hem
English Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
A sound uttered in imitation of clearing the throat (onomatopoeia)
Pronunciation Edit
- enPR: hĕm, IPA(key): /hɛm/
- (pin–pen merger) IPA(key): /hɪm/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɛm
- Homophone: him (pin-pen merger)
Interjection Edit
hem
- Used to fill in the gap of a pause with a vocalized sound.
Noun Edit
hem (plural hems)
- An utterance or sound of the voice like "hem", often indicative of hesitation or doubt, sometimes used to call attention.
- January 8, 1712', John Dryden, The Spectator No. 269
- his morning hems
- January 8, 1712', John Dryden, The Spectator No. 269
Verb Edit
hem (third-person singular simple present hems, present participle hemming, simple past and past participle hemmed)
- To make the sound expressed by the word hem; to hesitate in speaking.
- 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:
- Hem, and stroke thy beard.
Derived terms Edit
Translations Edit
See also Edit
Etymology 2 Edit
From Middle English hem, hemm, in turn from Old English hemm, of West Germanic origin, from Proto-West Germanic *hammjan. Related to Middle High German hemmen (“to hem in”), Old Norse hemja (“to hem in, restrain”); outside of Germanic, to Armenian քամել (kʿamel, “to press, wring”), Russian ком (kom, “lump”).
The verb is from Middle English hemmen, from Old English hemman, from Proto-Germanic *hamjaną, or alternatively derived from the noun.
Pronunciation Edit
- enPR: hĕm, IPA(key): /hɛm/
- (pin–pen merger) IPA(key): /hɪm/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɛm
- Homophone: him (pin-pen merger)
Noun Edit
hem (plural hems)
- (sewing) The border of an article of clothing doubled back and stitched together to finish the edge and prevent it from fraying.
- A rim or margin of something.
- c. 1605–1608, William Shakespeare, “The Life of Tymon of Athens”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iv]:
- Entombed upon the very hem o' th' sea
- In sheet metal design, a rim or edge folded back on itself to create a smooth edge and to increase strength or rigidity.
Derived terms Edit
Translations Edit
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Verb Edit
hem (third-person singular simple present hems, present participle hemming, simple past and past participle hemmed)
- (sewing, intransitive) To make a hem.
- (transitive) To put hem on an article of clothing, to edge or put a border on something.
- (transitive) To shut in, enclose, confine; to surround something or someone in a confining way.
- A small yard hemmed about by a tall hedge.
- 1862, John Williamson Palmer, Stonewall Jackson's Way :
- He’s in the saddle now. Fall in! Steady, the whole brigade! Hill’s at the ford, cut off — we’ll win his way out, ball and blade! What matter if our shoes are worn? What matter if our feet are torn? “Quick step! We’re with him before the morn!” That’s “Stonewall Jackson’s Way.”
The sun’s bright lances rout the mists of morning, and by George! Here’s Longstreet struggling in the lists, hemmed in an ugly gorge. Pope and his Yankees, whipped before, “Bay’nets and grape!” hear Stonewall roar; “Charge, Stuart! Pay off Ashby’s score!” in “Stonewall Jackson’s Way.
- He’s in the saddle now. Fall in! Steady, the whole brigade! Hill’s at the ford, cut off — we’ll win his way out, ball and blade! What matter if our shoes are worn? What matter if our feet are torn? “Quick step! We’re with him before the morn!” That’s “Stonewall Jackson’s Way.”
Derived terms Edit
Translations Edit
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Etymology 3 Edit
From Middle English hem, from Old English heom (“them”, dative), originally a dative plural form but in Middle English coming to serve as an accusative plural as well. More at 'em.
Pronoun Edit
hem
- Obsolete form of 'em.
- 1481, William Caxton, The Historie of Reynart the Foxe:
- And wente to the kinge and to the queene, and said to hem with a glad cheer.
- 1485, William Caxton, Paris and Vienne:
- For eyther of hem mayntened.
- 1591, John Florio, Second Frutes to be gathered of twelve trees, of diverse but delightful tastes to the tongues of Italian and English:
- ‘What thinke you of this English, tel me I pray you.’ ‘It is a language that wyl do you good in England but passe Dover, it is woorth nothing.’ ‘Is it not used then in other countreyes?’ ‘No sir, with whom wyl you that they speake?’ ‘With English marchants.’ ‘English marchantes, when they are out of England, it liketh hem not, and they doo not speake it.
- 1579, Immeritô [pseudonym; Edmund Spenser], “May. Aegloga Quinta.”, in The Shepheardes Calender: […], London: […] Hugh Singleton, […], →OCLC; republished as The Shepheardes Calender […], London: […] Iohn Wolfe for Iohn Harrison the yonger, […], 1586, →OCLC:
- Tho to the greene wood they speeden hem all.
- 1598, Benjamin Jonson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “Euery Man in His Humour. A Comœdie. […]”, in The Workes of Ben Jonson (First Folio), London: […] Will[iam] Stansby, published 1616, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
- Except we make hem such.
- 1605 August (first performance), Geo[rge] Chapman, Ben Ionson, Ioh[n] Marston, Eastward Hoe. […], London: […] [George Eld] for William Aspley, published September 1605, →OCLC, (please specify the page):
- They go forth on Holydays and gather hem by the seashore.
Further reading Edit
- “hem”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
- “hem”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
- “hem”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
Anagrams Edit
Bislama Edit
Alternative forms Edit
Etymology Edit
From English him. Cognate with Tok Pisin em.
Pronunciation Edit
Pronoun Edit
hem
See also Edit
singular | dual | trial | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | exclusive | mi | mitufala | mitrifala | mifala |
inclusive | — | yumitu, yumitufala | yumitrifala | yumi | |
2nd person | yu | yutufala | yutrifala | yufala | |
3rd person | neutral | hem, em | tufala | trifala | ol1), olgeta |
collective | — | tugeta | trigeta | — | |
1) Used only as an object of a preposition or a verb. *) Some speakers may not distinguish various plurality categories, using only one or two plural pronouns. **) The collective pronouns specify that the action is performed by all subjects together, rather than on their own. |
References Edit
- Terry Crowley (2004) Bislama Reference Grammar, Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi press, →ISBN, page 46
Catalan Edit
Verb Edit
hem
- first-person plural present indicative form of haver
Dutch Edit
Etymology Edit
From Middle Dutch hem, from Old Dutch himo, from Proto-Germanic *himmai.
Pronunciation Edit
Pronoun Edit
hem
- (personal) Third-person singular, masculine, objective: him.
- Stuur dat maar naar hem.
- Send that to him.
- (personal) The tagger in a game of tag: it.
Inflection Edit
subject | object | possessive | reflexive | genitive5 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | pred. | ||
1st person | ik | 'k1 | mij | me | mijn | m'n1 | mijne | me | mijner, mijns |
2nd person | jij | je | jou | je | jouw | je | jouwe | je | jouwer, jouws |
2nd person archaic or regiolectal | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer, uws |
3rd person masculine | hij | ie1 | hem | 'm1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
3rd person feminine | zij | ze | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | hare | zich | harer, haars |
3rd person neuter | het | 't1 | het | 't1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
plural | |||||||||
1st person | wij | we | ons | – | ons, onze2 | – | onze | ons | onzer, onzes |
2nd person | jullie | je | jullie | je | jullie | je | – | je | – |
2nd person archaic or regiolectal6 | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer, uws |
3rd person | zij | ze | hen3, hun4 | ze | hun | – | hunne | zich | hunner, huns |
1) Not as common in written language. 2) Inflected as an adjective. 3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). 4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). |
5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions. 6) To differentiate from the singular gij, and in a similar vein to "you lot" or "you guys" in English, it is common to use gijlui ("you people") or gijlieden ("you people") or one of their contracted variants, and their corresponding objects, possessives and reflexives, in the plural. |
Descendants Edit
French Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Interjection Edit
hem
- interjection expressing doubt and/or hesitation
Further reading Edit
- “hem”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Hungarian Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Noun Edit
hem (plural hemek)
- (biochemistry) heme (component of hemoglobin)
Declension Edit
Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | hem | hemek |
accusative | hemet | hemeket |
dative | hemnek | hemeknek |
instrumental | hemmel | hemekkel |
causal-final | hemért | hemekért |
translative | hemmé | hemekké |
terminative | hemig | hemekig |
essive-formal | hemként | hemekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | hemben | hemekben |
superessive | hemen | hemeken |
adessive | hemnél | hemeknél |
illative | hembe | hemekbe |
sublative | hemre | hemekre |
allative | hemhez | hemekhez |
elative | hemből | hemekből |
delative | hemről | hemekről |
ablative | hemtől | hemektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
hemé | hemeké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
heméi | hemekéi |
Possessive forms of hem | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | hemem | hemjeim |
2nd person sing. | hemed | hemjeid |
3rd person sing. | hemje | hemjei |
1st person plural | hemünk | hemjeink |
2nd person plural | hemetek | hemjeitek |
3rd person plural | hemjük | hemjeik |
Derived terms Edit
Icelandic Edit
Etymology Edit
From Old Norse hem, related to eimr (“vapor”).[1]
Pronunciation Edit
Noun Edit
hem n (genitive singular hems, nominative plural hem)
Declension Edit
Verb Edit
hem (weak)
References Edit
- ^ Ferguson, R. (1873). The Dialect of Cumberland. United Kingdom: Williams and Norgate, p. 69
Indonesian Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
From Dutch hemd, from Middle Dutch hemde, hemede, from Old Dutch *hemithi, from Proto-Germanic *hamiþiją.
Pronunciation Edit
Noun Edit
hèm (first-person possessive hemku, second-person possessive hemmu, third-person possessive hemnya)
- shirt, an article of clothing that is worn on the upper part of the body, and often has sleeves, either long or short, that cover the arms.
- Synonym: kemeja
Etymology 2 Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Noun Edit
hèm (first-person possessive hemku, second-person possessive hemmu, third-person possessive hemnya)
- (biochemistry) heme: the component of hemoglobin (and other hemoproteins) responsible for binding oxygen.
Etymology 3 Edit
A sound uttered in imitation of clearing the throat (onomatopoeia).
Pronunciation Edit
Interjection Edit
hêm
- Used to express furious, etc.
Further reading Edit
- “hem” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Latin Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Interjection Edit
hem
Related terms Edit
References Edit
- “hem”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “hem”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
Middle Dutch Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
From Old Dutch himo, from Proto-Germanic *himmai.
Pronoun Edit
hem
- accusative/dative of hi
- dative of het
Etymology 2 Edit
From Old Dutch hin, from Proto-Germanic *himaz.
Pronoun Edit
hem
- accusative/dative of si (“they”)
Middle English Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
From Old English heom, from Proto-Germanic *himaz, masculine and neuter dative plural of *hiz. Compare þem.
Pronoun Edit
hem (nominative he)
- Third-person plural accusative pronoun: them
- 14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 9–11.
- And smale foweles maken melodye, / That slepen al the nyght with open eye- / (So priketh hem Nature in hir corages);
- And many little birds make melody / That sleep through all the night with open eye / (So Nature pricks them on to ramp and rage)
- 1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41:
- And with alle these men I was ofte homli and I comownede with hem long tyme and fele, and so bifore alle othir men I chees wilfulli to be enformed bi hem and of hem, and speciali of Wiclef himsilf, as of the moost vertuous and goodlich wise man that I herde of owhere either knew.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- c. 1539, Murdoch Nisbet, The New Testament:
- He prayis hem to lyue releg[ious] lyff[is] and to luk waraly for the cummyng of the lord.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 9–11.
- (reflexive) themselves
Alternative forms Edit
Descendants Edit
See also Edit
nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | 1st-person | I, ich, ik | me | min mi1 |
min | ||
2nd-person | þou | þe | þin þi1 |
þin | |||
3rd-person | m | he | him hine2 |
him | his | his hisen | |
f | sche, heo | hire heo |
hire | hire hires, hiren | |||
n | hit | hit him2 |
his, hit | — | |||
dual3 | 1st-person | wit | unk | unker | |||
2nd-person | ȝit | inc | inker | ||||
plural | 1st-person | we | us, ous | oure | oure oures, ouren | ||
2nd-person4 | ye | yow | your | your youres, youren | |||
3rd-person | inh. | he | hem he2 |
hem | here | here heres, heren | |
bor. | þei | þem, þeim | þeir | þeir þeires, þeiren |
1Used preconsonantally or before h.
2Early or dialectal.
3Dual pronouns are only sporadically found in Early Middle English; after that, they are replaced by plural forms. There are no third-person dual forms in Middle English.
4Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
References Edit
- “hem, pron.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Etymology 2 Edit
From Old English hemm. See English hem for more.
Noun Edit
hem
Alternative forms Edit
Descendants Edit
References Edit
- “hem, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Etymology 3 Edit
Pronoun Edit
hem
- Alternative form of him (“him”)
Northern Kurdish Edit
Conjunction Edit
hem
See also Edit
Norwegian Bokmål Edit
Verb Edit
hem
- imperative of hemme
Old Dutch Edit
Etymology Edit
From Proto-West Germanic *haim, from Proto-Germanic *haimaz.
Noun Edit
hēm ?
Inflection Edit
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants Edit
Further reading Edit
- “hēm”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old Frisian Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Noun Edit
hēm m
- Alternative form of hām
References Edit
- Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 28
Pijin Edit
Alternative forms Edit
Etymology Edit
Pronoun Edit
hem
- he/she/it (third-person singular pronoun)
- 1988, Geoffrey Miles White, Bikfala faet: olketa Solomon Aelanda rimembarem Wol Wo Tu[1], page 75:
- Bihaen hemi finisim skul blong hem, hemi go minista long sios long ples blong hem long 'Areo.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
See also Edit
Portuguese Edit
Pronunciation Edit
- Rhymes: -ɐ̃j̃
- Hyphenation: hem
Interjection Edit
hem
- Alternative form of hein
Romanian Edit
Etymology Edit
Noun Edit
hem n (plural hemuri)
Declension Edit
Swedish Edit
Etymology Edit
From Old Norse heim < heimr, from Proto-Germanic *haimaz.
Pronunciation Edit
Adverb Edit
hem (not comparable)
- home; to one's home
- Det är dags att gå hem.
- It is time to go home.
Noun Edit
hem n
- a home; one's dwelling place, as in a house or a more general geographical place; the abiding place of the affections.
- a home; an institution
Declension Edit
Declension of hem | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | hem | hemmet | hem | hemmen |
Genitive | hems | hemmets | hems | hemmens |
Derived terms Edit
- barndomshem
- barnhem
- fosterhem
- fritidshem
- föräldrahem
- gästhem
- hemadress
- hemarbetande
- hemarbete
- hembageri
- hembakad
- hembakt
- hembesök
- hembio
- hembiträde
- hembjuda
- hembrygd
- hembryggd
- hembränd
- hembrännare
- hembränning
- hembränt
- hembud
- hemby
- hembygd
- hembyggd
- hembygge
- hembära
- hembärning
- hemdator
- hemdragande
- hemelektronik
- hemfalla
- hemflyttad
- hemflyttning
- hemforsla
- hemforsling
- hemfrakt
- hemfrakta
- hemfraktning
- hemfrid
- hemfärd
- hemföra
- hemförhållanden
- hemföring
- hemförlossning
- hemförlova
- hemförlovning
- hemförsamling
- hemförskaffa
- hemförsäkring
- hemförsäljning
- hemgift
- hemgjord
- hemgående
- hemgång
- hemgången
- hemhjälp
- hemhjälpare
- hemhörighet
- hemifrån
- hemikring
- heminredare
- heminredning
- hemkalla
- hemkallelse
- hemkallning
- hemkatalog
- hemknutar
- hemkokt
- hemkommen
- hemkommun
- hemkomst
- hemkonsulent
- hemkunskap
- hemkänsla
- hemkär
- hemkärlek
- hemköp
- hemköra
- hemkörd
- hemkörning
- hemkört
- hemlagad
- hemland
- hemlandskap
- hemlig
- hemlik
- hemliv
- hemlov
- hemlån
- hemlånad
- hemlåning
- hemlän
- hemlängtan
- hemläxa
- hemlös
- hemlöshet
- hemma
- hemman
- hemmarsch
- hemmiljö
- hemnummer
- hemom
- hemomkring
- hemort
- hempermanent
- hempermission
- hempermittera
- hempermittering
- hemresa
- hemsamarit
- hemservice
- hemsida
- hemsjukvård
- hemskicka
- hemskickning
- hemskild
- hemskillnad
- hemskydd
- hemsläpa
- hemslöjd
- hemsnickrad
- hemsocken
- hemspråk
- hemspunnen
- hemstad
- hemstickad
- hemställa
- hemställan
- hemstöpt
- hemsydd
- hemsyssla
- hemsända
- hemsändning
- hemsöka
- hemsökelse
- hemsömmerska
- hemsömnad
- hemtagning
- hemtal
- hemtam
- hemteknisk
- hemterminal
- hemtextil
- hemtextilier
- hemtjänst
- hemtrakt
- hemtransport
- hemtransportera
- hemtrevlig
- hemtrevnad
- hemundervisning
- hemuppgift
- hemvan
- hemvist
- hemvård
- hemvårdare
- hemvårdarinna
- hemväg
- hemvända
- hemvärn
- hemvävd
- hemåt
- hemåtvändande
- sjukhem
- skolhem
- soldathem
- vandrarhem
- ålderdomshem
Related terms Edit
References Edit
Turkish Edit
Etymology Edit
Borrowing from Persian هم (ham).
Pronunciation Edit
Adverb Edit
hem
Conjunction Edit
hem … hem …
- both … and
- Synonym: hem … hem de …
- Hem bu hem şu. ― Both this one and that one.