πηγαίνω
Greek edit
Alternative forms edit
- πάω (páo) — in the literal sense "to go"
- παγαίνω (pagaíno), πααίνω (paaíno), πηαίνω (piaíno) — only idiomatic or literature[1]
Etymology edit
From Ancient Greek ὑπάγω (hupágō, “bring under”) in its Hellenistic sense "go", through its imperfect tense ὑπῆγον (hupêgon) > mediaeval ὑπῆγα (hupêga) which was wrongly analysed as ὑ- + πῆγα (instead of ὑπ- +) and a formation of a new mediaeval present tense + -αίνω (-aínō), πηγαίνω (pēgaínō), in the familiar pattern of aorist - present like ἔμαθα (ématha) - μαθαίνω (mathaíno, “learn”). The form πάω (páo), with silenced [ɣ] for <γ> of mediaeval ὑπάγω.[2][3]
Also see the imperative άμε! (áme!), parallel form of πήγαινε! (pígaine!) and the mediaeval types ὑπαγαίνω (hupagaínō), ἀπηγαίνω (apēgaínō).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
πηγαίνω • (pigaíno) (imperfect πήγαινα, past πήγα, passive —)
- to go
Conjugation edit
πηγαίνω / πάω (active forms only)
| Active voice ➤ | ||||
| Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | ||
| Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | ||
| 1 sg | πηγαίνω / πάω | πάω | ||
| 2 sg | πηγαίνεις / πας | πας | ||
| 3 sg | πηγαίνει / πάει | πάει | ||
| 1 pl | πηγαίνουμε, [-ομε] / πάμε | πάμε | ||
| 2 pl | πηγαίνετε / πάτε | πάτε | ||
| 3 pl | πηγαίνουν(ε) / πάνε, παν | πάνε, παν | ||
| Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | ||
| 1 sg | πήγαινα | πήγα | ||
| 2 sg | πήγαινες | πήγες | ||
| 3 sg | πήγαινε | πήγε | ||
| 1 pl | πηγαίναμε | πήγαμε | ||
| 2 pl | πηγαίνατε | πήγατε | ||
| 3 pl | πήγαιναν, πηγαίναν(ε) | πήγαν(ε) | ||
| Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | ||
| 1 sg | θα πηγαίνω1 ➤ | θα πάω ➤ | ||
| 2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα πηγαίνεις, | θα πας, … | ||
| Perfect aspect ➤ | ||||
| Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … πάει | |||
| Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … πάει | |||
| Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … πάει | |||
| Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
| Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | ||
| 2 sg | πήγαινε | πήγαινε, [πάνε, άμε]2 | ||
| 2 pl | πηγαίνετε | πηγαίνετε, πηγαίντε / πάτε, [άμετε]2 | ||
| Other forms | ||||
| Active present participle ➤ | πηγαίνοντας ➤ | |||
| Active perfect participle ➤ | έχοντας πάει ➤ | |||
| Passive perfect participle ➤ | 3 ➤ | |||
| Nonfinite form ➤ | πάει | |||
| Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
1. Only the -αίνω forms for Continuous Future. 2. Vernacular. 3. Vernacular forms πηγαιμένος or πηγεμένος, "who has gone". • (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Antonyms edit
- έρχομαι (érchomai, “I come”)
Related terms edit
Compounds
- ξαναπηγαίνω (xanapigaíno) / ξαναπάω (xanapáo, “I go again”)
- παραπάω (parapáo) / παραπηγαίνω (parapigaíno, “I am excessive”)
- πηγαινέλα n (pigainéla, “literally: going and coming”)
- πηγαινοέρχομαι (pigainoérchomai) / πηγαινόρχομαι (pigainórchomai, “literally: go and come”)
- πρωτοπηγαίνω (protopigaíno) / πρωτοπάω (protopáo, “I go for the first time”)
References edit
- ^ πηγαίνω - Babiniotis, Georgios (2002) Λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας: […] (in Greek), 2nd edition, Athens: Kentro Lexikologias [Lexicology Centre], 1st edition 1998, →ISBN.
- ^ πηγαίνω - Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation.
- ^ πηγαίνω - Babiniotis, Georgios (2010) Ετυμολογικό λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας Etymologikó lexikó tis néas ellinikís glóssas (in Greek), Athens: Lexicology Centre