vodka
English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Russian во́дка (vódka), from вода́ (vodá, “water”) + -ка (-ka, “-let: forming diminutives”). The archaic Russian name for vodka was хле́бное вино́ (xlébnoje vinó, “grain wine”); V. Pokhlyobkin's research suggests the present name derived from expressions concerning the dilution of the initial pure distilled spirit such as "vodka of grain wine".
Cognates include Sanskrit उदक (udaka), Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) → English hydro-, English whisky and English water.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
vodka (countable and uncountable, plural vodkas)
- A clear distilled alcoholic liquor made from grain mash.
- 1932, Maurice Baring, chapter 20, in Friday's Business[2]:
- Eurydice pointed to the cupboard, and sat down on the low divan with folded hands, and looked at the floor. She was quite white. Elsa made her drink a glass of vodka.
- A serving of the above beverage.
- 1986, Marc Polonsky, Russell Taylor, USSR, From an Original Idea by Karl Marx, Faber and Faber, →ISBN:
- You should mutter sullenly into your glass, cursing the serving woman (Witch! Hag! Poison!) or the vodka (Poison! Bitch!), as the one pours you another glass of the other.
- (US standards of identity) Neutral spirits distilled (or treated after distillation) so as to have no distinctive character, aroma, taste, or color.
- (countable, military slang, ethnic slur) A Russian.[1]
- (uncountable, military slang) Russian language.[1]
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Translations edit
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References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lighter, Jonathan (1972) “The Slang of the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe, 1917-1919: An Historical Glossary”, in American Speech[1], volume 47, number 1/2, page 114
Further reading edit
Cornish edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
vodka f (plural vodkas)
References edit
- Cornish-English Dictionary from Maga's Online Dictionary
- Akademi Kernewek Gerlyver Kernewek (FSS) Cornish Dictionary (SWF) (in Cornish), 2018, published 2018, page 190
- vodka in the Alternative Cornish Dictionary
Czech edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Russian во́дка (vódka). By surface analysis, voda + -ka.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
vodka f (related adjective vodkový)
Declension edit
Further reading edit
Danish edit
Etymology edit
From Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).
Noun edit
vodka
Declension edit
common gender |
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | vodka | vodkaen | vodkaer | vodkaerne |
genitive | vodkas | vodkaens | vodkaers | vodkaernes |
Finnish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
vodka
Declension edit
Inflection of vodka (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | vodka | vodkat | ||
genitive | vodkan | vodkien | ||
partitive | vodkaa | vodkia | ||
illative | vodkaan | vodkiin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | vodka | vodkat | ||
accusative | nom. | vodka | vodkat | |
gen. | vodkan | |||
genitive | vodkan | vodkien vodkainrare | ||
partitive | vodkaa | vodkia | ||
inessive | vodkassa | vodkissa | ||
elative | vodkasta | vodkista | ||
illative | vodkaan | vodkiin | ||
adessive | vodkalla | vodkilla | ||
ablative | vodkalta | vodkilta | ||
allative | vodkalle | vodkille | ||
essive | vodkana | vodkina | ||
translative | vodkaksi | vodkiksi | ||
abessive | vodkatta | vodkitta | ||
instructive | — | vodkin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “vodka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][3] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04
French edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
vodka f (plural vodkas)
Further reading edit
- “vodka”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
From Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
vodka (plural vodkák)
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | vodka | vodkák |
accusative | vodkát | vodkákat |
dative | vodkának | vodkáknak |
instrumental | vodkával | vodkákkal |
causal-final | vodkáért | vodkákért |
translative | vodkává | vodkákká |
terminative | vodkáig | vodkákig |
essive-formal | vodkaként | vodkákként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | vodkában | vodkákban |
superessive | vodkán | vodkákon |
adessive | vodkánál | vodkáknál |
illative | vodkába | vodkákba |
sublative | vodkára | vodkákra |
allative | vodkához | vodkákhoz |
elative | vodkából | vodkákból |
delative | vodkáról | vodkákról |
ablative | vodkától | vodkáktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
vodkáé | vodkáké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
vodkáéi | vodkákéi |
Possessive forms of vodka | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | vodkám | vodkáim |
2nd person sing. | vodkád | vodkáid |
3rd person sing. | vodkája | vodkái |
1st person plural | vodkánk | vodkáink |
2nd person plural | vodkátok | vodkáitok |
3rd person plural | vodkájuk | vodkáik |
Further reading edit
- vodka in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Icelandic edit
Etymology edit
From Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
vodka n (genitive singular vodka, no plural)
Declension edit
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Indonesian edit
Noun edit
vodka (first-person possessive vodkaku, second-person possessive vodkamu, third-person possessive vodkanya)
Alternative forms edit
Italian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
vodka f (invariable)
Norman edit
Etymology edit
From English vodka, from Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).
Noun edit
vodka m (plural vodkas)
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology edit
From Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
vodka m (definite singular vodkaen)
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology edit
From Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).
Noun edit
vodka m (definite singular vodkaen)
Portuguese edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
vodka f (plural vodkas)
Slovak edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vodъka, equivalent to voda (“water”) + -ka (diminutive suffix).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
vodka f (genitive singular vodky, nominative plural vodky, genitive plural vodiek, declension pattern of žena)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “vodka”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Spanish edit
Alternative forms edit
- vodca (rare)
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Russian во́дка (vódka, literally “little water”), a diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
vodka m or f (plural vodkas)
Usage notes edit
Vodka is usually treated as a masculine noun, but feminine noun usage is permitted per its etymology.
Further reading edit
- “vodka”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- “vodka” in Diccionario panhispánico de dudas, segunda edición, Real Academia Española, 2023. →ISBN
Swedish edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
vodka c
Declension edit
Declension of vodka | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | vodka | vodkan | vodkor | vodkorna |
Genitive | vodkas | vodkans | vodkors | vodkornas |