دوزخ
Persian edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭱𐭧𐭥𐭩 (dušox, “hell”), from Old Iranian *daužaxva, from earlier *duš-ahw-a-, from Proto-Iranian *dušHáhuš (literally “bad existence”), a compound of *duš- (“bad”) + *Háhuš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hásuš (“life, existence, being”).
Cognates include Manichaean Middle Persian [script needed] (dwšx), [script needed] (dwšwx /dušox/), Middle Persian 𐬛𐬋𐬲𐬀𐬑 (dōžax), 𐬛𐬋𐬰𐬀𐬑 (dōzax), 𐬛𐬋𐬘𐬀𐬑 (dōjax), Manichaean Parthian [script needed] (dwjx /dōžax/), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬲𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daožauua), 𐬛𐬎𐬲𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬎 (dužaŋhu), Pashto دوغښ (doǧaẍ), Northern Kurdish doje(h) (dōža(h)), dûje(h) (dūža(h)), Baluchi دوجک (dōǰak), دوژه (dōžē).
Compare Old Armenian դժոխ (džox, “hell”) and Georgian ჯოჯოხეთი (ǯoǯoxeti), Iranian borrowings.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [doː.zax]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d̪uː.zæx]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d̪ɵ.zäχ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | dōzax |
Dari reading? | dōzax |
Iranian reading? | duzax |
Tajik reading? | düzax |
Noun edit
Dari | دوزخ |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | дӯзах |
دوزَخ • (duzax)
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Azerbaijani: duzəx
- → Baluchi: دوزخ (dózux)
- → Bengali: দোজখ (dōjokh)
- → Gurani: دۆزەخ (dōzax)
- → Hindustani:
- → Kazakh: дозақ (dozaq)
- → Kurdish:
- Southern Kurdish: دووزەخ (dûzex)
- → Ottoman Turkish: دوزخ (dûzah)
- → Uyghur: دوزاخ (dozax)
- → Pashto: دوزخ (dōzax), دوږخ (doẓax)
- → Punjabi: ਦੋਜਖ (dojakh)
- → Turkmen: dowzah
- → Uzbek: doʻzax
References edit
- Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “دوزخ”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “dušox”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
Urdu edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Classical Persian دوزخ (dôzax), derived from Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭱𐭧𐭥𐭩 (dušox, “hell”), from Proto-Iranian *dušHahua (“hell”). Cognate with Pashto دوغښ (doǧaẍ), Baluchi دوجک (dōǰak) and Chechen жоьжахати (žöžaxati).
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /d̪oː.zəx/
Audio (PK) (file) - Rhymes: -əx
- Hyphenation: دو‧زَخ
Noun edit
دوزَخ • (dozax) m (Hindi spelling दोज़ख़)
- (religion) hell, hellfire
- (figurative) the stomach (especially one that is hungry), an empty stomach
- (Islam) Nafs-e-Ammarah (the human inclination or ego towards sin)
Declension edit
Declension of دوزخ | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
direct | دوزخ (dozax) | دوزخ (dozax) |
oblique | دوزخ (dozax) | دوزخوں (dozaxō̃) |
vocative | دوزخ (dozax) | دوزخو (dozaxō) |
Derived terms edit
- دوزَخ بَھرْنا (dozax bharnā)
- دوزَخ پالْنا (dozax pālnā)
References edit
Ushojo edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
دوزخ (dōzax)