Swahili edit

Pronunciation edit

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Verb edit

-wa na (infinitive kuwa na)

  1. to have
    ninaloI have it
    • 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi[1], translation from R. Allen (1946) “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, in African Studies, volume 5, number 4, →DOI, pages 243–249, stanza 12:
      هُيُوِ دُنِيَ اِيْنَ غُرُرِ ، دِيَ زَتَتَسِ هُزَدَمَيِْ،
      Huyui dunia ina ghururi? ndia za-tatasi huzandamaye?
      This world is deceitful, why follow its ways?

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of -wa na (irregular)
Gnomic -na
Subjunctive -we na
Negative -na
Imperative singular kuwa na
Infinitives
Positive kuwa na
Negative kutokuwa na
Imperatives
Singular kuwa na
Plural kuweni na
Tensed forms
Habitual huwa na
Positive past positive subject concord + -likuwa na
Negative past negative subject concord + -kuwa na
Positive present (positive subject concord + -na + (object concord))
Singular Plural
1st person nina tuna
2nd person una mna
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ana wana
m-mi(III/IV) una ina
ji-ma(V/VI) lina yana
ki-vi(VII/VIII) kina vina
n(IX/X) ina zina
u(XI) una see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kuna
pa(XVI) pana
mu(XVIII) muna
Negative present (negative subject concord + -na + (object concord))
Singular Plural
1st person sina hatuna
2nd person huna hamna
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hana hawana
pa(XVI) hapana
ku(XVII) hakuna
mu(XVIII) hamuna
other classes negative subject concord + -na
Positive future positive subject concord + -takuwa na
Negative future negative subject concord + -takuwa na
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -we na)
Singular Plural
1st person niwe na tuwe na
2nd person uwe na muwe na
3rd person m-wa(I/II) awe na wawe na
pa(XVI) pawe na
ku(XVII) kuwe na
mu(XVIII) muwe na
other classes positive subject concord + -we na
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -siwe na
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekuwa na
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekuwa na
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikuwa na
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikuwa na
Gnomic see positive present
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekuwa na
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshakuwa na
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jawa na
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kiwa na
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipokuwa na
Consecutive kawa na / positive subject concord + -kawa na
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kawe na
Object concord (conjugation of -wa + na- + object concord in relative form)
Singular Plural
1st person nami/na mimi nasi/na sisi
2nd person nawe/na wewe nanyi/na ninyi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) naye/na yeye nao/na wao
m-mi(III/IV) nao nayo
ji-ma(V/VI) nalo nayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) nacho navyo
n(IX/X) nayo nazo
u(XI) nao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) nako
pa(XVI) napo
mu(XVIII) namo
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + -li- + relative marker + na + (object concord))
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -liye na -lio na
m-mi(III/IV) -lio na -liyo na
ji-ma(V/VI) -lilo na -liyo na
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -licho na -livyo na
n(IX/X) -liyo na -lizo na
u(XI) -lio na see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -liko na
pa(XVI) -lipo na
mu(XVIII) -limo na
General negative (positive subject concord + -si- + relative marker + na + (object concord))
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -siye na -sio na
m-mi(III/IV) -sio na -siyo na
ji-ma(V/VI) -silo na -siyo na
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -sicho na -sivyo na
n(IX/X) -siyo na -sizo na
u(XI) -sio na see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -siko na
pa(XVI) -sipo na
mu(XVIII) -simo na
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker[sw-conj 1] + relative marker + -kuwa na + (object concord))
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yekuwa na -okuwa na
m-mi(III/IV) -okuwa na -yokuwa na
ji-ma(V/VI) -lokuwa na -yokuwa na
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokuwa na -vyokuwa na
n(IX/X) -yokuwa na -zokuwa na
u(XI) -okuwa na see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kokuwa na
pa(XVI) -pokuwa na
mu(XVIII) -mokuwa na
  1. ^ Only past tense -li- or future tense -taka-. For the present, use general positive.
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.