

Inflection

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This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Polish

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Polish ba.

Pronunciation

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Particle

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ba

  1. nay, or rather, or should I say, moreover, hell (used to say that what has been said thus far is true but could be said more accurately)
    Synonyms: mało tego, więcej
    To danie jest dobre, ba, przepyszne! ― This dish is good, nay, delicious!
  2. duh, obviously (used when the speaker believes what has been said is obvious)
    „On jest trochę głupi, co?” „Ba!” ― “He's a little dumb, isn't he?” “Duh!”
  3. denotes disappointment; bah
  4. (obsolete) that's easy to say
  5. (obsolete, repeated) well, well
  6. (obsolete) that's another thing
  7. (Middle Polish) used to urge a command.
    Synonym: no
  8. (Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia) Introduces a continued statement; well, so
  9. (Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia) Used to answer a question; well
  10. (Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia) Used to respond to a request; unfortunately
  11. (Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia) Adds to a statement furthermore

Interjection

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ba

  1. (Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia) Denotes surprise; there you have it!

Conjunction

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ba

  1. (Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, contrastive) but; just

Derived terms

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noun
particle

Further reading

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  • ba in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • ba in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “ba”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • Barbara Rykiel-Kempf (19.01.2017) “BA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “ba”, in Słownik języka polskiego
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “ba”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “ba”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 77
  • Zofia Stamirowska (1987-2024) “ba”, in Anna Basara, editor, Słownik gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur, volume 1, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, →ISBN, page 137

Romagnol

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Latin *babbus (“dad”), of Onomatopoeic origin.

Pronunciation

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  • (Central Romagnol): IPA(key): [ˈbaɐ̯]

Noun

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ba m (plural bëb)

  1. father, dad
    Ba ’d famèja ― Paterfamilias

References

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  • Masotti, Adelmo (1996) Vocabolario Romagnolo Italiano [Romagnol-Italian dictionary] (in Italian), Bologna: Zanichelli, page 51
  • Ercolani, Libero (1971) Vocabolario Romagnolo-Italiano, Monte di Ravenna, page 33

Shona

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-jíba.

Verb

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-bá (infinitive kubá)

  1. to steal

Silesian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Polish ba.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈba/
  • Rhymes: -a
  • Syllabification: ba

Particle

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ba

  1. Expresses negation or disagreement; obviously not

Further reading

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Spanish

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Verb

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ba

  1. Alternative form of va

Sumerian

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Romanization

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ba

  1. Romanization of 𒁀 (ba)

Swazi

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-báa.

Verb

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-ba

  1. to be
  2. to become

Inflection

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This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Swedish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Apocopic form of bara.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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ba (not comparable)

  1. (colloquial) Pronunciation spelling of bara ("just, only")
    Asså allt ba spåra' [spårade] direkt
    Y'know everything just went crazy the second it started
    Ba gört [gör det]!
    Just do it!

Verb

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ba (preterite ba)

  1. (colloquial, defective) Used colloquially to indicate speech or action. Compare English be like, like.
    Ja ba: ”Vafan är det!” o han ba: ”Ingen aning!”.
    I was (just) like: ”Wtf is that!” and he was (just) like: ”No idea!”.
    Han ba, hon ba, ja [jag] ba!
    He like ..., she like ..., I was like ...! [implying something sexual, sometimes with accompanying gestures (though clear enough anyway) – widespread joke]

Usage notes

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Only used in the preterite (past) and infinitive forms.

Anagrams

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Tagalog

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ba, or shortened form of baga. Cognate with Cebuano ba and Malagasy va.

Pronunciation

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Particle

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ba (Baybayin spelling ᜊ)

  1. marks a sentence as interrogative
    Synonyms: (dialectal) ga, (dialectal) baga, (obsolete) kaya
    Mayroon ka bang pera?
    Do you have money?
Usage notes
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  • The particle sometimes disappears in informal contexts and the sentence can be inferred as interrogative depending on the tone of the speaker.
    Mayroon kang pera?
    You have money?
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Influenced by Baybayin character ᜊ (ba).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ba (Baybayin spelling ᜊ)

  1. the name of the Latin-script letter B/b, in the Abakada alphabet
    Synonyms: (in the Filipino alphabet) bi, (in the Abecedario) be
See also
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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Interjection

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ba (Baybayin spelling ᜊ)

  1. Clipping of aba.

Etymology 4

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Pronunciation

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Interjection

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bâ (Baybayin spelling ᜊ)

  1. boo (used in play-scare with babies)
    Synonyms: ga, bulaga

Etymology 5

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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bâ (Baybayin spelling ᜊ)

  1. Clipping of amba.

Further reading

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  • “ba”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
  • Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ba₅”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Tày

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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ba

  1. to be (horizontally) spread out
    xu ba ― big ear

References

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  • Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎[5][6] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên

Tetum

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

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ba

  1. to go

Further reading

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  • Fransiskus Monteiro (1985) Kamus Tetun-Indonesia [Tetum-Indonesian Dictionary] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan

Tiruray

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Noun

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ba

  1. (anatomy) mouth

Uneapa

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Etymology

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From Proto-Oceanic *bʷa, possibly from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *ba.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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ba

  1. to not be
    Synonym: bali

Further reading

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  • Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 374

Vietnamese

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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A nursery word. In Đại Nam quấc âm tự vị (1895), the imitative ba ba was annotated as [t]iếng con nít hay kêu ("a word that children often use"), while glossed as cha, the chief and/or formal word for "father".

Noun

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ba

  1. (chiefly Southern Vietnam) father
    Synonyms: áng, bác, bọ, bố, cậu, cha, thầy, tía
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Vietnamese cardinal numbers
 <  2 3 4  > 
    Cardinal : ba
    Ordinal : thứ ba

From Proto-Vietic *paː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *piʔ. Cognate with Muong pa, Khmer បី (bəy), Halang pe, Pacoh pe, Mon ပိ, Santali ᱯᱮ (pe).

Numeral

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ba • (𠀧, 巴)

  1. three

Adjective

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ba • (𠀧, 巴)

  1. (Southern Vietnam, of a sibling) secondborn
    anh/chị ba ― second eldest brother/sister
    bác ba ― second eldest brother/sister of one's parent
    chú ba ― secondborn younger brother of one's father
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Determiner

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ba

  1. (colloquial) some, an indefinite quantity greater than one
    Ba cái đó chả đáng quan tâm.
    There's no need to be concerned about those.

Etymology 3

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Sino-Vietnamese word from 波.

Noun

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ba

  1. (only in compounds) wave; ripple
Derived terms
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See also
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Volapük

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Adverb

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ba

  1. perhaps
    • 1931, Arie de Jong, Gramat Volapüka, § 256:
      Sevol-li ba? kiöpo (kitopo) söl : R. lödom.
      Do you perhaps know where Mr. R. lives?
    • 1946, “Nuns”, in Volapükagased pro Nedänapükans, page 34:
      Söl: ‚Tarnow’ äbinom konletan zilik dinas valik teföl valemapükis valasotik. Bukem valemapükik omik, kel äbinon ba gretikün un Deutän, ye pedistukon ti löliko.
      Mr. Tarnow was an industrious collector of all things in the field of world languages of all kinds. His library about world languages, which was perhaps the largest in Germany, has, however, been almost completely destroyed.

West Albay Bikol

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Etymology

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From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahaq, from Proto-Austronesian *baSaq.

Noun

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bâ

  1. flood

West Makian

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ba

  1. the vagina

References

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  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎[7], Pacific linguistics

Xhosa

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-báa.

Verb

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-ba

  1. to be
  2. to become

Inflection

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This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Yapese

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Verb

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ba

  1. (auxiliary) to be (doing something); forms the present tense

Yola

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle English been, from Old English bēon, from Proto-West Germanic *beun.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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ba (inflected forms aam, yarth, is, beeth, bin, waz, wasth, war)

  1. be
    • 1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 100:
      A laafe ing lemethès chote wel ta ba zang,
      A leaf in tatters, I know well to be sung,
  2. is
  3. are
  4. been

References

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  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 24

Yoruba

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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bà

  1. to ferment
    kòkó ti bà ― The cocoa seeds have fermented
  2. to carry out the process of fermentation on seeds or plants
Usage notes
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  • ba before a direct object
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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bà

  1. (horticulture) to plant seeds in prepared pots for future transplanting into a farm (when it becomes an established seedling)
    ba òrom̀bó ― To plant lemon seeds for future transplanting
Usage notes
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  • ba before a direct object
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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bà

  1. to press a wound; to apply a warm compress on a wound
    Synonym: mọ́
    ba ojú egbò ― To apply a warm compress to a wound
Usage notes
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  • ba before a direct object
Derived terms
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Etymology 4

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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bà

  1. to hit (with an impact)
    ọfà á bà wọ́n ― The arrow hit them
  2. to be overcome with fear (literally, to be hit with fear)
    ẹ̀rú bà wá ― Fear overcame us
  3. (usually used with ilẹ̀) to be too long or oversized (to hit the ground)
    agbádá yìí bà mí nílẹ̀ ― The agbada was too big for me
  4. to perch
    Lékeléke bà mí lékè, ẹyẹ àdàbà bà mí lékè ― An egret perched on me, a dove perched on me
  5. to braid; to plait
    Synonym: dì
Usage notes
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  • ba before a direct object
Derived terms
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Zaghawa

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ba

  1. arm

References

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Zoogocho Zapotec

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Etymology 1

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Cognate with Yatzachi Zapotec ba.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ba

  1. hot weather (clarification of this definition is needed)
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Cognate with Isthmus Zapotec baꞌ, Yatzachi Zapotec ba.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ba

  1. grave, tomb

Etymology 3

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Cognate with Yatzachi Zapotec ba-.

Adverb

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ba

  1. already

References

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  • Long C., Rebecca, Cruz M., Sofronio (2000) Diccionario zapoteco de San Bartolomé Zoogocho, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 38)‎[8] (in Spanish), second electronic edition, Coyoacán, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 3

Zou

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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ba

  1. (transitive) to owe

Etymology 2

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Ba (2).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bà

  1. bat (mammal)

References

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  • Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, pages 44, 45

Zulu

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-báa.

Verb

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-ba

  1. to be
  2. to become

Inflection

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Tone L
Infinitive ukuba
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukuba ukungabi
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular yiba -be
Plural yibani -beni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyaba, ngiba engibayo, engiba ngiba angibi engingabi ngingabi
2nd singular uyaba, uba obayo, oba uba awubi ongabi ungabi
1st plural siyaba, siba esibayo, esiba siba asibi esingabi singabi
2nd plural niyaba, niba enibayo, eniba niba anibi eningabi ningabi
Class 1 uyaba, uba obayo, oba eba akabi ongabi engabi
Class 2 bayaba, baba ababayo, ababa beba ababi abangabi bengabi
Class 3 uyaba, uba obayo, oba uba awubi ongabi ungabi
Class 4 iyaba, iba ebayo, eba iba ayibi engabi ingabi
Class 5 liyaba, liba elibayo, eliba liba alibi elingabi lingabi
Class 6 ayaba, aba abayo, aba eba awabi angabi engabi
Class 7 siyaba, siba esibayo, esiba siba asibi esingabi singabi
Class 8 ziyaba, ziba ezibayo, eziba ziba azibi ezingabi zingabi
Class 9 iyaba, iba ebayo, eba iba ayibi engabi ingabi
Class 10 ziyaba, ziba ezibayo, eziba ziba azibi ezingabi zingabi
Class 11 luyaba, luba olubayo, oluba luba alubi olungabi lungabi
Class 14 buyaba, buba obubayo, obuba buba abubi obungabi bungabi
Class 15 kuyaba, kuba okubayo, okuba kuba akubi okungabi kungabi
Class 17 kuyaba, kuba okubayo, okuba kuba akubi okungabi kungabi
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngibile, ngibē engibile, engibē ngibile, ngibē angibanga engingabanga ngingabanga
2nd singular ubile, ubē obile, obē ubile, ubē awubanga ongabanga ungabanga
1st plural sibile, sibē esibile, esibē sibile, sibē asibanga esingabanga singabanga
2nd plural nibile, nibē enibile, enibē nibile, nibē anibanga eningabanga ningabanga
Class 1 ubile, ubē obile, obē ebile, ebē akabanga ongabanga engabanga
Class 2 babile, babē ababile, ababē bebile, bebē ababanga abangabanga bengabanga
Class 3 ubile, ubē obile, obē ubile, ubē awubanga ongabanga ungabanga
Class 4 ibile, ibē ebile, ebē ibile, ibē ayibanga engabanga ingabanga
Class 5 libile, libē elibile, elibē libile, libē alibanga elingabanga lingabanga
Class 6 abile, abē abile, abē ebile, ebē awabanga angabanga engabanga
Class 7 sibile, sibē esibile, esibē sibile, sibē asibanga esingabanga singabanga
Class 8 zibile, zibē ezibile, ezibē zibile, zibē azibanga ezingabanga zingabanga
Class 9 ibile, ibē ebile, ebē ibile, ibē ayibanga engabanga ingabanga
Class 10 zibile, zibē ezibile, ezibē zibile, zibē azibanga ezingabanga zingabanga
Class 11 lubile, lubē olubile, olubē lubile, lubē alubanga olungabanga lungabanga
Class 14 bubile, bubē obubile, obubē bubile, bubē abubanga obungabanga bungabanga
Class 15 kubile, kubē okubile, okubē kubile, kubē akubanga okungabanga kungabanga
Class 17 kubile, kubē okubile, okubē kubile, kubē akubanga okungabanga kungabanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngāba engāba ngāba angibanga engingabanga ngingabanga
2nd singular wāba owāba wāba awubanga ongabanga ungabanga
1st plural sāba esāba sāba asibanga esingabanga singabanga
2nd plural nāba enāba nāba anibanga eningabanga ningabanga
Class 1 wāba owāba āba akabanga ongabanga engabanga
Class 2 bāba abāba bāba ababanga abangabanga bengabanga
Class 3 wāba owāba wāba awubanga ongabanga ungabanga
Class 4 yāba eyāba yāba ayibanga engabanga ingabanga
Class 5 lāba elāba lāba alibanga elingabanga lingabanga
Class 6 āba āba āba awabanga angabanga engabanga
Class 7 sāba esāba sāba asibanga esingabanga singabanga
Class 8 zāba ezāba zāba azibanga ezingabanga zingabanga
Class 9 yāba eyāba yāba ayibanga engabanga ingabanga
Class 10 zāba ezāba zāba azibanga ezingabanga zingabanga
Class 11 lwāba olwāba lwāba alubanga olungabanga lungabanga
Class 14 bāba obāba bāba abubanga obungabanga bungabanga
Class 15 kwāba okwāba kwāba akubanga okungabanga kungabanga
Class 17 kwāba okwāba kwāba akubanga okungabanga kungabanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingaba — ngingaba ngingebe — ngingebe
2nd singular ungaba — ungaba ungebe — ungebe
1st plural singaba — singaba singebe — singebe
2nd plural ningaba — ningaba ningebe — ningebe
Class 1 angaba — engaba angebe — engebe
Class 2 bangaba — bengaba bangebe — bengebe
Class 3 ungaba — ungaba ungebe — ungebe
Class 4 ingaba — ingaba ingebe — ingebe
Class 5 lingaba — lingaba lingebe — lingebe
Class 6 angaba — engaba angebe — engebe
Class 7 singaba — singaba singebe — singebe
Class 8 zingaba — zingaba zingebe — zingebe
Class 9 ingaba — ingaba ingebe — ingebe
Class 10 zingaba — zingaba zingebe — zingebe
Class 11 lungaba — lungaba lungebe — lungebe
Class 14 bungaba — bungaba bungebe — bungebe
Class 15 kungaba — kungaba kungebe — kungebe
Class 17 kungaba — kungaba kungebe — kungebe
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizokuba engizokuba ngizokuba angizukuba engingezukuba ngingezukuba
2nd singular uzokuba ozokuba uzokuba awuzukuba ongezukuba ungezukuba
1st plural sizokuba esizokuba sizokuba asizukuba esingezukuba singezukuba
2nd plural nizokuba enizokuba nizokuba anizukuba eningezukuba ningezukuba
Class 1 uzokuba ozokuba ezokuba akazukuba ongezukuba engezukuba
Class 2 bazokuba abazokuba bezokuba abazukuba abangezukuba bengezukuba
Class 3 uzokuba ozokuba uzokuba awuzukuba ongezukuba ungezukuba
Class 4 izokuba ezokuba izokuba ayizukuba engezukuba ingezukuba
Class 5 lizokuba elizokuba lizokuba alizukuba elingezukuba lingezukuba
Class 6 azokuba azokuba ezokuba awazukuba angezukuba engezukuba
Class 7 sizokuba esizokuba sizokuba asizukuba esingezukuba singezukuba
Class 8 zizokuba ezizokuba zizokuba azizukuba ezingezukuba zingezukuba
Class 9 izokuba ezokuba izokuba ayizukuba engezukuba ingezukuba
Class 10 zizokuba ezizokuba zizokuba azizukuba ezingezukuba zingezukuba
Class 11 luzokuba oluzokuba luzokuba aluzukuba olungezukuba lungezukuba
Class 14 buzokuba obuzokuba buzokuba abuzukuba obungezukuba bungezukuba
Class 15 kuzokuba okuzokuba kuzokuba akuzukuba okungezukuba kungezukuba
Class 17 kuzokuba okuzokuba kuzokuba akuzukuba okungezukuba kungezukuba
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyokuba engiyokuba ngiyokuba angiyukuba engingeyukuba ngingeyukuba
2nd singular uyokuba oyokuba uyokuba awuyukuba ongeyukuba ungeyukuba
1st plural siyokuba esiyokuba siyokuba asiyukuba esingeyukuba singeyukuba
2nd plural niyokuba eniyokuba niyokuba aniyukuba eningeyukuba ningeyukuba
Class 1 uyokuba oyokuba eyokuba akayukuba ongeyukuba engeyukuba
Class 2 bayokuba abayokuba beyokuba abayukuba abangeyukuba bengeyukuba
Class 3 uyokuba oyokuba uyokuba awuyukuba ongeyukuba ungeyukuba
Class 4 iyokuba eyokuba iyokuba ayiyukuba engeyukuba ingeyukuba
Class 5 liyokuba eliyokuba liyokuba aliyukuba elingeyukuba lingeyukuba
Class 6 ayokuba ayokuba eyokuba awayukuba angeyukuba engeyukuba
Class 7 siyokuba esiyokuba siyokuba asiyukuba esingeyukuba singeyukuba
Class 8 ziyokuba eziyokuba ziyokuba aziyukuba ezingeyukuba zingeyukuba
Class 9 iyokuba eyokuba iyokuba ayiyukuba engeyukuba ingeyukuba
Class 10 ziyokuba eziyokuba ziyokuba aziyukuba ezingeyukuba zingeyukuba
Class 11 luyokuba oluyokuba luyokuba aluyukuba olungeyukuba lungeyukuba
Class 14 buyokuba obuyokuba buyokuba abuyukuba obungeyukuba bungeyukuba
Class 15 kuyokuba okuyokuba kuyokuba akuyukuba okungeyukuba kungeyukuba
Class 17 kuyokuba okuyokuba kuyokuba akuyukuba okungeyukuba kungeyukuba
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngibe ngingabi
2nd singular ube ungabi
1st plural sibe singabi
2nd plural nibe ningabi
Class 1 abe angabi
Class 2 babe bangabi
Class 3 ube ungabi
Class 4 ibe ingabi
Class 5 libe lingabi
Class 6 abe angabi
Class 7 sibe singabi
Class 8 zibe zingabi
Class 9 ibe ingabi
Class 10 zibe zingabi
Class 11 lube lungabi
Class 14 bube bungabi
Class 15 kube kungabi
Class 17 kube kungabi
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngaba ngangaba, angaba, angangaba
2nd singular waba wangaba, awaba, awangaba
1st plural saba sangaba, asaba, asangaba
2nd plural naba nangaba, anaba, anangaba
Class 1 waba wangaba, akaba, akangaba
Class 2 baba bangaba, ababa, abangaba
Class 3 waba wangaba, awaba, awangaba
Class 4 yaba yangaba, ayaba, ayangaba
Class 5 laba langaba, alaba, alangaba
Class 6 aba angaba, awaba, awangaba
Class 7 saba sangaba, asaba, asangaba
Class 8 zaba zangaba, azaba, azangaba
Class 9 yaba yangaba, ayaba, ayangaba
Class 10 zaba zangaba, azaba, azangaba
Class 11 lwaba lwangaba, alwaba, alwangaba
Class 14 baba bangaba, ababa, abangaba
Class 15 kwaba kwangaba, akwaba, akwangaba
Class 17 kwaba kwangaba, akwaba, akwangaba

References

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