já
Czech edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Czech jáz, from Proto-Slavic *azъ, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵHóm.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
já (first person)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Noun edit
já n (indeclinable)
- (psychoanalysis) ego
- Synonym: ego
See also edit
Further reading edit
Icelandic edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse já (“yes”), Proto-Germanic *ja (“yes”).
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
já
Synonyms edit
Interjection edit
já
Synonyms edit
Inari Sami edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *jahw.
Conjunction edit
já
Further reading edit
- Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[1], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
Indo-Portuguese edit
Etymology edit
From Portuguese já (“already; now”), from Old Galician-Portuguese ja, from Latin iam (“already”), from Proto-Indo-European *yē (“already”).
Particle edit
já
- used in conjunction with the past tense
- 1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3:
- Já fallou par su pai aquêl mais piquin, […]
- The youngest one told his father, […]
Khiamniungan Naga edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
já
Macanese edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Indo-Portuguese já, from Portuguese já (“already; now”), from Old Galician-Portuguese ja, from Latin iam (“already”), from Proto-Indo-European *yē (“already”). Semantically, compare Chavacano ya.
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
já
- past tense marker; marks that an event has reached completion
- Iou já falâ ― I spoke
- Vôs já uví? ― Have you heard?
- Atútu já vêm di América ― Artur returned from America
- Já têm-ia! ― I've got it!
Usage notes edit
- Placing já before a verb in the past tense is optional.
- Past tense (or any other tense) may not necessarily be marked using já; verb tense is present by default but may have to be inferred through context, a feature possibly influenced by Cantonese grammar.
Conjunction edit
já … já
References edit
Masurian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Old Polish ja.
Pronoun edit
já
- first-person pronoun; I
Etymology 2 edit
Particle edit
já
Further reading edit
Northern Sami edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
já
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Further reading edit
- Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[3], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
Old Norse edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *ja (“yes”).
Adverb edit
já
Interjection edit
já
Descendants edit
Portuguese edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese ja, from Latin iam (“already”), from Proto-Indo-European *yē (“already”). Cognate with French jà/déjà, Italian già, and Spanish ya.
Pronunciation edit
- Rhymes: -a
- Hyphenation: já
Adverb edit
já (not comparable)
- (usually preceding verbs in the past tense) already (indicating that something has happened before)
- Já li esse livro.
- I have already read this book.
- (usually following verbs in the present tense) now (at this instant)
- Synonym: agora
- Consigo fazer isso já.
- I can do this right now.
- Compre já!
- Buy now!
- (in negative sentences, preceding the adverb não) any more; any longer
- Synonym: mais
- Eu já não leio mais muitos livros.
- I don’t read many books any more.
- (usually preceding verbs in the present tense) in a minute; soon
- (preceding noun phrases) on the other hand, however
- Synonyms: por outro lado, no entanto
- Gosto de ler, já a minha mãe não lê nem as notícias.
- I enjoy reading, my mother, on the other hand, doesn’t even read the news.
- (preceding a verb in the passive participle) ever
- O melhor bolo já feito
- The best cake ever made
Usage notes edit
In Portuguese, já is said more frequently than the English equivalents. It is sometimes left untranslated altogether.
Quotations edit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:já.