šdj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ʃɛdi/
  • Conventional anglicization: shedi

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (transitive) to recite, to read (aloud)
   • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) line 2.6:

     wn.jn.sn ḥr šdt st mj ntt m zẖꜣ

     So then they were reading it as it was in writing.

Inflection

Conjugation of šdj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: šd, geminated stem: šdd

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
šdt, šdj	šdw, šd	šdt, šdwt, šdyt	šd	šd, šdy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
šd8, šdd8	ḥr šdt, ḥr šdj	m šdt, m šdj	r šdt, r šdj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	šd.n	šdw, šd, šdy	consecutive	šd.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	šdt, šdyt
perfective3	šd	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	šd.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	šd, šdy	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	šdw, šd, šdy	šdw, šd, šdy	potentialis1	šd.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	šd, šdy	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	šd.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	šdw1, šdy, šd	active + .tj1, .tw2	šd	šdy, šd
imperfective	šdd, šddy, šddw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	šdd, šddj6, šddy6	šdd, šddw5
prospective	šdw1, šdy, šd, šdtj7	—	šdwtj1 4, šdtj4, šdt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (transitive) to dig out
2. (transitive) to dredge (a canal)
3. (transitive) to cut out, to carve out
4. (transitive) to remove, take away
5. (transitive) to take along
6. (transitive) to rescue

Inflection

Conjugation of šdj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: šd, geminated stem: šdd

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
šdt, šdj	šdw, šd	šdt, šdwt, šdyt	šd	šd, šdy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
šd8, šdd8	ḥr šdt, ḥr šdj	m šdt, m šdj	r šdt, r šdj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	šd.n	šdw, šd, šdy	consecutive	šd.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	šdt, šdyt
perfective3	šd	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	šd.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	šd, šdy	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	šdw, šd, šdy	šdw, šd, šdy	potentialis1	šd.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	šd, šdy	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	šd.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	šdw1, šdy, šd	active + .tj1, .tw2	šd	šdy, šd
imperfective	šdd, šddy, šddw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	šdd, šddj6, šddy6	šdd, šddw5
prospective	šdw1, šdy, šd, šdtj7	—	šdwtj1 4, šdtj4, šdt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of šdj  

šdj	šdj	šdj

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (transitive) to suckle
2. (transitive) to educate

Inflection

Conjugation of šdj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: šd, geminated stem: šdd

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
šdt, šdj	šdw, šd	šdt, šdwt, šdyt	šd	šd, šdy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
šd8, šdd8	ḥr šdt, ḥr šdj	m šdt, m šdj	r šdt, r šdj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	šd.n	šdw, šd, šdy	consecutive	šd.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	šdt, šdyt
perfective3	šd	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	šd.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	šd, šdy	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	šdw, šd, šdy	šdw, šd, šdy	potentialis1	šd.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	šd, šdy	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	šd.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	šdw1, šdy, šd	active + .tj1, .tw2	šd	šdy, šd
imperfective	šdd, šddy, šddw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	šdd, šddj6, šddy6	šdd, šddw5
prospective	šdw1, šdy, šd, šdtj7	—	šdwtj1 4, šdtj4, šdt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 162, 256, 267, 284, 339.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 147