Wiktionary

vertu

See also: vertù

English edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Italian virtù, †vertù (“moral worth, virtue (13th century); determination, perseverance, military valour (14th century); study of the liberal or fine arts; appreciation of, taste for, or expertise in the fine arts; objets d'art collectively (16th century)”); or from French vertu (“virtue”), ultimately from Latin virtūt-, virtus (“virtue”). Doublet of virtue; compare also virtuoso.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

vertu (uncountable)

  1. (art, now historical) The fine arts as a subject of study or expertise; understanding of arts and antiquities. [from 18th c.]
    • 1750, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling‎[1], volume III, London: Printed for A[ndrew] Millar, →OCLC, pages 238–239:
      To give them their Due, they ſoar a Step higher than their Predeceſſors, and may be called Men of Wiſdom and Vertù (take heed you do not read Virtue).
    • 1789, John Moore, Zeluco, Valancourt, published 2008, page 233:
      He engaged a certain Abbé of distinguished taste in virtù to attend them as their Ciceroné, and explain the antiquities brought from Herculaneum and Pompeia […] .
  2. (art, now historical) Objets d'art collectively. [from 18th c.]
    • 1812, William Chinnery, A Catalogue of a Truly Valuable Assemblage of Articles of Virtu of William Chinnery [...]‎[2], London: [s.n.], →OCLC, title page:
      A Catalogue of a Truly Valuable Assemblage of Articles of Virtu of William Chinnery, Esq. Brought from Gillwell, Essex […] .
    • 1851, Herman Melville, “Moby-Dick or The White Whale”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎[3], Boston: The St. Botolph Society, published 1922, →OCLC, page 423:
      Now, when with royal Tranquo I visited this wondrous whale, and saw the skull an altar, and the artificial smoke ascending from where the real jet had issued, I marvelled that the king should regard a chapel as an object of vertù.
    • 1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin‎[4], London: John Cassell, →OCLC, page 178:
      The more drawers and closets there were, the more hiding-holes could Charlotte make for the accommodation of old rags, hair-combs, old shoes, ribbons, cast-off artificial flowers, and other articles of vertù, wherein her soul delighted.
  3. Especially with reference to the writings of Machiavelli (1469–1527): the requisite qualities for political or military success; vitality, determination; power. [from 19th c.]
    • 1976, Niccolò Machiavelli; James B. Atkinson, transl., The Prince [The Library of Liberal Arts; LLA-172], Indianapolis, Ind.: Bobbs-Merrill Company, ISBN 978-0-672-51542-2; reprinted as Indianapolis, Ind.: Hackett Publishing Company, 2008, ISBN 978-0-87220-920-6, pages 69–70:
      All these connotations, even the positive and moral ones, are within the range of significations Machiavelli wants us to hear in “virtù.” For him the word suggests a kind of flexibility that can initiate effective, efficient, and energetic action based on a courageous assertion of the will and an ability to execute the products of one's own calculations. Such calculations are a significant adjunct to his ideas about virtù: they outline what might be called an internal or mental virtù.
    • 1996, Harvey C[laflin] Mansfield[, Jr.], Machiavelli's Virtue, Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, pages 6–7:
      He alternately shocks his readers and provides relief from the very shocks he administers: Agathocles has virtù but cannot be said to have virtù. It is not enough to say that he uses the word in several “senses”; he uses it in two contradictory senses as to whether it includes or excludes evil deeds.
    • 2000, Jack Donnelly, Realism and International Relations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 175:
      To oversimplify, Machiavelli uses virtù to refer both to “Christian” moral virtues, the conventional universalistic values embodied in the Golden Rule, and to a set of more particularistic classical virtues centered on honor. Together they comprise Machiavelli's account of the most noble and distinctive human excellences, achievements, and aspirations.
  4. Moral worth; virtue, virtuousness. [from 20th c.]

Related terms edit

Translations edit

French edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Middle French vertu, from Old French vertu, from Latin virtūtem.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /vɛʁ.ty/
  • audio(file)

Noun edit

vertu f (plural vertus)

  1. virtue
    • 2004 October 1, “Huit-queues-et-demie [Eight-and-a-Half-Tails]”, in Guerriers de Kamigawa [Warriors of Kamigawa], Wizards of the Coast:
      « La vertu est une lumière intérieure qui peut toujours sauver une âme. »
      “Virtue is an inner light that can save a soul.”

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

Further reading edit

German edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

vertu

  1. singular imperative of vertun
  2. (colloquial) first-person singular present of vertun

Middle English edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Old French and Anglo-Norman vertu, from Latin virtūtem, accusative of virtūs.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈvɛrtiu̯/, /ˈvirtiu̯/

Noun edit

vertu (plural vertues)

  1. An ability, specialty, or feature:
    1. Medical or pharmaceutical ability (either generally or specifically)
    2. A mechanism that causes a bodily function to work.
  2. Power, competence, ability; ability to effect behaviour or action:
    • c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎[5], published c. 1410, Apocalips 1:16, page 117v, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:
      ⁊ he hadde in his riȝthond ſeuene ſterris .· ⁊ a ſwerd ſcharp on euer eþir ſide wente out of his mouþ / ⁊ his face .· as þe ſunne ſchyneþ in his vertu.
      And he had in his right hand seven stars, a sharp sword came out both sides of his mouth, and his face [was] like the sun shining with its power.
    1. Divine power or beneficence (sometimes inherent in an object)
    2. Political or legislative power or jurisdiction.
    3. Astrological or occult power or influence.
    4. Importance or desirability; the property of having value.
    5. The means or method that something is done with or through.
    6. (rare) The property of causing power, effects or results.
  3. Fortitude, strength, or might; power innate to a living being:
    1. Willpower or mental fibre; one's ability to fulfill one's will.
    2. Sapience, wisdom, higher functioning or that which causes it.
    3. Raw physical strength, endurance, or health.
  4. Virtue (moral goodness or capability):
    1. Glory, honourableness, or knightliness; that expected by chivalry.
    2. A particular virtue believed to be morally beneficial or good.
      • c. 1460, Turpines story: a Middle English translation of the Pseudo-Turpin chronicle‎[7], published 2004, →ISBN, Capitulum viii, page 13:
        […] we sholde dyȝe for vicis / and liffe with vertuus, […]
        […] we should die for vices / and live with virtues, […]
    3. A moral directive or instruction or the body of them; morals.
  5. One of several ranks of angels (being above "powers" and below "dominions").
  6. (by extension) A military troop or band; a group of combatants.
  7. (rare) A title or appellation granted or bestowed upon a divinity.

Related terms edit

Descendants edit

  • English: virtue (obsolete vertue)
  • Scots: virtue
  • Yola: vartue

References edit

Middle French edit

Etymology edit

From Old French vertu.

Noun edit

vertu f (plural vertus)

  1. virtue (goodness, moralness)

Descendants edit

Old French edit

Etymology edit

From Latin virtūs, virtūtem.

Noun edit

vertu oblique singular, f (oblique plural vertus, nominative singular vertu, nominative plural vertus)

  1. valour; honour; goodness; virtue

Synonyms edit

Descendants edit

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