Wiktionary

hem

See also: Hem, hẻm, 'hem, and hem-

English Edit

Etymology 1 Edit

A sound uttered in imitation of clearing the throat (onomatopoeia)

Pronunciation Edit

Interjection Edit

hem

  1. Used to fill in the gap of a pause with a vocalized sound.

Noun Edit

hem (plural hems)

  1. An utterance or sound of the voice like "hem", often indicative of hesitation or doubt, sometimes used to call attention.
    • January 8, 1712', John Dryden, The Spectator No. 269
      his morning hems

Verb Edit

hem (third-person singular simple present hems, present participle hemming, simple past and past participle hemmed)

  1. To make the sound expressed by the word hem; to hesitate in speaking.
Derived terms Edit
Translations Edit

See also Edit

Etymology 2 Edit

From Middle English hem, hemm, in turn from Old English hemm, of West Germanic origin, from Proto-West Germanic *hammjan. Related to Middle High German hemmen (“to hem in”), Old Norse hemja (“to hem in, restrain”); outside of Germanic, to Armenian քամել (kʿamel, “to press, wring”), Russian ком (kom, “lump”).

The verb is from Middle English hemmen, from Old English hemman, from Proto-Germanic *hamjaną, or alternatively derived from the noun.

Pronunciation Edit

Noun Edit

 
A stitched hem
 
Drawing of a sheet metal hem

hem (plural hems)

  2. (sewing) The border of an article of clothing doubled back and stitched together to finish the edge and prevent it from fraying.
  3. A rim or margin of something.
  4. In sheet metal design, a rim or edge folded back on itself to create a smooth edge and to increase strength or rigidity.
Derived terms Edit
Translations Edit

Verb Edit

hem (third-person singular simple present hems, present participle hemming, simple past and past participle hemmed)

  2. (sewing, intransitive) To make a hem.
  3. (transitive) To put hem on an article of clothing, to edge or put a border on something.
  4. (transitive) To shut in, enclose, confine; to surround something or someone in a confining way.
    A small yard hemmed about by a tall hedge.
    • 1862, John Williamson Palmer, Stonewall Jackson's Way :
      He’s in the saddle now. Fall in! Steady, the whole brigade! Hill’s at the ford, cut off — we’ll win his way out, ball and blade! What matter if our shoes are worn? What matter if our feet are torn? “Quick step! We’re with him before the morn!” That’s “Stonewall Jackson’s Way.”
      The sun’s bright lances rout the mists of morning, and by George! Here’s Longstreet struggling in the lists, hemmed in an ugly gorge. Pope and his Yankees, whipped before, “Bay’nets and grape!” hear Stonewall roar; “Charge, Stuart! Pay off Ashby’s score!” in “Stonewall Jackson’s Way.
Derived terms Edit
Translations Edit
to put hem on an article of clothing

Etymology 3 Edit

From Middle English hem, from Old English heom (“them”, dative), originally a dative plural form but in Middle English coming to serve as an accusative plural as well. More at 'em.

Pronoun Edit

hem

  1. Obsolete form of 'em.
    • 1481, William Caxton, The Historie of Reynart the Foxe:
      And wente to the kinge and to the queene, and said to hem with a glad cheer.
    • 1485, William Caxton, Paris and Vienne:
      For eyther of hem mayntened.
    • 1591, John Florio, Second Frutes to be gathered of twelve trees, of diverse but delightful tastes to the tongues of Italian and English:
      ‘What thinke you of this English, tel me I pray you.’ ‘It is a language that wyl do you good in England but passe Dover, it is woorth nothing.’ ‘Is it not used then in other countreyes?’ ‘No sir, with whom wyl you that they speake?’ ‘With English marchants.’ ‘English marchantes, when they are out of England, it liketh hem not, and they doo not speake it.
    • 1579, Immeritô [pseudonym; Edmund Spenser], “May. Aegloga Quinta.”, in The Shepheardes Calender: […], London: […] Hugh Singleton, […], →OCLC; republished as The Shepheardes Calender […], London: […] Iohn Wolfe for Iohn Harrison the yonger, […], 1586, →OCLC:
      Tho to the greene wood they speeden hem all.
    • 1598, Benjamin Jonson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “Euery Man in His Humour. A Comœdie. […]”, in The Workes of Ben Jonson (First Folio), London: […] Will[iam] Stansby, published 1616, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
      Except we make hem such.
    • 1605 August (first performance), Geo[rge] Chapman, Ben Ionson, Ioh[n] Marston, Eastward Hoe. […], London: […] [George Eld] for William Aspley, published September 1605, →OCLC, (please specify the page):
      They go forth on Holydays and gather hem by the seashore.

Further reading Edit

Anagrams Edit

Bislama Edit

Alternative forms Edit

Etymology Edit

From English him. Cognate with Tok Pisin em.

Pronunciation Edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈhem/
  • Hyphenation: hem

Pronoun Edit

hem

  1. he, she, it; him, her

See also Edit

Bislama personal pronouns
singular dual trial plural
1st person exclusive mi mitufala mitrifala mifala
inclusive — yumitu, yumitufala yumitrifala yumi
2nd person yu yutufala yutrifala yufala
3rd person neutral hem, em tufala trifala ol1), olgeta
collective — tugeta trigeta —
1) Used only as an object of a preposition or a verb.
*) Some speakers may not distinguish various plurality categories, using only one or two plural pronouns.
**) The collective pronouns specify that the action is performed by all subjects together, rather than on their own.

References Edit

  • Terry Crowley (2004) Bislama Reference Grammar, Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi press, →ISBN, page 46

Catalan Edit

Verb Edit

hem

  1. first-person plural present indicative form of haver

Dutch Edit

Etymology Edit

From Middle Dutch hem, from Old Dutch himo, from Proto-Germanic *himmai.

Pronunciation Edit

Pronoun Edit

hem

  1. (personal) Third-person singular, masculine, objective: him.
    Stuur dat maar naar hem.
    Send that to him.
  2. (personal) The tagger in a game of tag: it.

Inflection Edit

Dutch personal pronouns
subject object possessive reflexive genitive5
singular full unstr. full unstr. full unstr. pred.
1st person ik 'k1 mij me mijn m'n1 mijne me mijner, mijns
2nd person jij je jou je jouw je jouwe je jouwer, jouws
2nd person archaic or regiolectal gij ge u – uw – uwe u uwer, uws
2nd person formal u – u – uw – uwe zich uwer, uws
3rd person masculine hij ie1 hem 'm1 zijn z'n1 zijne zich zijner, zijns
3rd person feminine zij ze haar h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 haar h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 hare zich harer, haars
3rd person neuter het 't1 het 't1 zijn z'n1 zijne zich zijner, zijns
plural
1st person wij we ons – ons, onze2 – onze ons onzer, onzes
2nd person jullie je jullie je jullie je – je –
2nd person archaic or regiolectal6 gij ge u – uw – uwe u uwer, uws
2nd person formal u – u – uw – uwe zich uwer, uws
3rd person zij ze hen3, hun4 ze hun – hunne zich hunner, huns
1) Not as common in written language.
2) Inflected as an adjective.
3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative).
4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). 		5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions.
6) To differentiate from the singular gij, and in a similar vein to "you lot" or "you guys" in English, it is common to use gijlui ("you people") or gijlieden ("you people") or one of their contracted variants, and their corresponding objects, possessives and reflexives, in the plural.


Descendants Edit

  • Javindo: gem
  • Jersey Dutch: häm
  • Negerhollands: em, am, an, ham, him, hem
    • → Virgin Islands Creole: ahm, am

French Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Interjection Edit

hem

  1. interjection expressing doubt and/or hesitation

Further reading Edit

Hungarian Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Noun Edit

hem (plural hemek)

  1. (biochemistry) heme (component of hemoglobin)

Declension Edit

Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative hem hemek
accusative hemet hemeket
dative hemnek hemeknek
instrumental hemmel hemekkel
causal-final hemért hemekért
translative hemmé hemekké
terminative hemig hemekig
essive-formal hemként hemekként
essive-modal — —
inessive hemben hemekben
superessive hemen hemeken
adessive hemnél hemeknél
illative hembe hemekbe
sublative hemre hemekre
allative hemhez hemekhez
elative hemből hemekből
delative hemről hemekről
ablative hemtől hemektől
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		hemé hemeké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		heméi hemekéi
Possessive forms of hem
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. hemem hemjeim
2nd person sing. hemed hemjeid
3rd person sing. hemje hemjei
1st person plural hemünk hemjeink
2nd person plural hemetek hemjeitek
3rd person plural hemjük hemjeik

Derived terms Edit

Icelandic Edit

Etymology Edit

From Old Norse hem, related to eimr (“vapor”).[1]

Pronunciation Edit

Noun Edit

hem n (genitive singular hems, nominative plural hem)

  1. thin layer of ice
    Synonym: skæni

Declension Edit

declension of hem
n-s singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative hem hemið hem hemin
accusative hem hemið hem hemin
dative hemi heminu hemum hemunum
genitive hems hemsins hema hemanna

Verb Edit

hem (weak)

  1. first-person singular present indicative of hemja
  2. second-person singular imperative of hemja

References Edit

  1. ^ Ferguson, R. (1873). The Dialect of Cumberland. United Kingdom: Williams and Norgate, p. 69

Indonesian Edit

Etymology 1 Edit

From Dutch hemd, from Middle Dutch hemde, hemede, from Old Dutch *hemithi, from Proto-Germanic *hamiþiją.

Pronunciation Edit

  • IPA(key): [ˈhɛm]
  • Hyphenation: hèm

Noun Edit

hèm (first-person possessive hemku, second-person possessive hemmu, third-person possessive hemnya)

  1. shirt, an article of clothing that is worn on the upper part of the body, and often has sleeves, either long or short, that cover the arms.
    Synonym: kemeja

Etymology 2 Edit

From English heme.

Pronunciation Edit

  • IPA(key): [ˈhɛm]
  • Hyphenation: hèm

Noun Edit

hèm (first-person possessive hemku, second-person possessive hemmu, third-person possessive hemnya)

  1. (biochemistry) heme: the component of hemoglobin (and other hemoproteins) responsible for binding oxygen.

Etymology 3 Edit

A sound uttered in imitation of clearing the throat (onomatopoeia).

Pronunciation Edit

  • IPA(key): [ˈhəm]
  • Hyphenation: hêm

Interjection Edit

hêm

  1. Used to express furious, etc.

Further reading Edit

Latin Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Interjection Edit

hem

  1. eh?, well well! (expressing surprise)

Related terms Edit

References Edit

  • “hem”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “hem”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

Middle Dutch Edit

Etymology 1 Edit

From Old Dutch himo, from Proto-Germanic *himmai.

Pronoun Edit

hem

  1. accusative/dative of hi
  2. dative of het

Etymology 2 Edit

From Old Dutch hin, from Proto-Germanic *himaz.

Pronoun Edit

hem

  1. accusative/dative of si (“they”)

Middle English Edit

Etymology 1 Edit

From Old English heom, from Proto-Germanic *himaz, masculine and neuter dative plural of *hiz. Compare þem.

Pronoun Edit

hem (nominative he)

  2. Third-person plural accusative pronoun: them
    • 14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 9–11.
      And smale foweles maken melodye, / That slepen al the nyght with open eye- / (So priketh hem Nature in hir corages);
      And many little birds make melody / That sleep through all the night with open eye / (So Nature pricks them on to ramp and rage)
    • 1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41:
      And with alle these men I was ofte homli and I comownede with hem long tyme and fele, and so bifore alle othir men I chees wilfulli to be enformed bi hem and of hem, and speciali of Wiclef himsilf, as of the moost vertuous and goodlich wise man that I herde of owhere either knew.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • c. 1539, Murdoch Nisbet, The New Testament:
      He prayis hem to lyue releg[ious] lyff[is] and to luk waraly for the cummyng of the lord.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  3. (reflexive) themselves
Alternative forms Edit
Descendants Edit
See also Edit
Middle English personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative genitive possessive
singular 1st-person I, ich, ik me min
mi1		 min
2nd-person þou þe þin
þi1		 þin
3rd-person m he him
hine2		 him his his
hisen
f sche, heo hire
heo 		hire hire
hires, hiren
n hit hit
him2		 his, hit —
dual3 1st-person wit unk unker
2nd-person ȝit inc inker
plural 1st-person we us, ous oure oure
oures, ouren
2nd-person4 ye yow your your
youres, youren
3rd-person inh. he hem
he2		 hem here here
heres, heren
bor. þei þem, þeim þeir þeir
þeires, þeiren

1Used preconsonantally or before h.
2Early or dialectal.
3Dual pronouns are only sporadically found in Early Middle English; after that, they are replaced by plural forms. There are no third-person dual forms in Middle English.
4Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

References Edit

Etymology 2 Edit

From Old English hemm. See English hem for more.

Noun Edit

hem

  1. hem (edge of cloth or garment)
  2. edge, boundary
Alternative forms Edit
Descendants Edit

References Edit

Etymology 3 Edit

Pronoun Edit

hem

  1. Alternative form of him (“him”)

Northern Kurdish Edit

Conjunction Edit

hem

  1. and

See also Edit

Norwegian Bokmål Edit

Verb Edit

hem

  1. imperative of hemme

Old Dutch Edit

Etymology Edit

From Proto-West Germanic *haim, from Proto-Germanic *haimaz.

Noun Edit

hēm ?

  1. home, house
  2. hamlet

Inflection Edit

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants Edit

Further reading Edit

  • “hēm”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old Frisian Edit

Pronunciation Edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈheːm/, [ˈhɛːm]

Noun Edit

hēm m

  1. Alternative form of hām

References Edit

  • Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 28

Pijin Edit

This entry has fewer than three known examples of actual usage, the minimum considered necessary for clear attestation, and may not be reliable. This language is subject to a special exemption for languages with limited documentation. If you speak it, please consider editing this entry or adding citations. See also Help and the Community Portal.

Alternative forms Edit

Etymology Edit

From English him.

Pronoun Edit

hem

  1. he/she/it (third-person singular pronoun)
    • 1988, Geoffrey Miles White, Bikfala faet: olketa Solomon Aelanda rimembarem Wol Wo Tu‎[1], page 75:
      Bihaen hemi finisim skul blong hem, hemi go minista long sios long ples blong hem long 'Areo.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

See also Edit

Pijin personal pronouns
singular dual trial plural
1st person mi mitufala (exclusive)
iumitufala (inclusive) 		mitrifala (exclusive)
iumitrifala (inclusive) 		mifala (exclusive)
iumifala, iumi (inclusive)
2nd person iu iutufala iutrifala iufala
3rd person hem tufala trifala ol/olketa

Portuguese Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Interjection Edit

hem

  1. Alternative form of hein

Romanian Edit

Etymology Edit

Borrowed from French hème.

Noun Edit

hem n (plural hemuri)

  1. heme

Declension Edit

Declension of hem
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) hem hemul (niște) hemuri hemurile
genitive/dative (unui) hem hemului (unor) hemuri hemurilor
vocative hemule hemurilor

Swedish Edit

Etymology Edit

From Old Norse heim < heimr, from Proto-Germanic *haimaz.

Pronunciation Edit

Adverb Edit

hem (not comparable)

  1. home; to one's home
    Det är dags att gå hem.
    It is time to go home.

Noun Edit

hem n

  1. a home; one's dwelling place, as in a house or a more general geographical place; the abiding place of the affections.
  2. a home; an institution

Declension Edit

Declension of hem 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative hem hemmet hem hemmen
Genitive hems hemmets hems hemmens

Derived terms Edit

Related terms Edit

References Edit

Turkish Edit

Etymology Edit

Borrowing from Persian هم‎ (ham).

Pronunciation Edit

Adverb Edit

hem

  1. and also

Conjunction Edit

hem … hem …

  1. both … and
    Synonym: hem … hem de …
    Hem bu hem şu. ― Both this one and that one.
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