تر

See also: پز, پر, بز, تز, ثر, بر, بژ, ير, and یر

Arabic

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Aramaic תּוֹרָא (tōrā, “line, row; cord, band”), from Akkadian 𒄙 (/⁠turru, ṭurru⁠/, “yarn, twine, wire, string; a twist of fibers”), considered possibly a loan from or influenced by Sumerian 𒄙 (dur, “strip”) or natively inherited from Proto-Semitic *t-w-r- (“to go about, to circle, to turn about, to encompass, to come around again; plaiting, braiding”). Also compare Hebrew תּוֹר (tōr, “line”) and potentially related term Persian تار (târ, “cord, string”) possibly influenced by phono-semantic matching.

Noun

تُرّ • (turr) m

1. plumb line

   Synonyms: إِمَام (ʔimām), شَاقُول (šāqūl), مِطْمَار (miṭmār), مِطْمَر (miṭmar), فَادِن (fādin)

Declension

Declension of noun تُرّ (turr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تُرّ turr	التُّرّ at-turr	تُرّ turr
Nominative	تُرٌّ turrun	التُّرُّ at-turru	تُرُّ turru
Accusative	تُرًّا turran	التُّرَّ at-turra	تُرَّ turra
Genitive	تُرٍّ turrin	التُّرِّ at-turri	تُرِّ turri

Verb

تَرَّ • (tarra) I, non-past يَتُرُّ or يَتِرُّ‎ (yaturru or yatirru)

1. to become severed, to become cut off

Conjugation

Conjugation of

تَرَّ

(form-I geminate, verbal nouns تَرّ or تُرُور)

verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر						تَرّ or تُرُور tarr or turūr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						تَارّ tārr
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	تَرَرْتُ tarartu	تَرَرْتَ tararta	تَرَّ tarra		تَرَرْتُمَا tarartumā	تَرَّا tarrā		تَرَرْنَا tararnā	تَرَرْتُمْ tarartum	تَرُّوا tarrū
	f		تَرَرْتِ tararti	تَرَّتْ tarrat			تَرَّتَا tarratā			تَرَرْتُنَّ tarartunna	تَرَرْنَ tararna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَتُرُّ or أَتِرُّ ʔaturru or ʔatirru	تَتُرُّ or تَتِرُّ taturru or tatirru	يَتُرُّ or يَتِرُّ yaturru or yatirru		تَتُرَّانِ or تَتِرَّانِ taturrāni or tatirrāni	يَتُرَّانِ or يَتِرَّانِ yaturrāni or yatirrāni		نَتُرُّ or نَتِرُّ naturru or natirru	تَتُرُّونَ or تَتِرُّونَ taturrūna or tatirrūna	يَتُرُّونَ or يَتِرُّونَ yaturrūna or yatirrūna
	f		تَتُرِّينَ or تَتِرِّينَ taturrīna or tatirrīna	تَتُرُّ or تَتِرُّ taturru or tatirru			تَتُرَّانِ or تَتِرَّانِ taturrāni or tatirrāni			تَتْرُرْنَ or تَتْرِرْنَ tatrurna or tatrirna	يَتْرُرْنَ or يَتْرِرْنَ yatrurna or yatrirna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَتُرَّ or أَتِرَّ ʔaturra or ʔatirra	تَتُرَّ or تَتِرَّ taturra or tatirra	يَتُرَّ or يَتِرَّ yaturra or yatirra		تَتُرَّا or تَتِرَّا taturrā or tatirrā	يَتُرَّا or يَتِرَّا yaturrā or yatirrā		نَتُرَّ or نَتِرَّ naturra or natirra	تَتُرُّوا or تَتِرُّوا taturrū or tatirrū	يَتُرُّوا or يَتِرُّوا yaturrū or yatirrū
	f		تَتُرِّي or تَتِرِّي taturrī or tatirrī	تَتُرَّ or تَتِرَّ taturra or tatirra			تَتُرَّا or تَتِرَّا taturrā or tatirrā			تَتْرُرْنَ or تَتْرِرْنَ tatrurna or tatrirna	يَتْرُرْنَ or يَتْرِرْنَ yatrurna or yatrirna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَتُرَّ or أَتُرِّ or أَتْرُرْ or أَتِرَّ or أَتِرِّ or أَتْرِرْ ʔaturra or ʔaturri or ʔatrur or ʔatirra or ʔatirri or ʔatrir	تَتُرَّ or تَتُرِّ or تَتْرُرْ or تَتِرَّ or تَتِرِّ or تَتْرِرْ taturra or taturri or tatrur or tatirra or tatirri or tatrir	يَتُرَّ or يَتُرِّ or يَتْرُرْ or يَتِرَّ or يَتِرِّ or يَتْرِرْ yaturra or yaturri or yatrur or yatirra or yatirri or yatrir		تَتُرَّا or تَتِرَّا taturrā or tatirrā	يَتُرَّا or يَتِرَّا yaturrā or yatirrā		نَتُرَّ or نَتُرِّ or نَتْرُرْ or نَتِرَّ or نَتِرِّ or نَتْرِرْ naturra or naturri or natrur or natirra or natirri or natrir	تَتُرُّوا or تَتِرُّوا taturrū or tatirrū	يَتُرُّوا or يَتِرُّوا yaturrū or yatirrū
	f		تَتُرِّي or تَتِرِّي taturrī or tatirrī	تَتُرَّ or تَتُرِّ or تَتْرُرْ or تَتِرَّ or تَتِرِّ or تَتْرِرْ taturra or taturri or tatrur or tatirra or tatirri or tatrir			تَتُرَّا or تَتِرَّا taturrā or tatirrā			تَتْرُرْنَ or تَتْرِرْنَ tatrurna or tatrirna	يَتْرُرْنَ or يَتْرِرْنَ yatrurna or yatrirna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		تُرَّ or تُرِّ or اُتْرُرْ or تِرَّ or تِرِّ or اِتْرِرْ turra or turri or utrur or tirra or tirri or itrir			تُرَّا or تِرَّا turrā or tirrā				تُرُّوا or تِرُّوا turrū or tirrū
	f		تُرِّي or تِرِّي turrī or tirrī							اُتْرُرْنَ or اِتْرِرْنَ utrurna or itrirna

Noun

تَرّ • (tarr) m

1. verbal noun of تَرَّ (tarra) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun تَرّ (tarr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تَرّ tarr	التَّرّ at-tarr	تَرّ tarr
Nominative	تَرٌّ tarrun	التَّرُّ at-tarru	تَرُّ tarru
Accusative	تَرًّا tarran	التَّرَّ at-tarra	تَرَّ tarra
Genitive	تَرٍّ tarrin	التَّرِّ at-tarri	تَرِّ tarri

Etymology 2

Verb

تَرَ • (tara) (form I)

1. second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive of رَأَى (raʔā)
2. third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive of رَأَى (raʔā)

Verb

تُرَ • (tura) (form I)

1. second-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive of رَأَى (raʔā)
2. third-person feminine singular non-past passive jussive of رَأَى (raʔā)

Etymology 3

Verb

تِرْ • (tir) (form I)

1. second-person masculine singular active imperative of وَتَرَ (watara)

Etymology 4

Verb

تُرِ • (turi) (form IV)

1. second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive of أَرَى (ʔarā)
2. third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive of أَرَى (ʔarā)

Verb

تُرَ • (tura) (form IV)

1. second-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive of أَرَى (ʔarā)
2. third-person feminine singular non-past passive jussive of أَرَى (ʔarā)

References

• “twr⁴”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “تر”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 142
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 255
• Freytag, Georg (1830) “تر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 187
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “تر”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[3] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 194
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “تر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[4], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 299–300
• Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎^[5] (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 332
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “تر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[6], London: W.H. Allen, page 168
• Wahrmund, Adolf (1887) “تر”, in Handwörterbuch der neu-arabischen und deutschen Sprache‎^[7] (in German), volume 1, Gießen: J. Ricker’sche Buchhandlung, page 310

Azerbaijani

Noun

تر (definite accusative تری, plural ترلر)

1. Arabic spelling of tər

Central Kurdish

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *-tarah, from Proto-Indo-European *-teros.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɪɾ/

Suffix

-تِر (-tir)

1. A suffix forming the comparative degree of an adjective.

See also

• -تِرین (-tirîn)

Khalaj

Noun

تَر (tər) (definite accusative تَری, plural تَرلَر)

1. Arabic spelling of tər (“sweat”)

Declension

Declension of تر

	singular	plural
nominative	تر	ترلَر
genitive	ترۆݧ	ترلَریݧ
dative	ترکه	ترلَرکه
definite accusative	ترۆ	ترلَری
locative	ترچه	ترلَرچه
ablative	ترده	ترلَرده
instrumental	ترله	ترلَرله
equative	تروارا	ترلَروارا

Kipchak

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *tẹr (“sweat”).

Noun

تر (tär)

1. sweat

Descendants

• North Kipchak
  • Bashkir: тир (tir)
  • Tatar: тир (tir)
• West Kipchak
  • Crimean Tatar: ter
  • Karachay-Balkar: тер (ter)
  • Karaim: тэр
  • Kumyk: тер (ter)
• Central Kipchak
  • Karakalpak: тер
  • Kazakh: тер (ter)
  • Nogai: тер (ter)
• East Kipchak
  • Kyrgyz: тер (ter)
  • Southern Altai: тер (ter)

References

• Houtsma, Martin Theodor (1894) Ein türkisch-arabisches Glossar, nach der Leidener Handschrift herausgegeben und erläutert‎^[8], Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 66
• Houtsma, Martin Theodor (1894) Ein türkisch-arabisches Glossar, nach der Leidener Handschrift herausgegeben und erläutert‎^[9], Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 21 (٢١)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *tẹr (“sweat”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tɛɾ]

Noun

تر • (ter)

2. sweat (also figurative)

Related terms

• ترلمك, ترله‌مك (terlemek, “to sweat”)
• ترلتمك (terletmek, “to make sweat”)
• ترلی (terli, “having sweated”)

Descendants

• Turkish: ter

Etymology 2

Onomatopoeic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tɯɾ]

Interjection

تر • (tır)

2. used to imitate a tremble or vibrating sound, falling nails or the like, also a cat’s purr

Alternative forms

• تیر (tır), طر (tır, dır)

Related terms

• طرطر (dırdır, “grumble, buzz”)
• طرطرلی (dırdırlı, “engrailed”)

Etymology 3

From Persian تر (tar).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tɛɾ]

Noun

تر • (ter)

2. humid, wet, moist, damp

   Synonym: یاش (yaş)

4. fresh, not flaccid, juicy

   Synonym: تازه (taze)

   تر و تازه ― ter ve taze, terütaze ― fresh and juicy

Descendants

• Turkish: ter

Etymology 4

From Persian تر (tar).

Adverb

تر • (ter)

2. more than the others, excessively, much, quite (also in compounds, and written together or not)

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [script needed] (tl’, LCDr /⁠tarr⁠/, “wet, moist”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [taɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰæɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	tar
Dari reading?	tar
Iranian reading?	tar
Tajik reading?	tar

Adjective

تر • (tar)

2. moist, wet

Related terms

• تره (tare)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (-tl /⁠-tar⁠/, suffix forming comparative adjectives), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-teros.

Suffix

تر • (-tar)

2. A suffix forming the comparative degree of an adjective.

Related terms

• ترین (-tarin)

References

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “-tar”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 82