хем

Bulgarian

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish هم (häm, “and”), of Persian origin.

Cognate with:

• Native prefix съ- (sǎ-) / dial. су- (su-) (< Proto-Slavic *sǫ-), expressing affinity or connectedness.
• Greek borrowing хомо- (homo-) (< Ancient Greek ὁμός (homós)) in loanwords, expressing homogeneity.

Conjunction

хем • (hem)

1. Used for emphasized conjunction: and, also

   Synonyms: и (i), още (ošte)

   Накажи́ еди́ния, хем дру́гия! ― Nakaží edínija, hem drúgija! ― Punish that one and also the other!

   оби́чам сла́дко, хем соле́но ― obíčam sládko, hem soléno ― to like sweet [food] but also salty [food]

Alternative forms

• ем (em) — dialectal-colloquial, with silent x-

Derived terms

• хем ... хем ... (hem ... hem ...)

References

• “хем”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “хем”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Nayden Gerov, Тодор Панчев (1904) “*хемъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎^[1] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 496
• Krǎsteva, Vesela (2003) “хем”, in Тълковен речник на турцизмите в българския език [Explanatory Dictionary of Turkisms in the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Skorpio vi, page 217

Further reading

• Бояджиев, Тодор (1999) “3. Части на речта / 3.8. Съюз”, in Съвременен Български Език (in Bulgarian), София: Издателска къща "Петър Берон", →ISBN, page 357

Anagrams

• мех (meh)

Tuvan

Etymology

From Proto-Yeniseian *kVm. Compare Kott kem (“river”). Compare Tofa һем (hem). Compare Middle Mongol [Term?], Middle Chinese 謙 (*kʰem, “Yenisei”), and also Written Oirat ᡍᡄᡏ (kem).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [x̟e̞m]
• (Akkaba, Altay Prefecture) IPA^(key): [kʰe̞m]
• Hyphenation: хем

Noun

хем • (xem) (definite accusative хемни, plural хемнер)

1. river

Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

• Хем-Белдир (Xem-Beldir)

References

• river in The Data Collection, Recording, and Display Platform for the Chinese Language Resources Protection Project