fundo
Catalan edit
Verb edit
fundo
Esperanto edit
Etymology edit
From Latin fundus. Doublet of fono.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
fundo (accusative singular fundon, plural fundoj, accusative plural fundojn)
Derived terms edit
Galician edit
Verb edit
fundo
Interlingua edit
Noun edit
fundo (plural fundos)
Japanese edit
Romanization edit
fundo
Latin edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈfun.doː/, [ˈfʊn̪d̪oː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈfun.do/, [ˈfun̪d̪o]
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Italic *hundō (with fūsus for *fussus after fūdī), from earlier *xundō and a possible variant *xʷundō (to differentiate them from a later form *hundō if the shift */x/ > */h/ in the Italic languages already happened during late Proto-Italic), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewd-.
The change h- > f- is irregular (before -u-? Weiss, Outline, p. 77f.) and could be explained by the variant *xʷundō. Cognates include Ancient Greek χέω (khéō) and Old English ġēotan.
Verb edit
fundō (present infinitive fundere, perfect active fūdī, supine fūsum); third conjugation, limited passive
- (transitive) to pour out, shed
- (military) to overthrow, overcome, rout, vanquish an enemy, rout, scatter
- to throw or cast to the ground, prostrate
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.192–193:
- nec prius absistit quam septem ingentia victor
corpora fundat humī et numerum cum nāvibus aequet.- Nor does it stop before [Aeneas], [as] victor, throws seven huge bodies to the ground, and equals the number with his ships.
(The deer hunt shows Aeneas’s potential to be a military leader; note Virgil’s use of the present anticipatory subjunctive – “fundat” and “aequet” – to express purposeful actions.)
- Nor does it stop before [Aeneas], [as] victor, throws seven huge bodies to the ground, and equals the number with his ships.
- nec prius absistit quam septem ingentia victor
- (transitive) to found, make by smelting
- (transitive, figuratively) to moisten, wet
- (transitive) to extend, spread out
- Synonym: sternō
- (transitive) to utter
Conjugation edit
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Catalan: fondre
- French: fondre
- Friulian: fondi
- Italian: fondere
- Old Galician-Portuguese: fondir
- Sardinian: fundere
- Sicilian: fùnniri
- Spanish: hundir
- Venetian: fóndar
Possible Latinisms:
Early borrowings:
References edit
- “fundo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “fundo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- fundo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- fundo in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2024), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- the earth brings forth fruit abundantly: terra fundit fruges
- to write poetry with facility: carmina , versus fundere (De Or. 3. 50)
- property in land; real property: fundi
- to rout the enemy's forces: fundere hostium copias
- to utterly rout the enemy: caedere et fundere hostem
- to utterly rout the enemy: fundere et fugare hostem
- the earth brings forth fruit abundantly: terra fundit fruges
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “fŭndere”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volumes 3: D–F, page 863
Etymology 2 edit
From fundus (“bottom, lowest point”).
Verb edit
fundō (present infinitive fundāre, perfect active fundāvī, supine fundātum); first conjugation
- (transitive) to found, establish, lay the foundation
- Synonyms: exaedificō, inaedificō, aedificō, condō, struō, cōnstruō, compōnō, cōnstituō, statuō, mōlior
- (transitive, figuratively) to secure, make firm
Conjugation edit
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Catalan: fonar
- Friulian: fondâ
- Italian: fondare
- Occitan: fondar
- Old French: funder
- Romansch: fondar
- Sardinian: fundare
- Venetian: fondar
- → Catalan: fundar
- → Danish: fundere
- → Esperanto: fundo
- → Portuguese: fundar
- → Spanish: fundar
- → Swedish: fundera
Noun edit
fundō
References edit
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “fŭndare”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volumes 3: D–F, page 863
Portuguese edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese fundo, fondo, from Latin fundus (“bottom”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn.
Adjective edit
fundo (feminine funda, masculine plural fundos, feminine plural fundas)
- deep (having its bottom far down)
- Synonym: profundo
- Antonyms: raso, superficial
Noun edit
fundo m (plural fundos)
- bottom
- Antonyms: cume, superfície, topo
- background (a part of the picture that depicts scenery to the rear or behind the main subject)
- fund
- (finance, insurance) capital (money and wealth)
- (sports) long-distance
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
fundo
- first-person singular present indicative of fundar
- fundo uma instituição ― I am founding an institution
Etymology 3 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
fundo
- first-person singular present indicative of fundir
- fundo ouro ― I am smelting gold
Spanish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Latin fundus. Doublet of fondo.
Noun edit
fundo m (plural fundos)
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
fundo
Etymology 3 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
fundo
Further reading edit
- “fundo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swahili edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (Kenya) (file)