Egyptian
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Etymology 1
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Pronunciation
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m
star
c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE ,
Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 13:
wrrt.f dm.n.s ḥrt snsn.n.s sbꜣw His White Crown, it has pierced the sky, it has fraternized with the stars .
meteor , falling star
Inflection
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Declension of sbꜣ (masculine)
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Demotic: sw Akhmimic Coptic: ⲥⲓⲟⲩ ( siou )
Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲓⲟⲩ ( siou ) , ⲥⲟⲩ- ( sou- )
Fayyumic Coptic: ⲥⲓⲟⲩ ( siou ) , ⲥⲉⲩ ( seu ) , ⲥⲓⲩ ( siu )
Old Coptic: ⲥⲟⲩ- ( sou- )
Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲓⲟⲩ ( siou ) , ⲥⲓⲟⲟⲩ ( sioou ) , ⲥⲟⲩ- ( sou- ) Etymology 2
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Pronunciation
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m
gate , doorway
c. 1401 BCE ,
Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, line 1:
wn n.j sbꜣw .ṯn snš n.j ꜥrrwyt.ṯn Open your doors to me! Unstop your gates for me! Inflection
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Declension of sbꜣ (masculine)
Alternative forms
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sbꜣ
Descendants
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Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲃⲉ ( sbe )
Fayyumic Coptic: ⲥⲃⲏ ( sbē )
Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲥⲃⲉ ( sbe )
Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲃⲉ ( sbe ) Etymology 3
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Pronunciation
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3-lit.
( transitive ) to teach Usage notes
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This verb can take two direct objects, the person taught and the thing the person is taught.
Inflection
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Conjugation of sbꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: sbꜣ , geminated stem: sbꜣꜣ
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
sbꜣ
sbꜣw , sbꜣ
sbꜣt
sbꜣ
sbꜣ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2 sbꜣ
ḥr sbꜣ
m sbꜣ
r sbꜣ
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
sbꜣ.n
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
—
—
perfective
sbꜣ
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
sbꜣ
sbꜣ , sbꜣw 5 , sbꜣy 5 imperfective
sbꜣ , sbꜣy , sbꜣw 5
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
sbꜣ , sbꜣj 6 , sbꜣy 6
sbꜣ , sbꜣw 5 prospective
sbꜣ , sbꜣtj 7
—
sbꜣtj 4 , sbꜣt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f /.fj , feminine .s /.sj , dual .sn /.snj , plural .sn .
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Alternative forms
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sbꜣ
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲁⲃⲟ ( sabo )
Fayyumic Coptic: ⲥⲉⲃ- ( seb- )
Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲃⲟ ( sbo ) , ⲥⲁⲃⲟ ( sabo ) , ⲥⲃⲱ ( sbō ) References
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James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs , 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN , page 169–170, 254, 357 .
Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar , Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN , page 84, 123, 147
Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary [2] , Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN , page 368