se
Translingual edit
Symbol edit
se
English edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
se (plural ses)
Translations edit
Anagrams edit
Abinomn edit
Noun edit
se
Afrikaans edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Dutch zijn, z'n (“his, its”). An Afrikaans innovation is the use of se regardless of the number or gender of the possessor, which may be due to a merger with the Dutch genitive suffix -s as well as, perhaps, the adjective suffix -s, -sch.
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
se
- follows a noun to indicate that this noun possesses that which follows, much like English 's
- Hierdie is my ouma se huis. — This is my grandmother’s house.
See also edit
Albanian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Albanian *tśe(i), *tśi from Proto-Indo-European *kʷe-, *kʷ(e)i- (“how, what”). Interrogative and relative pronoun, especially in connection with a preposition.
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
se
- that, as, when
- Më duket se ke nevojë për disa shokë të rinj. — It seems to me that you need some new friends.
- Im vëlla më tha se don të bisedojë me ty rreth librit të ri. — My brother told me that he wants to talk to you about the new book.
Related terms edit
Bavarian edit
Alternative forms edit
- 's (unstressed form)
Etymology edit
Pronoun edit
se
Synonyms edit
See also edit
nominative | accusative | dative | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | ||
1st person singular | i | — | mi | — | mia (mir) | ma | |
2nd person singular (informal) |
du | — | di | — | dia (dir) | da | |
2nd person singular (formal) |
Sie | — | Eahna | — | Eahna | — | |
3rd person singular | m | er | a | eahm | 'n | eahm | 'n |
n | es, des | 's | des | 's | |||
f | se, de | 's | se | 's | ihr | — | |
1st person plural | mia (mir) | ma | uns | — | uns | — | |
2nd person plural | eß, ihr | — | enk, eich | — | enk, eich | — | |
3rd person plural | se | 's | eahna | — | eahna | — |
Bonan edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Mongolic *usun.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
se
References edit
- Üjiyediin Chuluu (Chaolu Wu), Introduction, Grammar, and Sample Sentences for Baoan, SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS (Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA), November 1994
- Henry G. Schwarz, The Minorities of Northern China: A Survey (1984), page 140: 'water' Daur os
Breton edit
Pronoun edit
se
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
se (enclitic, contracted 's, proclitic es, contracted proclitic s')
- himself, herself, itself (direct or indirect object)
- oneself (direct or indirect object)
- themselves (direct or indirect object)
- each other (direct or indirect object)
Usage notes edit
- -se is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with a consonant or ⟨u⟩, or between some adverbs/pronouns and a verb. In some varieties of Catalan (Balearic/Valencian) it can also occur in sentence-initial position.
- The use of se and other direct personal pronouns can indicate the passive in Catalan.
Declension edit
Central Huasteca Nahuatl edit
Pronunciation edit
Numeral edit
se
- one (number).
Central Nahuatl edit
Numeral edit
se
- one.
Cimbrian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German si(e) (“they”), merged from Old High German sie m pl, sio f pl, siu n pl, from Proto-Germanic *īz m, *ijôz f, *ijō n, the nominative plural forms of *iz. Cognate with German sie, Dutch zij.
Pronoun edit
se
Inflection edit
Personal pronouns | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
1st person | i | biar |
2nd person | du | iar |
3rd person | er, si, 'z | se |
References edit
- “se” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Coatepec Nahuatl edit
Numeral edit
se
- one.
Czech edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Czech sě, from Proto-Slavic *sę, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé.
Pronoun edit
se (reflexive)
- clitic accusative of sebe:
- oneself
- myself
- yourself
- himself
- herself
- itself
- ourselves
- yourselves
- themselves
- Synonym: (stressed) sebe
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Preposition edit
se (also s)
Further reading edit
Dalmatian edit
Etymology edit
Pronoun edit
se
Danish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Danish se, from Old Norse (East) *sēa, (Old Norse (West) sjá), from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, cognate with English see, German sehen, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
se (imperative se, infinitive at se, present tense ser, past tense så, perfect tense har set)
- to see
- (reciprocal passive) to see each other
Conjugation edit
reciprocal
Dimasa edit
Numeral edit
sé
Esperanto edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Italian se, influenced by French si and Latin sī.
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Conjunction edit
se
Ewe edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
se (plural sewo)
Fala edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese se, sse, from Latin sē.
Pronoun edit
se
- Used for passive constructions with transitive verbs and undetermined agent; one
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme II, Chapter 2: Recunquista:
- Non poemos analizar con pormenoris estis siglos, pero tampoco se debi toleral que, sin fundamentus, se poña en duda algo que a Historia documentá nos lega sobre nossa terra.
- We can’t thoroughly analyse these centuries, but one mustn’t tolerate that, unfoundedly, something documented history tells us about our land be questioned [by someone].
- Reflexive and reciprocal pronoun: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Anexu: A Porcá:
- Cumían algu de herba por camiñus, se bañaban i os devulvían a casa por as tardis.
- They ate some pasture along the way, bathed themselves and were returned to their home in the afternoon.
Usage notes edit
- Takes the form -si when suffixed to an impersonal verb form.
See also edit
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | ei | me, -mi | mi | ||
plural | common | nos | musL nusLV nos, -nusM |
nos | ||
masculine | noshotrusM | noshotrusM | ||||
feminine | noshotrasM | noshotrasM | ||||
second person | singular | tú | te, -ti | ti | ||
plural | common | vos | vusLV vos, -vusM |
vos | ||
masculine | voshotrusM | voshotrusM | ||||
feminine | voshotrasM | voshotrasM | ||||
third person | singular | masculine | el | le, -li | uLV, oM | el |
feminine | ela | a | ela | |||
plural | masculine | elis | usLV, osM | elis | ||
feminine | elas | as | elas | |||
reflexive | — | se, -si | sí |
References edit
Faroese edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
se n (genitive singular ses, plural se)
- The name of the Latin-script letter C.
Declension edit
Declension of se | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
n4 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | se | seið | se | seini |
accusative | se | seið | se | seini |
dative | se, sei | senum | seum | seunum |
genitive | ses | sesins | sea | seanna |
Fijian edit
Conjunction edit
se
Noun edit
se
Finnish edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. For plural forms, see etymology of ne.
The variation in inflectional stems (se-, si-, sii-,) dates back to at least Late Proto-Finnic. The oblique stem si-, seen in most inflected forms, is also found in other Finnic languages, such as the following cognates of the partitive singular sitä: Karelian sitä, Livvi sittäh, Veps sidä, Votic sitä. This is possibly a remnant of the original expected form **si (due to final e > i) which was reversed in some forms, possibly as influence from the plural ne.
The stem sii-, seen in internal locative case forms may have been generalized from the plural forms as a means to distinguish from partitive/essive sitä, sinä; expected internal locative cases **sissä, **sistä may have been avoided as a dissimilation. Compare Veps siš (inessive singular of se).
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
se
- (demonstrative) that (when the speaker does not point at the thing, either physically or mentally; compare tuo, see usage notes)
- Älä koske siihen!
- Don't touch that! (something located close to the speaker)
- Sitäkö sinä sillä tarkoitit?
- That's what you meant by that?
- (demonstrative) it
- Onko se hän, joka on ovella?
- Is it her who's at the door?
- Ota kortti ja pane se pöydälle kuvapuoli alaspäin.
- Take a card and put it on the table face down.
- Kukas se sieltä tulee?
- Who's it coming over there?
- the one (who, what, which) (always with a relative clause)
- Se, jolla on eniten pisteitä, on voittaja.
- The one who has the most points is the winner.
- Joka kuritta kasvaa, se kunniatta kuolee.
- [The one] who grows up without discipline dies without honor.
- (colloquial or dialectal) he, she, one, (singular) they (the pronoun does not determine the sex/gender of the person)
- Se vaan lähti.
- He just left.
Determiner edit
se
- that (not pointed at by the speaker; compare tuo, see usage notes)
- Sen auton pakoputki on rikki.
- That car has a broken exhaust.
- Onko sinulla vielä sitä jäätelöä?
- Do you still have some of that ice cream?
- (colloquial) the (as a definite article; see the usage notes below)
Usage notes edit
- Both tuo and se can be translated as "that"; see tuo for more information on the difference between the two.
- In colloquial and dialectal Finnish, se is the usual and neutral personal pronoun in the third person singular, and its standard Finnish counterpart hän is restricted to certain particular uses. Using se of a person carries no negative connotation.
- Due to the influence of Germanic languages, and nowadays especially to that of English, se may often be used as a kind of definite article in colloquial Finnish, though in standard Finnish, where word order expresses whether something is definite or indefinite, this colloquial usage is ungrammatical. (Compare the usage of yksi.)
- (standard)
- Mies tuli luokseni. ― The man came to me.
- Luokseni tuli mies. ― A man came to me.
- (colloquial)
- Se mies tuli mun luokse. ― The man came to me.
- Yks mies tuli mun luokse. ― A man came to me.
- (standard)
Inflection edit
Irregular (singular stems: se-, si-, sii-, plural stems: ne-, nii-).
Declension of se
|
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Kven: se
See also edit
Further reading edit
- Tämä, tuo vai se?. Kielikello (4/2001). An article analyzing the usage and differences between the Finnish demonstrative pronouns tämä, tuo and se. (in Finnish)
- “se”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Etymology 2 edit
Akin to tseh.
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
se (dialectal)
- here you go; an encouragement to take something, usually something that is being handed over.
- an encouragement to an animal to eat (food)
Usage notes edit
Despite being an interjection, some verb-like forms can also be found (sehkää).
Alternative forms edit
Anagrams edit
French edit
Etymology edit
From Middle French se, from Old French se, from Latin sē. See also soi.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
se m or f (pre-vocalic s’)
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
- (to) himself
- (to) herself
- (to) oneself
- (to) itself
- (to) themselves
- (to) each other
- (Louisiana) The second-person plural reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
- Je suis partie à la chasse et faut vous autres se comportes bien. ― I'm going hunting and y'all need to behave yourselves.
Usage notes edit
- Se becomes s’ before a vowel or unaspirated h, and sometimes, in nonstandard writing, in other cases where the e would be silent, e.g. in lyrics.
- Se is often used with an actual subject, but it is also very often used with an abstract subject:
- Il est normal de se parler. — It is normal to talk to oneself.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
See Template:French personal pronouns for other pronouns.
See also edit
- The other reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronouns: me, m’, te, t’, nous, vous.
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal disjunctive pronoun: soi.
Further reading edit
- “se”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams edit
Galician edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese se (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin sī.
Conjunction edit
se
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Alternative forms edit
Pronoun edit
se
- accusative/dative of si
- The third-person reflexive pronoun.
- (to) himself
- (to) herself
- (to) oneself
- (to) itself
- (to) themselves
- (to) each other
References edit
- “se” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “se” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “se” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Garo edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
se
German Low German edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Low German sê, variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
se
- she
- Se is Anke. — She is Anke (Annie).
Pronoun edit
se
- they
- Se kaamt ut Bremen. — They come from Bremen.
- 1861, G. Ungt, Twee Geschichten in Mönstersk Platt. Ollmanns Jans in de Friümde un Ollmanns Jans up de Reise, page 163:
- Dao gävven5 sick de Beiden dann auk an, datt se wier by ähr keimen.6
- 5 gaben – gaben sich an – strengten sich an. 6 zu ihnen kamen.
See also edit
Gun edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Gbe *se (“to hear”). Cognates include Fon sè (“to understand, hear, feel”), Saxwe Gbe sè (“to hear”), Adja sè (“to understand, hear, feel, respond”), Ewe se (“to hear”)
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
sè
- to hear, to listen
- to understand
Derived terms edit
- sètónú (“to obey”)
Haitian Creole edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
se
Usage notes edit
- Use ye at the end of a clause.
- This word does not appear when the predicate is an adjective or prepositional phrase, except when the preposition in the prepositional phrase is pou (“for”) or tankou (“like”).
References edit
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
se (clitic)
- Alternative form of sem.
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Further reading edit
- (not … either, not even): se in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.
- ([folksy, informal] alternative form of sem): se, redirecting to sem in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.
Ido edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Conjunction edit
se
- if
- La klerko komencus laborar se ilu povus. — The clerk would begin to work if he could.
- Se me povus, me komprus altra domo. — If I could, I would buy another house.
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
se (plural se-i)
- The name of the Latin script letter S/s.
See also edit
Ingrian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *se. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
se
- this, that (not bound to a specific location)
- 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 63:
- Linnuille höö siihe kagraa siputtiit.
- They sprinkled oats onto it for the birds.
- 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 7:
- Inmihiset panniit merkille i sen, etti kaik predmetat päivääl, päivytpaiston aikanna, viskajaat kupahaiset.
- People noticed this as well, that all objects during the day, being a sunny time, cast shadows.
- (dialectal) that (distal)
- 2008, “Läkkäämmä omal viisii [We're speaking [our] own way]”, in Inkeri[4], volume 4, number 69, St. Petersburg, page 12:
- Tämä on Logoven kylä, a se ono Reppoilan kylä.
- This is the village Logovi, and that is the village Reppoila.
Determiner edit
se
- this, that (not bound to a specific location)
- 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 40:
- Peen tulo saatii siint pellost.
- A small income was received from this field.
- (dialectal) that (distal)
Usage notes edit
- Se and neet are anaphoric: That is to say they refer to something previously mentioned (or soon afterwards mentioned) in the conversation. In contrast, too and noo are deictic, and thus refer to physical entities.
- Although Junus (1936; p. 99) describes sen as the accusative and senen as the genitive, in practice, sen is often used as a short form of the genitive as well.
- In the Soikkola dialect, the functions of too (“that”) have merged into se.
Declension edit
Declension of se | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | se | neet |
genitive | senen | niijen |
accusative | sen | neet |
partitive | sitä | niitä |
illative | siihe | niihe |
inessive | siin | niis |
elative | siint, siitä | niist |
allative | sille | niille |
adessive | sil | niil |
ablative | silt | niilt |
translative | siks | niiks |
essive | senennä | niinnä |
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Ingrian demonstratives | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
proximal | neutral | distal | |||||
singular | tämä (tää) | se | too | ||||
plural | nämät (näät) | neet | noo |
References edit
- V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka[5], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 99
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 514
- Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку[6], →ISBN, pages 13-14
Interlingua edit
Pronoun edit
se (third person)
- Reflexive: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves.
- Illa se videva in le speculo. ― She saw herself in the mirror.
- Reciprocal: each other, one another.
- Quando illes se cognosceva? ― When did they meet (each other)?
- Used for passive constructions with undetermined agent (translated by "one").
- De mi casa se vide le mar. ― From my house the sea is seen. (Literally, “...the sea sees itself.”)
- Hence, used for expressions of the type "to get/become ...-ed".
- espaventar — “to frighten”; espaventar se = "to get frightened" (lit., "to frighten oneself")
Usage notes edit
Istriot edit
Etymology edit
Conjunction edit
se
- if
- 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
- Biela, se ti vedissi li galiere
- Beautiful one, if you saw the galleys
Italian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Latin sī (“if”)[1] or from Late Latin se(d), from Latin sī and quid ("what").[2]
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
se
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
se
- Alternative form of si
Usage notes edit
See also edit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Conjunctive | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
se
Conjunction edit
se
- (archaic) Alternative form of così: if (only); even if
- se Dio ti lasci, lettor, prender frutto / di tua lezione ― even if God leaves you, reader, take fruit of your lesson (Dante)
Usage notes edit
- Used to express a conditional with the implicit hope on the part of the speaker that something does or does not happen. Always followed by the subjunctive.
References edit
Further reading edit
- se in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
Jamaican Creole edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
se
- to say, to tell
- 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, Matyu 3:7:
- Bot wen im si uol iip a piipl fram di Farisii an Sadyusii gruup a kom fi im baptaiz dem, im se tu dem se, “Unu siniek pikni unu! A uu waan unu fi ron we fram di jojment we a kom?
- But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming to his baptism, he said to them, "You brood of vipers! Who warned you to flee from the wrath to come?
Pronoun edit
se
- (relative) that (which, who; representing a subject, direct object, indirect object, or object of a preposition)
- 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, Matyu 2:22:
- Bot wen im ier se a Erad pikni, Arkelos, tek uova an did a ruul Judiya, im kech im fried an neehn waahn go de-so. An kaa Gad did waan im aaf iina wan jriim, im lef go Gyalalii insted.
- But when he heard that Archelaus was reigning over Judea in place of his father Herod, he was afraid to go there, and being warned in a dream he withdrew to the district of Galilee.
- (literally, “But when he heard that Herod's child Archelaus took over and was ruling Judea […])”)
Further reading edit
- se at majstro.com
Japanese edit
Romanization edit
se
Kalasha edit
Etymology edit
From Sanskrit स (sa), सा (sā), from Proto-Indo-European *só.
Pronoun edit
se
Coordinate terms edit
See also edit
Karelian edit
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
se
- (South Karelian) Alternative form of še
Pronoun edit
se
- (South Karelian) Alternative form of še
References edit
Kven edit
Etymology edit
From Finnish se, from Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe.
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
se
Pronoun edit
se
Declension edit
Synonyms edit
- (he, she): hän
See also edit
References edit
- Eira Söderholm (2017) Kvensk grammatikk, Tromsø: Cappelen Damm Akademisk, →ISBN, page 278
Ladin edit
Etymology edit
Pronoun edit
se
- (indefinite) one, you, we, they, people. Note: often translated using the passive voice in English.
- (reflexive) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves; (reciprocal) each other, one another. Note: With some verbs, si is not translated in English.
Lashi edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
se
- to know
- to be able to
References edit
- Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid[7], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)
Latin edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
sē (accusative and ablative, no nominative)
- (reflexive) the accusative of the third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves
- Vōcālis est littera quae per sē syllabam facere potest. ― A vowel is a letter that can form a syllable by itself.
- Quīntus quōmodo sē habet hodiē? ― How's Quintus doing today? (literally, “is holding himself”)
- In mare sē praecipitāvit. ― He drowned himself in the ocean.
- (reflexive) the ablative of the third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun
Usage notes edit
- sēsē is very common as the emphatic form of the accusative pronoun, especially in reference to a preceding ipse, or at the beginning or the end of a clause.
Declension edit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Ablative | Possessive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | ego | meī | mihi | mē | meus, -a, -um | |
Second | — | tū | tuī | tibi | tē | tuus, -a, -um | ||
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | is | ēius | eī | eum | eō | ēius | |
Feminine | ea | eam | eā | |||||
Neuter | id | id | eō | |||||
Plural | First | — | nōs | nostrī, nostrum | nōbīs | nōs | nōbīs | noster, -tra, -trum |
Second | — | vōs | vestrī, vestrum | vōbīs | vōs | vōbīs | vester, -tra, -trum | |
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | eī, iī | eōrum | eīs | eōs | eīs | eōrum | |
Feminine | eae | eārum | eās | eārum | ||||
Neuter | ea | eōrum | ea | eōrum |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Ligurian edit
Etymology edit
From Late Latin se(d), from Latin sī (“if”) + quid (“what”).
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
se
Livonian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.
Pronoun edit
se
Declension edit
Lower Sorbian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *sę.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
se
- myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself
- each other, one another
- used to form passives
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Starosta, Manfred (1999) “se”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
Luxembourgish edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
se
- unstressed form of si
Declension edit
See Template:lb-decl-personal pronouns for declension.
Malay edit
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : se | ||
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Shortened form of esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa.
Pronunciation edit
Numeral edit
se (Jawi spelling س)
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Maltese edit
Root |
---|
s-j-r (going) |
2 terms |
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Sometimes thought to have been inherited from Arabic سَ (sa), from سَوْفَ (sawfa). However, it is more likely that the similarity is entirely coincidental and that Maltese se(r) is merely a shortened form of sejjer.
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
se
- Indicates a future tense.
Mandarin edit
Romanization edit
se
- Nonstandard spelling of sè.
Usage notes edit
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Middle Dutch edit
Pronoun edit
se
- accusative of si (“they”)
Middle English edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old English swē, swǣ, variants of swā (“so”). More at so.
Adverb edit
se
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
se
- Alternative form of see (“sea”)
Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
se
- Alternative form of see (“see”)
Etymology 4 edit
Pronoun edit
se
- Alternative form of sche
Middle French edit
Etymology edit
From Old French se, from Latin sē.
Pronoun edit
se
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct object pronoun.
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal indirect object pronoun.
- to himself
- to herself
- to oneself
- to itself
- to themselves
- to each other
- ils se donnerent bataille ― they gave each other battle (they gave battle to each other)
Usage notes edit
- Whether to translate as himself, herself, oneself, itself, themselves or each other depends on the gender (male, female or none) and number (singular or plural).
- Usually becomes s' before a vowel. In older manuscripts, it becomes s- with no apostrophe.
Descendants edit
- French: se
Middle Low German edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.
Pronunciation edit
- Stem vowel: ê⁴
Pronoun edit
sê
- (third person singular female nominative) she
- her (accusative of sê)
- (third person plural nominative) they
- them (accusative of sê)
Declension edit
See Template:gml-perpron for declension.
Descendants edit
Mpade edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Central Chadic *sa, from Proto-Chadic *sa. Cognate with Matal sa (“to drink”).
Verb edit
se
- to drink
References edit
- S. Allison, Makary Kotoko Provisional Lexicon (SIL)
- R.C. Gravina, The Phonology of Proto-Central Chadic
Neapolitan edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
se
- reflexive third person pronoun: oneself, himself, itself, herself, themselves etc.
References edit
- AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 80: “si chiama” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
Nheengatu edit
Etymology edit
From Old Tupi xe. Cognate with Guaraní che.
Pronunciation edit
- Hyphenation: se
- Rhymes: -e
Pronoun edit
se
- (second-class) first-person singular personal pronoun (I, me, my)
- Se akanhemu aikú nhaãsé se kirá aikú.
- I am scared because I am fat.
- Aé uputari upitá se irũmu.
- He wants to stay with me.
- Se manha uwiké uka pisasú upé.
- My mother enters the new house.
Usage notes edit
- As a second-class pronoun, se is used as the subject of a sentence when its verb is a second-class one (those verbs are sometimes referred to as adjectives). The personal pronoun se is also used when governed by any postposition with the exception of arama and supé. Finally, se is used as a possessive pronoun as well.
See also edit
singular | first-class pronoun | second-class pronoun |
---|---|---|
first-person | ixé | se |
second-person | indé | ne |
third-person | aé | i |
plural | first-class pronoun | second-class pronoun |
first-person | yandé | yané |
second-person | penhẽ | pe |
third-person | aintá (or tá) | aintá (or tá) |
References edit
- ÁVILA, Marcel Twardowsky (2021) Proposta de dicionário nheengatu–português, page 688
- NAVARRO, Eduardo de Almeida (2016) Curso de língua geral (nheengatu ou tupi moderno): a língua das origens da civilização amazônica, 2nd edition, →ISBN, pages 11 and 108
North Frisian edit
Etymology edit
From Old Frisian siā, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
se (present se, 2nd singular sjochst, 3rd singular sjocht, past saag, perfect sen)
Northern Kurdish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Iranian *cwā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.
Noun edit
Central Kurdish | سەگ (seg) |
---|
se m
Synonyms edit
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology edit
From Danish se, from Old Norse sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
se (imperative se, present tense ser, passive ses or sees, simple past så, past participle sett, present participle seende)
- to see (perceive with the eyes).
Derived terms edit
References edit
- “se” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Old English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *siz, replacing earlier *sā, from Proto-Germanic *sa.
Pronunciation edit
Article edit
sē
- the
- sē mōna ― the moon
- sēo sunne ― the sun
- þæt seofonstierre ― the Pleiades
- þā steorran ― the stars
Determiner edit
sē
- that
- Sele mē þone hamor.
- Give me that hammer.
Pronoun edit
sē
- that
- Hē fōr hām, and æfter þām ne ġeseah iċ hine nǣfre mā.
- He went home, and after that I never saw him again.
- the one / that one
- Iċ eom sē þe cnocaþ.
- I am the one who knocks.
- Hēo nis sēo þe þū oferreċċan þearft.
- She's not the one you need to convince.
- Rǣtst þū nū þās bōc oþþe þā?
- Are you reading this book right now or that one?
- Hwæðer is þīn, þē þæt swearte hors þē þæt hwīte?
- Which one is yours, the black horse or the white one?
- (relative) that, who, what
- Ne biþ eall þæt glitnaþ nā gold.
- Not everything that glitters is gold.
Usage notes edit
- The word "the" was used somewhat more sparingly in Old English than in the modern language. One reason is, English had only recently developed a word for "the" (sē previously only meant "that"), leaving many nouns and phrases which had a definite meaning but which people continued to use without a definite article out of custom. Examples of words which usually went without the word "the" include:
- Names of peoples, such as Engle (“the Angles”), Seaxan (“the Saxons”), and Crēcas (“the Greeks”). Ġelīefst þū þæt Dene magon bēon oferswīðde? (“Do you believe the Danes can be defeated?”).
- All river names. On Temese flēat ān sċip (“A boat was floating on the Thames”).
- A few nouns denoting types of locations, namely sǣ (“the sea”), wudu (“the woods”), and eorþe (“the ground”). Þū fēolle on eorðan and slōge þīn hēafod (“You fell on the ground and hit your head”). Note that eorþe was often used with a definite article when it meant "the Earth."
- "the world," whether expressed with weorold or middanġeard. Iċ eom æt hām on ealre weorolde, þǣr þǣr sind wolcnu and fuglas and mennisċe tēaras (“I feel at home in the whole world, where there are clouds and birds and human tears”).
- A couple of abstract concepts, namely sōþ (“the truth”) and ǣ (“the law”). Iċ seċġe ēow sōþ, þæt iċ swerie (“I'm telling you the truth, I swear”).
- Dryhten (“the Lord”).
- morgen (“the morning”) and ǣfen (“the evening”). Iċ ārās on lætne morgen and ēode niðer (“I got up late in the morning and went downstairs”).
- The four seasons, lengten (“spring”), sumor (“summer”), hærfest (“fall”), and winter (“winter”). On sumore hit biþ wearm and on wintra ċeald (“In the summer it's warm and in the winter it's cold”).
- forþġewitennes (“the past”), andweardnes (“the present”), and tōweardnes (“the future”). Þā þe forðġewitennesse ġemunan ne magon, hīe bēoþ ġeniðrode hīe tō ġeedlǣċenne (“Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it”).
- forma sīþ (“the first time”), ōþer sīþ (“the second time”), etc. Hwæt þōhtest þū þā þū mē forman sīðe ġemēttest? (“What did you think when you met me for the first time?”).
- þīestra (“the dark”). Iċ āwēox, ac iċ nǣfre ne ġeswāc mē þīestra tō ondrǣdenne (“I grew up, but I never stopped being scared of the dark”).
- Genitive phrases could include the word "the" before the head noun, but most often did not. Instead, genitive phrases were commonly formed like possessive phrases in modern English, with the genitive noun preceding the head noun ("John's car," not "the car of John"). Thus “the fall of Rome” was Rōme hryre, literally “Rome's fall,” and “the god of fire” was fȳres god, literally “fire's god.”
Declension edit
Quotations edit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.
Descendants edit
Old French edit
Etymology 1 edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronoun edit
se m or f (invariable)
- himself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- herself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- itself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- oneself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- themselves (reflexive direct and indirect third-person plural pronoun)
Descendants edit
- French: se
Etymology 2 edit
Conjunction edit
se
Descendants edit
- French: si
Old Frisian edit
Pronoun edit
se
Old Irish edit
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
se
- Alternative form of so used after palatalized consonants and front vowels
Old Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
se
- Alternative form of z
Old Saxon edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *sa.
Pronunciation edit
Article edit
sē m (demonstrative)
- definite article: the
- sē māno ― the moon
- demonstrative adjective: that, those
- Hē gaf thē gift. ― He gave that gift.
Declension edit
Old Swedish edit
Verb edit
se
Ometepec Nahuatl edit
Adjective edit
se
- one.
Pennsylvania German edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
se
Declension edit
singular | plural | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person familiar |
2nd person polite/formal |
3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
m | f | n | |||||||
nominative | ich | du de1 |
dihr der1 Sie |
er | sie se1 |
es | mir mer1 |
dihr der1 |
sie |
dative | mir mer1 |
dir der1 |
eich Ihne Ne1 |
ihm em1 |
ihre re1 |
ihm em1 |
uns | eich | ihne ne1 |
accusative | mich | dich | eich Sie |
ihn en1 |
sie se1 |
es | sie |
1unstressed
Phalura edit
Etymology 1 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)
- the
- that (agr: rem fem / rem non-nom masc)
References edit
- Liljegren, Henrik, Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[8], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 2 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)
- the
- those (agr: rem)
References edit
- Liljegren, Henrik, Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[9], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 3 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)
- it
- she (rem fem nom)
References edit
- Liljegren, Henrik, Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[10], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 4 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)
- they (rem nom)
References edit
Pilagá edit
Pronoun edit
se
- I
- se-take ― I want
References edit
- 2001, Alejandra Vidal, quoted in Subordination in Native South-American Languages
Pipil edit
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sē Ordinal : achtu Adverbial : seujti Distributive : sejsē ika | ||
Etymology edit
From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *sɨmayV. Compare Classical Nahuatl ce (“one”). Cognate with Hopi suukya' (“one”), Shoshone seme' (“one”), Cahuilla súplli (“one”), and O'odham hema (“one”).
Pronunciation edit
Numeral edit
sē
- one
- Nikneki semaya se
- I want only one
Article edit
sē
- a, indefinite article
- Tikitat se tekulut tik ne kwajkwawit
- We saw an owl in the trees
Pronoun edit
sē
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
se
- (colloquial, sometimes proscribed) (dative, weak form) oneself, myself, yourself, itself, etc.
- Synonym: sobie
- Daj se z tym spokój.
- Give it a break.
Further reading edit
- se in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese edit
Pronunciation edit
- Homophones: si (Brazil), cê (South Brazil)
- Hyphenation: se
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese sse, se, from Latin sē.
Pronoun edit
se m or f by sense
- third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun; himself; herself; itself; themselves
- Ela se viu no espelho.
- She saw herself in the mirror.
- (nonstandard, colloquial, Brazil) first-person singular reflexive pronoun; myself
- Synonym: (standard) me
- Eu se apresentei no teatro.
- I performed myself at the theater.
- third-person singular and plural reciprocal pronoun; each other; one another
- Quando eles se conheceram?
- When did they meet (each other)?
- (colloquial, nonstandard, Brazil) first-person plural reciprocal pronoun; each other; one another
- Synonym: (standard) nos
- Nós se beijámos.
- We kissed (each other).
- second-person singular and plural reflexive and reciprocal pronoun, when used with second-person pronouns other than tu and vós; yourself; yourselves
- E você se diz um professor!
- And you call yourself a teacher!
- impersonal pronominal verb; oneself
- Vive-se bem em Belém.
- One lives well in Belém.
- (literally, “Lives oneself well in Belém”)
- accessory, when it is used to embellish the verb without its omission impairing the understanding.
- "Vão-se os reis, mas as nações ficam."
- Kings go, but nations remain.
- particle of spontaneity, when it indicates that there was spontaneity in the action by its agent.
- Ele morreu-se.
- He died.
Usage notes edit
- When the verb precedes se, a hyphen must be used. In Portugal post-verb se is more common, while in Brazil it usually precedes the verb.
- (reflexive and reciprocal): Many verb senses take a reflexive pronoun by default; they are called pronominal verbs. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc. according to the subject.
- comunicar-se (com) ― to communicate (with)
- arrepender-se ― to repent
- Many ergative English verbs are translated by a bare verb for transitive usage and a pronominal one for intransitive:
- O professor acalmou os alunos.
- The teacher calmed the students down.
- O professor acalmou-se.
- The teacher calmed down.
Quotations edit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.
See also edit
See Template:Portuguese personal pronouns for further pronouns.
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese se, from Latin sī (“if”).
Alternative forms edit
Conjunction edit
se
- if (introduces a condition)
- Synonym: caso
- Antonyms: caso contrário, senão
- Se for sair, leve um guarda-chuva.
- If you go out, take an umbrella.
- Só começaremos se nos pagarem.
- We will only begin if they pay us.
- 2009, Maria Gadú, Altar particular:
- Se enfim, você um dia resolver mudar, tirar meu pobre coração do altar, me devolver como se deve ser.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2007, J. K. Rowling, Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte, Rocco, page 317:
- Desculpe, acho que dá mais medo se for meia-noite!
- I'm sorry, I thought it would be more fearsome if it were midnight!
Quotations edit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.
Etymology 3 edit
Pronoun edit
se
Romagnol edit
Alternative forms edit
- s' (Apocopic)
Conjunction edit
se
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
se
Related terms edit
Romansch edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Adverb edit
se
Rwanda-Rundi edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *cé.
Noun edit
sé class 1a (plural bāsé class 2a)
Samoan edit
Article edit
se
- a (singular indefinite article)
See also edit
Serbo-Croatian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Slavic *sę, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé.
Pronoun edit
se (Cyrillic spelling се)
- oneself (clitic form of reflexive pronoun)
- myself
- ourselves
- thyself (archaic)
- yourself, yourselves
- himself, herself, itself
- themselves
- (by extension, impersonal) Used to convey the meaning of the English passive voice in the third person where the impersonal subject does the verb unto itself
- Kako se zoveš? ― What's your name? (literally, “What do you call yourself?”)
- Kako se to kaže na španjolskom? ― How is that said in Spanish? / How do you say that in Spanish? (literally, “How does it say itself in Spanish?”)
- Ovdje se govori španjolski ― Spanish is spoken here (literally, “Spanish speaks itself here.”)
- Svjetska prvenstva se igraju ljeti. ― World Cups are played during the summer. (literally, “World Cups play themselves during the summer.”)
Declension edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Slavic *sь.
Particle edit
se (Cyrillic spelling се)
- (obsolete) this is; here is
- 1404, anonymous, Kočerin tablet, (Please provide the book title or journal name):
- се лежи вигань милошевиꙉь
- Here lies Viganj Milošević
Sicilian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Latin sīc. In the “yes” sense, from sīc (est). Doublet of sì.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
se
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Slovene edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *sę.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
se
- oneself: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself
- ourselves, yourselves, themselves
- Dummy pronoun to make a verb intransitive, reflexive, or for reflexive voice.
Inflection edit
Second masculine/first feminine/second neuter declension (a-stem), fixed accent, highly irregular Stressed ("naglasne") forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative imenovȃlnik |
– | – | – |
genitive rodȋlnik |
sébe | sébe | sébe |
dative dajȃlnik |
sébi | sébi | sébi |
accusative tožȋlnik |
sébe | sébe | sébe |
locative mẹ̑stnik |
sébi | sébi | sébi |
instrumental orọ̑dnik |
sȃbo, sebọ́j | sȃbo, sebọ́j | sȃbo, sebọ́j |
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) |
– | – | – |
Unstressed ("naslonske") forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | |
genitive rodȋlnik |
se | se | se |
dative dajȃlnik |
si | si | si |
accusative tožȋlnik |
se | se | se |
Binding ("navezne / predložne") accusative forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | |
unstressed | -se | -se | -se |
stressed | sẹ̑ | sẹ̑ | sẹ̑ |
See also edit
Further reading edit
- “se”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
- “se”, in Termania, Amebis
- See also the general references
Spanish edit
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /se/ [se]
Audio (Colombia): (file) - Rhymes: -e
- Syllabification: se
- Homophones: sé, (Latin America) ce
Etymology 1 edit
Pronoun edit
se m or f by sense (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)
- third person (also used for usted and ustedes) reflexive direct or indirect object oneself, himself, herself, itself, yourself; each other; one another
- Juan se lava. ― Juan washes himself.
- Juan se lava la cara. ― Juan washes his own face. (literally, “Juan to himself washes the face.”)
- Juan y María se aman. ― Juan and María love each other.
- used to convey the meaning of the English passive voice in the third person and with usted and ustedes
- ¿Cómo se llama? ― What is your name? (literally, “How do you call yourself?”)
- Se dice que... ― It is said that... (literally, “It says itself that...”)
- Aquí se habla español ― Spanish is spoken here / They speak Spanish here. (literally, “One speaks Spanish here, Spanish speaks itself here.”)
Usage notes edit
- (third person reflexive, also used for ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’): Se is used as a suffix with verbs in the infinitive and imperative.
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Spanish ge (from Latin illī, compare Portuguese lhe, Italian gli), whose pronunciation shifted from /ʒe/ to /ʃe/ in Early Modern Spanish, at which point it was reanalyzed as /se/ (rather than shifting to /xe/ as expected).
Alternative forms edit
Pronoun edit
se m or f by sense (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)
- used instead of indirect object pronouns le and les before the direct object pronouns lo, la, los, or las
- El samaritano se las dio. ― The Samaritan gave them to him.
See also edit
See Appendix:Spanish pronouns for an overview of Spanish pronouns and Template:es-personal pronouns for a pronoun table.
Etymology 3 edit
Verb edit
se (main verb saber)
- Misspelling of sé.
Further reading edit
- “se”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Sranan Tongo edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
se
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Swedish sēa, sē, sīa, from Old Norse séa, sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną. Final -g of the past tense form added under influence of the Old Swedish plural form sāgho.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
se (present ser, preterite såg, supine sett, imperative se)
- to see (not be blind)
- Han sa att han var blind, men han kan se
- He said he was blind, but he can see
- to look
- 1888, August Strindberg, Fröken Julie[12]:
- Tvärtom, fröken Julie, som ni ser har jag skyndat uppsöka min övergivna!
- Quite the opposite, miss Julie, as you can see I have rushed to find my abandoned one!
- 1915, John Wahlborg, Stjärnbanér i blågult[13]:
- Vad jag sett och hört och känt har helt enkelt överväldigat mig.
- What I have seen and heard and felt has quite simply overwhelmed me.
- to see; to understand
- to see, to visualize; to form a mental picture of
Usage notes edit
"Jag ser" for "I see" as in "I understand" does not work in (sense 3). See the synonyms instead.
Conjugation edit
Active | Passive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | se | ses | ||
Supine | sett | setts | ||
Imperative | se | — | ||
Imper. plural1 | sen | — | ||
Present | Past | Present | Past | |
Indicative | ser | såg | ses | sågs |
Ind. plural1 | se | sågo | ses | sågos |
Subjunctive2 | se | såge | ses | såges |
Participles | ||||
Present participle | seende | |||
Past participle | sedd | |||
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. |
Hypernyms edit
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
See also edit
Anagrams edit
Tagalog edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈse/, [ˈsɛ]
- Rhymes: -e
Etymology 1 edit
See ce.
Noun edit
se (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ)
- (historical) Alternative form of ce
Etymology 2 edit
See che.
Noun edit
se (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ)
- (historical) Alternative form of che
Talysh edit
Etymology edit
Cognate with Persian سه (seh).
Numeral edit
se
Tarantino edit
Pronoun edit
se (impersonal, reflexive)
Ternate edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
se (Jawi سي)
Usage notes edit
Se is only used when the referent is human. For non-human referents, toma is used instead.
Alternative forms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
se (Jawi سي)
- associative preposition: with
- ngori totagi butu se ngori rinongoru ― I go to the market with my younger sibling
- instrumental preposition: with, by, using
- tabu se usipera ― fire the gun (literally, “to shoot with the gun”)
Usage notes edit
Generally, when se takes a human referent, it is associative, and when se takes a non-human referent, it is instrumental, although exceptions do exist.
Alternative forms edit
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
se (Jawi سي)
- and
- tohida riyaya se ribaba ― I see my mother and my father
- forms compound numbers
- bobato nyagimoi se tofkange ― the (council of) eighteen bobatos (literally, “the ten and eight bobatos”)
References edit
- Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Tocharian A edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Indo-European *suHyús. Cognate with Tocharian B soy, Old Armenian ուստր (ustr) and Ancient Greek υἱύς (huiús).
Noun edit
se m
See also edit
Tocharian B edit
Pronoun edit
se
- Alternative form of kᵤse (“who, which”) (colloquial)
Turkish edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
se
- The name of the Latin-script letter S.
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
se
- Letter of the Arabic alphabet: ث
Tuvaluan edit
Article edit
se (indefinite article)
Veps edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.
Pronoun edit
se
Inflection edit
See Template:vep-decl-se for inflection.
Determiner edit
se
- that (far)
Inflection edit
See Template:vep-decl-se for inflection.
Derived terms edit
References edit
Vietnamese edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [sɛ˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʂɛ˧˧] ~ [sɛ˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʂɛ˧˧] ~ [sɛ˧˧]
Verb edit
se
References edit
- “se”, in Soha Tra Từ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Vietnam Communications Corporation. Available under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike license.
Volapük edit
Preposition edit
se
Votic edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
se
- Alternative form of see
Welsh edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
se (not mutable)
- Contraction of basai.
West Frisian edit
Pronoun edit
se
- Alternative form of sy (“she”)
Pronoun edit
se
- Alternative form of sy (“they”)
Wutunhua edit
Pronunciation edit
40 | ||
← 3 | 4 | 5 → |
---|---|---|
Cardinal: se Ordinal: di-se, xxewa |
Etymology 1 edit
Numeral edit
se
Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
se
- to die
- rolang sho-de je da nga-n-de mula ren se-gu-la diando rolang qhe-lai-li sho-de gu-li.
- As for this thing called ro-langs [type of Tibetan zombie], it is said that if a person among us dies, there will appear a ro-langs instead.
References edit
- Juha Janhunen, Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008) Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume 466, LINCOM Europa, →ISBN
- Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun[15], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN
Yoruba edit
Etymology 1 edit
Proposed to be derived from Proto-Yoruboid *sì, compare with Igala hì, Igbo si
Alternative forms edit
- hè (Ìkálẹ̀)
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
sè
- (transitive) to cook
- Ó se ọbẹ̀ ilá. ― He cooked okra soup.
- (transitive) to boil
- Mi ò mọ ẹyin ín sè. ― I don't know how to boil eggs.
Usage notes edit
- When to cook is intransitive use dáná.
- (to boil): When referring to leafy vegetables or meat use bọ̀, when referring to water use hó.
Derived terms edit
- oúnjẹ sísè (“cooking”)
- sísè (“cooked, cooking”)
- àsè (“banquet”)
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
sé
- (transitive) to block; to shut
- Wọ́n sé fèrèsé náà. ― They blocked that window.
- (transitive) to miss
- Òkúta tí ó jù sé ihò. ― The rock she threw missed the hole.
Derived terms edit
Zazaki edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Conjunction edit
se
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Iranian *číš (“what”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷís (“who, what, which, that”).
Adverb edit
se
Etymology 3 edit
Numeral edit
se
- Alternative form of sed