Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

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Etymology 1

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Root
ܘ ܠ ܕ (w l d)
10 terms

Inherited from Aramaic יַלְדָּא (yalədā), from Proto-Semitic *walad-; compare Arabic وَلَد (walad) and Hebrew יֶלֶד (yéled). The initial noun is borrowed from Arabic عِيَال (ʕiyāl, children) with a semantic matching with Classical Syriac, and may be considered a separate word as a learned borrowing from Classical Syriac. This written form displaced the early form ܐܝܵܠܵܐ (īyālā) written in early 17-18th century texts. This as such accounts for an initial /ʔ/ still maintained in some dialects, and has largely displaced the native ܝܲܠܘܼܕ݂ܵܐ (yalūḏā).

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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  • ܝܲܠܕܵܐ:
    • (Standard) IPA(key): [jal.dɑː]
  • ܝܵܠܵܕ݇ܐ:

Noun

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ܝܲܠܕܵܐ or ܝܵܠܵܕ݇ܐ (yaldā or yālām (plural ܝܲܠܕܹ̈ܐ (yaldē), feminine ܝܲܠܕܬܵܐ (yaldtā))

  1. a boy, male child
    ܐܝܼܡܲܢ ܕܟܹܐ ܪܵܒ݂ܹܐ، ܝܲܠܕܵܐ ܒܸܬ ܦܵܐܹܫ ܓܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ.
    īman d-kē rāḇē, yaldā bit pāˀēš gaḇrā.
    When he grows up, the boy will become a man.
  2. (in the plural) children, descendants, offspring, brood
    ܟܡܵܐ ܝܲܠܕܹ̈ܐ ܐܝܼܬ݂ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ؟
    kmā yaldē īṯ lāwḵōn?
    How many children do you have?
Usage notes
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  • The plural is used to refer to children or offspring of mixed or indifferent sex while ܒܢܘܿܢܹ̈ܐ (bnōnē) is used to specify male offspring.
  • This word is masculine and refers to children of either sex. A feminine form does not exist in many dialects, but in some dialects the word ܝܲܠܕܬܵܐ (yaldtā) is used to refer to girls instead. Thus, in these dialects that employ a feminine form, the masculine singular form is strictly for a male child.
Inflection
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Inflection of ܝܲܠܕܵܐ
isolated forms with possessive pronouns
state form person singular plural
m f
singular absolute ܝܼܠܸܕ݂ (īliḏ) 1st person ܝܲܠܕܝܼ (yaldī) ܝܲܠܕܲܢ (yaldan)
construct ܝܼܠܸܕ݂ (īliḏ) 2nd person ܝܲܠܕܘܼܟ݂ (yaldōḵ) ܝܲܠܕܵܟ݂ܝ (yaldāḵ) ܝܲܠܕܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (yaldawḵōn)
emphatic ܝܲܠܕܵܐ (yaldā) 3rd person ܝܲܠܕܹܗ (yaldēh) ܝܲܠܕܵܗ̇ (yaldāh) ܝܲܠܕܗܘܿܢ (yaldhōn)
plural absolute ܝܲܠܕܝܼ̈ܢ (yaldīn) 1st person ܝܲܠܕܝܼ̈ (yaldī) ܝܲܠܕܲܢ̈ (yaldan)
construct ܝܲܠܕܲܝ̈ (yalday) 2nd person ܝܲܠܕܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (yaldōḵ) ܝܲܠܕܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (yaldāḵ) ܝܲܠܕܲܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (yaldawḵōn)
emphatic ܝܲܠܕܹ̈ܐ (yaldē) 3rd person ܝܲܠܕܘܼ̈ܗܝ (yaldūh) ܝܲܠܕܘܼ̈ܗ̇ (yaldōh) ܝܲܠܕܲܝ̈ܗܘܿܢ (yaldayhōn)
Synonyms
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Noun

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ܝܲܠܕܵܐ (yaldām (plural ܝܲܠܕܹ̈ܐ (yaldē))

  1. birth, childbirth, delivery, nativity
    Synonym: ܡܲܘܠܵܕ݂ܵܐ (mawlāḏā)
Derived terms
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Proper noun

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ܝܲܠܕܵܐ (yaldām

  1. a male given name
  2. a surname transferred from the given name
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Persian یلدا (yaldâ), itself originally an Aramaic borrowing from the above term.

Proper noun

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ܝܲܠܕܵܐ (yaldāf

  1. Yalda (Iranian festival celebrated during the winter solstice)
  2. a female given name, Yalda, from Persian

Classical Syriac

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Etymology

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From Proto-Semitic *walad-. Compare Arabic وَلَد (walad) and Hebrew יֶלֶד (yéleḏ).

Pronunciation

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  • (Classical Edessan) IPA(key): [ˈjal.dɑ]
  • (Eastern Syriac) IPA(key): [ˈjal.dɑ]
  • (Western Syriac) IPA(key): [ˈjɑl.do]

Noun

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ܝܠܕܐ (yaldām (plural ܝܠܕܐ (yaldē))

  1. birth, childbirth, delivery, nativity
  2. birthday
  3. (astrology) horoscope
  4. offspring, brood
  5. (in the plural) children, descendants
  6. descent, generation
  7. inhabitant, resident
  8. produce, fruit
    • Peshitta, Matthew 26:29:
      ܐܡܪ ܐܢܐ ܠܟܘܢ ܕܝܢ: ܕܠܐ ܐܫܬܐ ܡܢ ܗܫܐ ܡܢ ܗܢܐ ܝܠܕܐ ܕܓܦܬܐ: ܥܕܡܐ ܠܝܘܡܐ ܕܒܗ ܐܫܬܝܘܗܝ ܥܡܟܘܢ ܚܕܬܐ. ܒܡܠܟܘܬܗ ܕܐܒܝ.
      ʾāmar [ʾĕ]nā ləḵōn dên, də-lā ʾeštē men hāšā men hānā yaldā ḏa-ḡəp̄ettā, ʿəḏammā lə-yawmā ḏə-ḇēh ʾeštīw[hy] ʿamḵōn ḥa[d]ṯā bə-malkūṯēh ḏə-ʾāḇ[y]
      But I say unto you, I will not drink henceforth of this fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father's kingdom.

Inflection

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Inflection of ܝܠܕܐ
isolated forms with possessive pronouns
state form person singular plural
m f m f
singular absolute ܝܠܕ 1st person ܝܠܕܝ ܝܠܕܢ
construct ܝܠܕ 2nd person ܝܠܕܟ ܝܠܕܟܝ ܝܠܕܟܘܢ ܝܠܕܟܝܢ
emphatic ܝܠܕܐ 3rd person ܝܠܕܗ ܝܠܕܗ ܝܠܕܗܘܢ ܝܠܕܗܝܢ
plural absolute ܝܠܕܝܢ 1st person ܝܠܕܝ ܝܠܕܝܢ
construct ܝܠܕܝ 2nd person ܝܠܕܝܟ ܝܠܕܝܟܝ ܝܠܕܝܟܘܢ ܝܠܕܝܟܝܢ
emphatic ܝܠܕܐ 3rd person ܝܠܕܘܗܝ ܝܠܕܝܗ ܝܠܕܝܗܘܢ ܝܠܕܝܗܝܢ

Descendants

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  • Persian: یلدا (yaldâ)

References

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  • yld”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2011-05-08
  • Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, pages 140b–141a
  • Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 192a
  • Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, →ISBN, pages 573a–b