Persian edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭱𐭧𐭥𐭩 (dušox, hell), from Old Iranian *daužaxva, from earlier *duš-ahw-a-, from Proto-Iranian *dušHáhuš (literally bad existence), a compound of *duš- (bad) +‎ *Háhuš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hásuš (life, existence, being).

Cognates include Manichaean Middle Persian [script needed] (dwšx), [script needed] (dwšwx /⁠dušox⁠/), Middle Persian 𐬛𐬋𐬲𐬀𐬑 (dōžax), 𐬛𐬋𐬰𐬀𐬑 (dōzax), 𐬛𐬋𐬘𐬀𐬑 (dōjax), Manichaean Parthian [script needed] (dwjx /⁠dōžax⁠/), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬲𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daožauua), 𐬛𐬎𐬲𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬎 (dužaŋhu), Pashto دوغښ (doǧaẍ), Northern Kurdish doje(h) (dōža(h)), dûje(h) (dūža(h)), Baluchi دوجک (dōǰak), دوژه (dōžē).

Compare Old Armenian դժոխ (džox, hell) and Georgian ჯოჯოხეთი (ǯoǯoxeti), Iranian borrowings.

Pronunciation edit

 

Readings
Classical reading? dōzax
Dari reading? dōzax
Iranian reading? duzax
Tajik reading? düzax

Noun edit

Dari دوزخ
Iranian Persian
Tajik дӯзах

دوزَخ (duzax)

  1. hell
    Synonym: جَهَنَّم (jahannam)
    Antonym: بِهِشْت (behešt)

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

References edit

Urdu edit

 
Urdu Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ur

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Classical Persian دوزخ (dôzax), derived from Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭱𐭧𐭥𐭩 (dušox, hell), from Proto-Iranian *dušHahua (hell). Cognate with Pashto دوغښ (doǧaẍ), Baluchi دوجک (dōǰak) and Chechen жоьжахати (žöžaxati).

Pronunciation edit

  • (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /d̪oː.zəx/
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -əx
  • Hyphenation: دو‧زَخ

Noun edit

دوزَخ (dozaxm (Hindi spelling दोज़ख़)

  1. (religion) hell, hellfire
  2. (figurative) the stomach (especially one that is hungry), an empty stomach
  3. (Islam) Nafs-e-Ammarah (the human inclination or ego towards sin)

Declension edit

Declension of دوزخ
singular plural
direct دوزخ (dozax) دوزخ (dozax)
oblique دوزخ (dozax) دوزخوں (dozaxō̃)
vocative دوزخ (dozax) دوزخو (dozaxō)

Derived terms edit

References edit

  • دوزخ”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • دوزخ”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English] (in English), Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.

Ushojo edit

Etymology edit

From Urdu دوزخ (dōzax).

Noun edit

دوزخ (dōzax)

  1. hell, hellfire