denken
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Dutch denken, from Old Dutch thenken, from Proto-West Germanic *þankijan, from Proto-Germanic *þankijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *teng-.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
denken
- (intransitive) to think [+ aan (object) = about, of]
- Ik denk vaak aan mijn vriendin. ― I often think about my girlfriend.
Inflection edit
Inflection of denken (weak with past in -cht) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | denken | |||
past singular | dacht | |||
past participle | gedacht | |||
infinitive | denken | |||
gerund | denken n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | denk | dacht | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | denkt | dacht | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | denkt | dacht | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | denkt | dacht | ||
3rd person singular | denkt | dacht | ||
plural | denken | dachten | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | denke | dachte | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | denken | dachten | ||
imperative sing. | denk | |||
imperative plur.1 | denkt | |||
participles | denkend | gedacht | ||
1) Archaic. |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Afrikaans: dink, denk
- Jersey Dutch: dänke
- Negerhollands: denk, dink, diṅk, diṅg, diṅ
- → Aukan: denki
- → Sranan Tongo: denki
Anagrams edit
German edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German denken, from Old High German thenken, denken, from Proto-West Germanic *þankijan, from Proto-Germanic *þankijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *teng-.
Cognate with Bavarian denkn, denka, Dutch denken, Low German denken, dinken, West Frisian tinke, English think, Icelandic þekkja.
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /ˈdɛŋkən/, [ˈdɛŋkən], [ˈdɛŋʔŋ̍]
audio (Germany) (file) audio (Germany) (file) audio (Germany) (file) audio (Austria) (file)
Verb edit
denken (irregular weak, third-person singular present denkt, past tense dachte, past participle gedacht, past subjunctive dächte, auxiliary haben)
- (intransitive, [an (about) + accusative], rarely transitive) to think
- Ich denke, also bin ich.
- I think, therefore I am.
- Er denkt gewichtige Dinge.
- He is thinking weighty thoughts.
- Ich denke an früher.
- I am thinking about the past.
- (intransitive, with an + accusative) not to forget; to remember (to bring along, etc.)
- Denk an den Schlüssel!
- Don’t forget the key.
- (transitive, with reflexive dative) to imagine
- Das kann ich mir denken.
- I can imagine that.
- Ich denke ihn mir als bärtigen Einsiedler.
- I imagine him as a bearded hermit.
- (transitive, with reflexive dative) to think, to believe, to assume, to conjecture
- Ja, das dachte ich mir.
- Yes, I thought so.
Usage notes edit
Denken originally took a genitive object (ich denke deiner instead of ich denke an dich). This usage is now archaic.
Conjugation edit
infinitive | denken | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | denkend | ||||
past participle | gedacht | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich denke | wir denken | i | ich denke | wir denken |
du denkst | ihr denkt | du denkest | ihr denket | ||
er denkt | sie denken | er denke | sie denken | ||
preterite | ich dachte | wir dachten | ii | ich dächte1 | wir dächten1 |
du dachtest | ihr dachtet | du dächtest1 | ihr dächtet1 | ||
er dachte | sie dachten | er dächte1 | sie dächten1 | ||
imperative | denk (du) denke (du) |
denkt (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Hyponyms edit
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
Low German edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old Saxon thenkian, from Proto-West Germanic *þankijan, from Proto-Germanic *þankijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *teng-.
Verb edit
denken (third-person singular simple present denkt, past tense dach, past participle dacht, auxiliary verb hebben)
- to think
Conjugation edit
infinitive | denken | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | preterite |
1st person singular | denk | dach |
2nd person singular | denks(t) | dachs(t) |
3rd person singular | denk(t) | dach |
plural | denkt, denken | dachen |
imperative | present | — |
singular | denk(e) | |
plural | denkt | |
participle | present | past |
denken | (e)dacht, gedacht | |
Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects. |
Luxembourgish edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German denken, from Old High German denken, from Proto-West Germanic *þankijan, from Proto-Germanic *þankijaną.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
denken (third-person singular present denkt, preterite duecht or duet, past participle geduecht or geduet, past subjunctive diecht, auxiliary verb hunn)
- to think
Conjugation edit
Irregular with past tense | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | denken | |||
participle | geduecht | |||
auxiliary | hunn | |||
present indicative |
past indicative |
conditional | imperative | |
1st singular | denken | duecht | diecht | — |
2nd singular | denks | duechts | diechts | denk |
3rd singular | denkt | duecht | diecht | — |
1st plural | denken | duechten | diechten | — |
2nd plural | denkt | duecht | diecht | denkt |
3rd plural | denken | duechten | diechten | — |
(n) or (nn) indicates the Eifeler Regel. |
Derived terms edit
Middle Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Old Dutch thenken, from Proto-West Germanic *þankijan, from Proto-Germanic *þankijaną.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
denken
- to think
Inflection edit
Weak | ||
---|---|---|
Infinitive | denken | |
3rd sg. past | — | |
3rd pl. past | — | |
Past participle | — | |
Infinitive | denken | |
In genitive | denkens | |
In dative | denkene | |
Indicative | Present | Past |
1st singular | denke | — |
2nd singular | dencs, denkes | — |
3rd singular | denct, denket | — |
1st plural | denken | — |
2nd plural | denct, denket | — |
3rd plural | denken | — |
Subjunctive | Present | Past |
1st singular | denke | — |
2nd singular | dencs, denkes | — |
3rd singular | denke | — |
1st plural | denken | — |
2nd plural | denct, denket | — |
3rd plural | denken | — |
Imperative | Present | |
Singular | denc, denke | |
Plural | denct, denket | |
Present | Past | |
Participle | denkende | — |
Alternative forms edit
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- “denken (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “denken”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Middle Low German edit
Etymology edit
From Old Saxon thenkian, from Proto-West Germanic *þankijan, from Proto-Germanic *þankijaną. Cognate with Dutch denken and English think.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
denken
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
Mòcheno edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German denken, from Old High German denken, from Proto-West Germanic *þankijan, from Proto-Germanic *þankijaną (“to perceive, think”). Cognate with German denken, English think.
Verb edit
denken
- to think
References edit
- “denken” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Old High German edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *þankijan, from Proto-Germanic *þankijaną, akin to Old Saxon thenkian, Old Dutch thenken, Old English þencan, Old Norse þekkja, Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (þagkjan).
Verb edit
denken
- to think
Conjugation edit
infinitive | denken | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | past |
1st person singular | denku | dahta |
2nd person singular | denkis, denkist | dahtōs, denktōst |
3rd person singular | denkit | dahta |
1st person plural | denkem, denkemēs | dahtum, dahtumēs |
2nd person plural | denket | dahtut |
3rd person plural | denkent | dahtun |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st person singular | denke | dahti |
2nd person singular | denkēs, denkēst | dahtīs, dahtīst |
3rd person singular | denke | dahti |
1st person plural | denkēm, denkēn, denkemēs | dahtīm, dahtīn, dahtīmēs |
2nd person plural | denkēt | dahtīt |
3rd person plural | denkēn | dahtīn |
imperative | present | |
singular | denki | |
plural | denket | |
participle | present | past |
denkenti | gidaht |