Hindi

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Etymology

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Hindi verb set
चढ़ना (caṛhnā)
चढ़ाना (caṛhānā)
चढ़वाना (caṛhvānā)

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀘𑀟𑀇 (caḍaï), 𑀙𑀟𑀇 (chaḍaï), with further origin unknown.[1] Hoernlé suggests derivation from Sanskrit उत्-शदति (ut-śadati, to rise up), from the root शद् (śad, to fall).[2][3]

Cognate with Punjabi ਚੜ੍ਹਨਾ (caṛhnā), Nepali चढ्नु (caḍhnu), Gujarati ચઢવું (caḍhvũ), Bengali চড়া (coṛa), and Marathi चढणे (caḍhṇe).

Pronunciation

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  • (Delhi) IPA(key): /t͡ʃəɽʱ.nɑː/, [t͡ʃɐɽʱ.näː]

Verb

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चढ़ना (caṛhnā) (intransitive, Urdu spelling چڑھنا)

  1. to climb [with पर (par) ‘on’]
    वह पेड़ पर चढ़ना नहीं जानता।
    vah peṛ par caṛhnā nahī̃ jāntā.
    He does not know how to climb a tree.
    सीढ़ी चढ़नाsīṛhī caṛhnāto climb stairs
    Antonym: उतरना (utarnā)
  2. to rise, ascend, soar
    आज की रात चाँद आसमान में चढ़ता जा रहा है।
    āj kī rāt cā̃d āsmān mẽ caṛhtā jā rahā hai.
    The moon keeps ascending in the sky tonight.
    Antonym: उतरना (utarnā)
  3. to increase, grow
    दाम चढ़नाdām caṛhnāfor prices to grow
    Synonym: बढ़ना (baṛhnā)
  4. to mount, ride (a vehicle or horse), board (a train)
    Antonym: उतरना (utarnā)
  5. to invade, attack
    शत्रु हमारे शहर पर चढ़ आए।śatru hamāre śahar par caṛh āe.The enemy has attacked our city.
  6. to intoxicate (without an object)
    उसे चढ़ गई है।use caṛh gaī hai.He is intoxicated.
  7. to take affect, be seized
    ग़ुस्सा चढ़नाġussā caṛhnāto become angry (literally, “to be seized by anger”)
    रंग चढ़नाraṅg caṛhnāto become dyed or stained by colour
  8. to be offered as sacrifice
    बलि चढ़नाbali caṛhnāid.
  9. to be covered, enveloped
  10. to be put, placed
    Synonym: (more general) डलना (ḍalnā)
  11. (figurative) to put on airs, be haughty, think highly of oneself

Conjugation

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References

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  1. ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*caḍhati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 248
  2. ^ Hoernlé, A. F. Rudolf (1880) “चढ़्”, in “A Collection of Hindi Roots, with Remarks on their Derivation and Classification”, in Journal of The Asiatic Society of Bengal[1], volume 49, page 45
  3. ^ Platts, John T. (1884) “چڙهنا”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Further reading

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