Wiktionary

否

See also: 咅, 杏, 좀, and 춤
否 U+5426, 否
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5426
← 吥
[U+5425] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 吧 →
[U+5427]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

否 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一火口 (MFR), four-corner 10609, composition ⿱不口)

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 178, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3340
  • Dae Jaweon: page 395, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 586, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5426

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
 否
alternative forms 不 “no; not”
𠲎 Northern Wu
𠳝 Northern Wu

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (不) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
肧 *pʰlɯː, *pʰɯ, *pʰlɯː
俖 *pʰɯːʔ
娝 *prɯʔ
痞 *prɯʔ, *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ
丕 *pʰrɯ
伾 *pʰrɯ
秠 *pʰrɯ, *pʰrɯʔ, *pʰɯ, *pʰɯʔ
駓 *pʰrɯ
怌 *pʰrɯ
豾 *pʰrɯ
髬 *pʰrɯ
魾 *pʰrɯ, *brɯ
鉟 *pʰrɯ, *brɯ
嚭 *pʰrɯʔ
邳 *brɯ
岯 *brɯ
否 *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ
抔 *bɯ, *pʰlɯː
不 *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ'
紑 *pɯ, *pʰɯ, *pʰɯʔ
鴀 *pɯ, *pɯʔ
衃 *pʰɯ, *pʰlɯː
罘 *bɯ
芣 *bɯ
杯 *plɯː
盃 *plɯː
桮 *pɯː
坯 *pʰɯː
胚 *pʰɯː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ) : phonetic 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ', “not”) + semantic 口 (“mouth”).

Etymology 1 edit

See etymology of 不.

Pronunciation edit

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 否
Mandarin Beijing /fou²¹⁴/
Harbin /fau²¹³/
/fou²¹³/
Tianjin /fou¹³/
Jinan /fɔ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /fɔ⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /fu⁵³/
Xi'an /fu⁵³/
Xining /fv̩⁵³/
Yinchuan /fu⁵³/
Lanzhou /fu⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /fu⁵¹/
Wuhan /fəu⁴²/
Chengdu /fo⁵³/
/fəu⁵³/
Guiyang /fu⁴²/
Kunming /fəu⁵³/
Nanjing /fəi²¹²/
Hefei /fʊ²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /fu⁵³/
Pingyao
Hohhot /fu⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /fɤ³⁵/
Suzhou /fɤ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /fei⁵³/
Wenzhou /fɜ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /fo³⁵/
Tunxi /fo³¹/
Xiang Changsha /xəu⁴¹/
Xiangtan /ɸəɯ⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /fɛu²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /feu³¹/
Taoyuan /feu¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /fɐu³⁵/
Nanning /fɐu³⁵/
Hong Kong /fɐu³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hɔ⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /pʰeu³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /pʰe²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /hõu⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /fɔu²¹³/
Rime
Character 否
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 方久切
Baxter pjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/piuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/piəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/puwX/
Li
Rong 		/piuX/
Wang
Li 		/pĭəuX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/pi̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fau2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 否
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fǒu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjuwX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pəʔ/
English not

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 否
Reading # 2/2
No. 1028
Phonetic
component 		不
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		缶
Old
Chinese 		/*pɯʔ/

Definitions edit

否

  1. nay; no; negative
  2. not
  3. final interrogative particle
Usage notes edit

否 (fǒu) is the form taken by 不 (bù) when the verb which it negates is omitted (Pulleyblank, 1995, p. 104).

Compounds edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • phí - literary;
  • pháiⁿ/phái - vernacular (usually written as 歹).
Note:
  • pi2 - literary;
  • pai2 - vernacular (usually written as 痞).
Rime
Character 否
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 脂 (17)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 符鄙切
Baxter bijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bˠiɪX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/bᵚiX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/biɪX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/bjiX/
Li
Rong 		/bjiX/
Wang
Li 		/biX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/bʱiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bei6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 否
Reading # 1/2
No. 1022
Phonetic
component 		不
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		否
Old
Chinese 		/*brɯʔ/

Definitions edit

否

  1. † to block; to obstruct
  2. † to denounce; to censure
  3. † to become extinct
  4. † poverty-stricken; poor
  5. † evil; vile
  6. † Alternative form of 鄙 (bǐ, “superficial; shallow”)
  7. † Alternative form of 痞 (pǐ, “lump in the abdomen”)
  8. 12th hexagram of the I Ching

Compounds edit

References edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

否

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. no
  2. negate

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
否
いな
Grade: 6
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 否 – see the following entry.
【いな】
[interjection] no
[noun] nay, no
[noun] (uncommon, perhaps archaic) a river snail
(This term, 否, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
否
ひ
Grade: 6
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 否 (MC bijX). The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

否(ひ) • (hi) 

  1. no

Korean edit

Hanja edit

否 (eumhun 아닐 부 (anil bu))

  1. Hanja form? of 부 (“not, no, negative”).

否 (eumhun 막힐 비 (makhil bi))

  1. Hanja form? of 비 (“obstruct, block”).

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

否: Hán Nôm readings: bĩ, phủ, phầu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings edit

References edit

  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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