sjꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (verb): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈsaːjaʀ/ → /ˈsaːjaʀ/ → /ˈsaːʔə/ → /soːʔ/

• (verb): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsaːjaʀ/
• (verb): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsaːjaʀ/
• (verb): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsaːʔə/
• (verb): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /soːʔ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /siɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: sia

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to perceive, to recognize

Inflection

Conjugation of sjꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: sjꜣ, geminated stem: sjꜣꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
sjꜣ	sjꜣw, sjꜣ	sjꜣt	sjꜣ	sjꜣ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
sjꜣ	ḥr sjꜣ	m sjꜣ	r sjꜣ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	sjꜣ.n	sjꜣw, sjꜣ	consecutive	sjꜣ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	sjꜣt
perfective3	sjꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	sjꜣ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	sjꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	sjꜣ	sjꜣꜣ	potentialis1	sjꜣ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	sjꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	sjꜣ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	sjꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	sjꜣ	sjꜣ, sjꜣw5, sjꜣy5
imperfective	sjꜣ, sjꜣy, sjꜣw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	sjꜣ, sjꜣj6, sjꜣy6	sjꜣ, sjꜣw5
prospective	sjꜣ, sjꜣtj7	—	sjꜣtj4, sjꜣt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Derived terms

• msjꜣt

Noun

 m

1. perception, particularly the ability to see what must be done
2. (medicine) prognostication, ability to determine the prognosis

Proper noun

 m

1. the god Sia, personification of perception

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 161, 230.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 163