vindico

See also: vindicó

Catalan edit

Verb edit

vindico

first-person singular present indicative of vindicar

Latin edit

Etymology edit

From vindex (“defender, protector”), from dīcō (“say; declare, state”).

Pronunciation edit

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈu̯in.di.koː/, [ˈu̯ɪn̪d̪ɪkoː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈvin.di.ko/, [ˈvin̪d̪iko]

Verb edit

vindicō (present infinitive vindicāre, perfect active vindicāvī, supine vindicātum); first conjugation

to avenge, vindicate, claim, punish
Synonyms: pūniō, ulciscor
to liberate, deliver, spare, rescue
Synonyms: līberō, eximō, absolvō, excipiō, exuō, servō, prīvō

Antonyms: refrēnō, coerceō, saepiō, officiō, obstō, comprimō, impediō, arceō, supprimō
to protect someone from. (coupled with a, ab, e, ex + ablative)
Synonyms: salvō, tūtor, cū̆stōdiō, sospitō, teneō, adimō, prōtegō, tegō, dēfendō, sustineō, adsum, tueor, ēripiō, arceō, servō, prohibeō

Antonyms: immineō, īnstō, obiectō
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.4:
  Nec dii nec homines [...] ipsam [...] a crudelitate regia vindicant
  Nor gods nor men protect him from the royal cruelty

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of vindicō (first conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
indicative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	vindicō	vindicās	vindicat	vindicāmus	vindicātis	vindicant
	imperfect	vindicābam	vindicābās	vindicābat	vindicābāmus	vindicābātis	vindicābant
	future	vindicābō	vindicābis	vindicābit	vindicābimus	vindicābitis	vindicābunt
	perfect	vindicāvī	vindicāvistī	vindicāvit	vindicāvimus	vindicāvistis	vindicāvērunt, vindicāvēre
	pluperfect	vindicāveram	vindicāverās	vindicāverat	vindicāverāmus	vindicāverātis	vindicāverant
	future perfect	vindicāverō	vindicāveris	vindicāverit	vindicāverimus	vindicāveritis	vindicāverint
passive	present	vindicor	vindicāris, vindicāre	vindicātur	vindicāmur	vindicāminī	vindicantur
	imperfect	vindicābar	vindicābāris, vindicābāre	vindicābātur	vindicābāmur	vindicābāminī	vindicābantur
	future	vindicābor	vindicāberis, vindicābere	vindicābitur	vindicābimur	vindicābiminī	vindicābuntur
	perfect	vindicātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	vindicātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	vindicātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
subjunctive		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	vindicem	vindicēs	vindicet	vindicēmus	vindicētis	vindicent
	imperfect	vindicārem	vindicārēs	vindicāret	vindicārēmus	vindicārētis	vindicārent
	perfect	vindicāverim	vindicāverīs	vindicāverit	vindicāverīmus	vindicāverītis	vindicāverint
	pluperfect	vindicāvissem	vindicāvissēs	vindicāvisset	vindicāvissēmus	vindicāvissētis	vindicāvissent
passive	present	vindicer	vindicēris, vindicēre	vindicētur	vindicēmur	vindicēminī	vindicentur
	imperfect	vindicārer	vindicārēris, vindicārēre	vindicārētur	vindicārēmur	vindicārēminī	vindicārentur
	perfect	vindicātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	vindicātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
imperative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	vindicā	—	—	vindicāte	—
active	future	—	vindicātō	vindicātō	—	vindicātōte	vindicantō
passive	present	—	vindicāre	—	—	vindicāminī	—
passive	future	—	vindicātor	vindicātor	—	—	vindicantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
non-finite forms		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		vindicāre	vindicāvisse	vindicātūrum esse	vindicārī	vindicātum esse	vindicātum īrī
participles		vindicāns	—	vindicātūrus	—	vindicātus	vindicandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		vindicandī	vindicandō	vindicandum	vindicandō	vindicātum	vindicātū

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Balkan Romance:
- Aromanian: vindic, vindicari
- Romanian: vindeca, vindecare
Italo-Romance:
- Italian: vendicare
  - → Friulian: svindicâ
  - → Ligurian: vendicâ
  - → Lombard: vendicà
  - → Piedmontese: vendiché
- Sicilian: vinnicari, minnicari
Padanian:
- Venetian: vendegar
- Old Lombard: svengiare
- Piedmontese: vengé
- >? Romansch: vinschar, vinditgar
Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Old French: venchier, vengier
  - French: venger
  - → English: avenge
Southern Gallo-Romance:
- Catalan: venjar
- Old Occitan: venjar
  - Occitan: venjar
    Languedocien: vengar
Ibero-Romance:
- Old Galician-Portuguese: vingar
  - Galician: vingar
  - Portuguese: vingar
- Spanish: vengar
Borrowings:
- → Catalan: vindicar
- → English: vindicate
- → German: vindizieren
- → Portuguese: vindicar
- → Spanish: vindicar
- → Venetian: vendicar

References edit

“vindico”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“vindico”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
vindico in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to rescue from destruction: ab exitio, ab interitu aliquem vindicare
- to rescue from oblivion: aliquid ab oblivione vindicare
- to deliver the state from a tyranny: rem publicam in libertatem vindicare a or ex dominatione
Dizionario Latino-Italiano, Olivetti

Spanish edit

Verb edit

vindico

first-person singular present indicative of vindicar