خيزران

Arabic

خَيْزُرَان

Etymology

Originally attested in Pre-Islamic poetry, like that of an-Nābighah (c.535–c.604), as being abundant in the land of the Byzantines. Although of uncertain identification, it was a kind of plant with pliable twigs or roots that were deemed desirable for spear-making, later being applied to bamboo. Compare Hebrew חָזַר (chazár, “to return, to bounce back”), Akkadian 𒄑𒋗𒌨 (ḫinzūru, “apple tree, apricot tree”), Ugaritic 𐎈𐎏𐎗 (ḥḏr, “apple tree”), Akkadian 𒆹 (ḫazru, “flooded area, swamp, reed marsh”); perhaps ultimately derived from Sumerian 𒄑 (gidru, “scepter, cane”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xaj.zu.raːn/

Noun

خَيْزُرَان • (ḵayzurān) m (collective, singulative خَيْزُرَانَة f (ḵayzurāna), plural خَيَازِر (ḵayāzir), paucal خَيْزُرَانَات (ḵayzurānāt))

1. bamboo, rattan
2. reed, cane
3. spear, shaft
4. any limber or pliable stick
5. scepter, a pointer
6. oar, a pole used to propel a boat
7. rudder, till, tiller, helm of a ship
8. (music) reed, pipes
9. (figurative) a beautiful woman; comparably slender and supple

Declension

Declension of noun خَيْزُرَان (ḵayzurān)

Collective	basic collective triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَيْزُرَان ḵayzurān	الْخَيْزُرَان al-ḵayzurān	خَيْزُرَان ḵayzurān
Nominative	خَيْزُرَانٌ ḵayzurānun	الْخَيْزُرَانُ al-ḵayzurānu	خَيْزُرَانُ ḵayzurānu
Accusative	خَيْزُرَانًا ḵayzurānan	الْخَيْزُرَانَ al-ḵayzurāna	خَيْزُرَانَ ḵayzurāna
Genitive	خَيْزُرَانٍ ḵayzurānin	الْخَيْزُرَانِ al-ḵayzurāni	خَيْزُرَانِ ḵayzurāni
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَيْزُرَانَة ḵayzurāna	الْخَيْزُرَانَة al-ḵayzurāna	خَيْزُرَانَة ḵayzurānat
Nominative	خَيْزُرَانَةٌ ḵayzurānatun	الْخَيْزُرَانَةُ al-ḵayzurānatu	خَيْزُرَانَةُ ḵayzurānatu
Accusative	خَيْزُرَانَةً ḵayzurānatan	الْخَيْزُرَانَةَ al-ḵayzurānata	خَيْزُرَانَةَ ḵayzurānata
Genitive	خَيْزُرَانَةٍ ḵayzurānatin	الْخَيْزُرَانَةِ al-ḵayzurānati	خَيْزُرَانَةِ ḵayzurānati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَيْزُرَانَتَيْن ḵayzurānatayn	الْخَيْزُرَانَتَيْن al-ḵayzurānatayn	خَيْزُرَانَتَيْ ḵayzurānatay
Nominative	خَيْزُرَانَتَانِ ḵayzurānatāni	الْخَيْزُرَانَتَانِ al-ḵayzurānatāni	خَيْزُرَانَتَا ḵayzurānatā
Accusative	خَيْزُرَانَتَيْنِ ḵayzurānatayni	الْخَيْزُرَانَتَيْنِ al-ḵayzurānatayni	خَيْزُرَانَتَيْ ḵayzurānatay
Genitive	خَيْزُرَانَتَيْنِ ḵayzurānatayni	الْخَيْزُرَانَتَيْنِ al-ḵayzurānatayni	خَيْزُرَانَتَيْ ḵayzurānatay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَيْزُرَانَات ḵayzurānāt	الْخَيْزُرَانَات al-ḵayzurānāt	خَيْزُرَانَات ḵayzurānāt
Nominative	خَيْزُرَانَاتٌ ḵayzurānātun	الْخَيْزُرَانَاتُ al-ḵayzurānātu	خَيْزُرَانَاتُ ḵayzurānātu
Accusative	خَيْزُرَانَاتٍ ḵayzurānātin	الْخَيْزُرَانَاتِ al-ḵayzurānāti	خَيْزُرَانَاتِ ḵayzurānāti
Genitive	خَيْزُرَانَاتٍ ḵayzurānātin	الْخَيْزُرَانَاتِ al-ḵayzurānāti	خَيْزُرَانَاتِ ḵayzurānāti
Plural of variety	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَيَازِر ḵayāzir	الْخَيَازِر al-ḵayāzir	خَيَازِر ḵayāzir
Nominative	خَيَازِرُ ḵayāziru	الْخَيَازِرُ al-ḵayāziru	خَيَازِرُ ḵayāziru
Accusative	خَيَازِرَ ḵayāzira	الْخَيَازِرَ al-ḵayāzira	خَيَازِرَ ḵayāzira
Genitive	خَيَازِرَ ḵayāzira	الْخَيَازِرِ al-ḵayāziri	خَيَازِرِ ḵayāziri

Descendants

• → Catalan: galzeran
• → Ottoman Turkish: هزارن
  • → Turkish: hezaren

References

• Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 690–692
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “خيزران”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[2] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 332
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “خيزران”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[3], London: Williams & Norgate, page 732
• Olmo Lete, Gregorio del with Sanmartín, Joaquín and Watson, Wilfred G. E. (2015) “ḥḏrṯ”, in A Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language in the Alphabetic Tradition (Handbook of Oriental Studies; 112), 3rd edition, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 357
• Black, Jeremy, George, Andrew, Postgate, Nicholas (2000) “ḫinzūru”, in A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, page 117
• Black, Jeremy, George, Andrew, Postgate, Nicholas (2000) “ḫazru”, in A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, page 113

1=gidru

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The Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary‎^[4], University of Pennsylvania, 2006