تر

See also: ـتر, پز, پر, بز, تز, ثر, بر, بژ, ير, and یر

Arabic

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Aramaic תּוֹרָא (tōrā, “line, row; cord, band”), from Akkadian 𒄙 (/⁠turru, ṭurru⁠/, “yarn, twine, wire, string; a twist of fibers”), considered possibly a loan from or influenced by Sumerian 𒄙 (dur, “strip”) or natively inherited from Proto-Semitic *t-w-r- (“to go about, to circle, to turn about, to encompass, to come around again; plaiting, braiding”). Also compare Hebrew תּוֹר (tōr, “line”) and potentially related term Persian (târ, “cord, string”) possibly influenced by phono-semantic matching.

Noun

تُرّ • (turr) m

plumb line
Synonyms: إِمَام (ʔimām), شَاقُول (šāqūl), مِطْمَار (miṭmār), مِطْمَر (miṭmar), فَادِن (fādin)

Declension

Declension of noun تُرّ (turr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تُرّ turr	التُّرّ at-turr	تُرّ turr
Nominative	تُرٌّ turrun	التُّرُّ at-turru	تُرُّ turru
Accusative	تُرًّا turran	التُّرَّ at-turra	تُرَّ turra
Genitive	تُرٍّ turrin	التُّرِّ at-turri	تُرِّ turri

Verb

تَرَّ • (tarra) I (non-past يَتُرُّ (yaturru) or يَتِرُّ (yatirru), verbal noun تَرّ (tarr) or تُرُور (turūr))

to become severed, to become cut off

Conjugation

Conjugation of تَرَّ (I, geminate, a ~ u/i, no passive, verbal nouns تَرّ, تُرُور)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَرّ, تُرُور tarr, turūr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					تَارّ tārr
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	تَرَرْتُ tarartu	تَرَرْتَ tararta	تَرَّ tarra	تَرَرْتُمَا tarartumā	تَرَّا tarrā	تَرَرْنَا tararnā	تَرَرْتُمْ tarartum	تَرُّوا tarrū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	تَرَرْتُ tarartu	تَرَرْتِ tararti	تَرَّتْ tarrat	تَرَرْتُمَا tarartumā	تَرَّتَا tarratā	تَرَرْنَا tararnā	تَرَرْتُنَّ tarartunna	تَرَرْنَ tararna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَتُرُّ, أَتِرُّ ʔaturru, ʔatirru	تَتُرُّ, تَتِرُّ taturru, tatirru	يَتُرُّ, يَتِرُّ yaturru, yatirru	تَتُرَّانِ, تَتِرَّانِ taturrāni, tatirrāni	يَتُرَّانِ, يَتِرَّانِ yaturrāni, yatirrāni	نَتُرُّ, نَتِرُّ naturru, natirru	تَتُرُّونَ, تَتِرُّونَ taturrūna, tatirrūna	يَتُرُّونَ, يَتِرُّونَ yaturrūna, yatirrūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَتُرُّ, أَتِرُّ ʔaturru, ʔatirru	تَتُرِّينَ, تَتِرِّينَ taturrīna, tatirrīna	تَتُرُّ, تَتِرُّ taturru, tatirru	تَتُرَّانِ, تَتِرَّانِ taturrāni, tatirrāni	تَتُرَّانِ, تَتِرَّانِ taturrāni, tatirrāni	نَتُرُّ, نَتِرُّ naturru, natirru	تَتْرُرْنَ, تَتْرِرْنَ tatrurna, tatrirna	يَتْرُرْنَ, يَتْرِرْنَ yatrurna, yatrirna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَتُرَّ, أَتِرَّ ʔaturra, ʔatirra	تَتُرَّ, تَتِرَّ taturra, tatirra	يَتُرَّ, يَتِرَّ yaturra, yatirra	تَتُرَّا, تَتِرَّا taturrā, tatirrā	يَتُرَّا, يَتِرَّا yaturrā, yatirrā	نَتُرَّ, نَتِرَّ naturra, natirra	تَتُرُّوا, تَتِرُّوا taturrū, tatirrū	يَتُرُّوا, يَتِرُّوا yaturrū, yatirrū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَتُرَّ, أَتِرَّ ʔaturra, ʔatirra	تَتُرِّي, تَتِرِّي taturrī, tatirrī	تَتُرَّ, تَتِرَّ taturra, tatirra	تَتُرَّا, تَتِرَّا taturrā, tatirrā	تَتُرَّا, تَتِرَّا taturrā, tatirrā	نَتُرَّ, نَتِرَّ naturra, natirra	تَتْرُرْنَ, تَتْرِرْنَ tatrurna, tatrirna	يَتْرُرْنَ, يَتْرِرْنَ yatrurna, yatrirna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَتُرَّ, أَتُرِّ, أَتْرُرْ, أَتِرَّ, أَتِرِّ, أَتْرِرْ ʔaturra, ʔaturri, ʔatrur, ʔatirra, ʔatirri, ʔatrir	تَتُرَّ, تَتُرِّ, تَتْرُرْ, تَتِرَّ, تَتِرِّ, تَتْرِرْ taturra, taturri, tatrur, tatirra, tatirri, tatrir	يَتُرَّ, يَتُرِّ, يَتْرُرْ, يَتِرَّ, يَتِرِّ, يَتْرِرْ yaturra, yaturri, yatrur, yatirra, yatirri, yatrir	تَتُرَّا, تَتِرَّا taturrā, tatirrā	يَتُرَّا, يَتِرَّا yaturrā, yatirrā	نَتُرَّ, نَتُرِّ, نَتْرُرْ, نَتِرَّ, نَتِرِّ, نَتْرِرْ naturra, naturri, natrur, natirra, natirri, natrir	تَتُرُّوا, تَتِرُّوا taturrū, tatirrū	يَتُرُّوا, يَتِرُّوا yaturrū, yatirrū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f		تَتُرِّي, تَتِرِّي taturrī, tatirrī	تَتُرَّ, تَتُرِّ, تَتْرُرْ, تَتِرَّ, تَتِرِّ, تَتْرِرْ taturra, taturri, tatrur, tatirra, tatirri, tatrir	تَتُرَّا, تَتِرَّا taturrā, tatirrā	تَتُرَّا, تَتِرَّا taturrā, tatirrā		تَتْرُرْنَ, تَتْرِرْنَ tatrurna, tatrirna	يَتْرُرْنَ, يَتْرِرْنَ yatrurna, yatrirna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		تُرَّ, تُرِّ, اُتْرُرْ, تِرَّ, تِرِّ, اِتْرِرْ turra, turri, utrur, tirra, tirri, itrir		تُرَّا, تِرَّا turrā, tirrā			تُرُّوا, تِرُّوا turrū, tirrū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		تُرِّي, تِرِّي turrī, tirrī		تُرَّا, تِرَّا turrā, tirrā			اُتْرُرْنَ, اِتْرِرْنَ utrurna, itrirna

Noun

تَرّ • (tarr) m

verbal noun of تَرَّ (tarra) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun تَرّ (tarr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تَرّ tarr	التَّرّ at-tarr	تَرّ tarr
Nominative	تَرٌّ tarrun	التَّرُّ at-tarru	تَرُّ tarru
Accusative	تَرًّا tarran	التَّرَّ at-tarra	تَرَّ tarra
Genitive	تَرٍّ tarrin	التَّرِّ at-tarri	تَرِّ tarri

Etymology 2

Verb

تر (form I)

تَرَ (tara) /ta.ra/: inflection of رَأَى (raʔā):
1. second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive
2. third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive
تُرَ (tura) /tu.ra/: inflection of رَأَى (raʔā):
1. second-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive
2. third-person feminine singular non-past passive jussive

Etymology 3

Verb

تِرْ • (tir) (form I) /tir/

second-person masculine singular imperative of وَتَرَ (watara)

Etymology 4

Verb

تر (form IV)

تُرِ (turi) /tu.ri/: inflection of أَرَى (ʔarā):
1. second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive
2. third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive
تُرَ (tura) /tu.ra/: inflection of أَرَى (ʔarā):
1. second-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive
2. third-person feminine singular non-past passive jussive

References

“twr⁴”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “تر”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 142
Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 255
Freytag, Georg (1830) “تر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 187
Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “تر”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[3] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 194
Lane, Edward William (1863) “تر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[4], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 299–300
Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎^[5] (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 332
Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “تر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[6], London: W.H. Allen, page 168
Wahrmund, Adolf (1887) “تر”, in Handwörterbuch der neu-arabischen und deutschen Sprache‎^[7] (in German), volume 1, Gießen: J. Ricker’sche Buchhandlung, page 310
Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 35

Azerbaijani

Noun

تر (definite accusative تری, plural ترلر)

Arabic spelling of tər

Central Kurdish

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *-tarah, from Proto-Indo-European *-teros.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /tɪɾ/

Suffix

-تِر (-tir)

A suffix forming the comparative degree of an adjective.

Khalaj

Noun

تَر (tər) (definite accusative تَری, plural تَرلَر)

Arabic spelling of tər (“sweat”)

Declension

Declension of تر

	singular	plural
nominative	تر	ترلَر
genitive	ترۆݧ	ترلَریݧ
dative	ترکه	ترلَرکه
definite accusative	ترۆ	ترلَری
locative	ترچه	ترلَرچه
ablative	ترده	ترلَرده
instrumental	ترله	ترلَرله
equative	تروارا	ترلَروارا

Kipchak

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *tẹr (“sweat”).

Noun

تر (tär)

sweat

Descendants

North Kipchak
- Bashkir: тир
- Tatar: тир (tir)
West Kipchak
- Crimean Tatar: ter
- Karachay-Balkar: тер (ter)
- Karaim: тэр
- Kumyk: тер (ter)
Central Kipchak
- Karakalpak: тер
- Kazakh: тер (ter)
- Nogai: тер (ter)
East Kipchak
- Kyrgyz: тер (ter)
- Southern Altai: тер (ter)

References

Houtsma, Martin Theodor (1894) Ein türkisch-arabisches Glossar, nach der Leidener Handschrift herausgegeben und erläutert‎^[8], Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 66
Houtsma, Martin Theodor (1894) Ein türkisch-arabisches Glossar, nach der Leidener Handschrift herausgegeben und erläutert‎^[9], Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 21 (٢١)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *tẹr (“sweat”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [tɛɾ]

Noun

تر • (ter)

sweat (also figurative)

Related terms

ترلمك, ترله‌مك (terlemek, “to sweat”)
ترلتمك (terletmek, “to make sweat”)
ترلی (terli, “having sweated”)

Descendants

Turkish: ter

Etymology 2

Onomatopoeic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [tɯɾ]

Interjection

تر • (tır)

used to imitate a tremble or vibrating sound, falling nails or the like, also a cat’s purr

Alternative forms

تیر (tır), طر (tır, dır)

Related terms

طرطر (dırdır, “grumble, buzz”)
طرطرلی (dırdırlı, “engrailed”)

Etymology 3

From Persian (tar).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [tɛɾ]

Noun

تر • (ter)

humid, wet, moist, damp
Synonym: یاش (yaş)
fresh, not flaccid, juicy
Synonym: تازه (taze)

تر و تازه ― ter ve taze, terütaze ― fresh and juicy

Descendants

Turkish: ter

Etymology 4

From Persian (-tar).

Adverb

تر • (ter)

more than the others, excessively, much, quite (also in compounds, and written together or not)

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (tl’, LCDr /⁠tarr⁠/, “wet, moist”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [taɾ]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäɾ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäɾ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäɾ]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰæɹ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäɾ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	tar
Dari reading^?	tar
Iranian reading^?	tar
Tajik reading^?	tar

Adjective

تر • (tar)

moist, wet

Related terms

تره (tare)