ܟܝܢܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Root
ܟ ܘ ܢ (k w n)
4 terms

Etymology 1

From Aramaic כְּיָנָא (kəyānā); cognate to Arabic كِيَان (kiyān).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [kjɑːnɑː]
• (Urmia) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃjɑːnɑː]

Noun

ܟܝܵܢܵܐ • (kyānā) m sg (plural ܟܝܵܢܹ̈ܐ (kyānē))

1. nature, instinct
2. essence, substance, form
3. (Christianity, theology) nature, physis

   Coordinate terms: ܦܲܪܨܘܿܦܵܐ (parṣōpā), ܩܢܘܿܡܵܐ (qnōmā)

Inflection

Inflection of ܟܝܵܢܵܐ (kyānā)

number	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
				m	f
singular	absolute	–	1st person	ܟܝܵܢܝܼ (kyānī)		ܟܝܵܢܲܢ (kyānan)
	construct	ܟܝܵܢ (kyān)	2nd person	ܟܝܵܢܘܼܟ݂ (kyānūḵ)	ܟܝܵܢܵܟ݂ܝ (kyānāḵ)	ܟܝܵܢܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (kyānāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܟܝܵܢܵܐ (kyānā)	3rd person	ܟܝܵܢܹܗ (kyānēh)	ܟܝܵܢܵܗ̇ (kyānāh)	ܟܝܵܢܗܘܿܢ (kyānhōn)
plural	absolute	–	1st person	ܟܝܵܢܝܼ̈ (kyānī)		ܟܝܵܢܲܢ̈ (kyānan)
	construct	ܟܝܵܢܲܝ̈ (kyānay)	2nd person	ܟܝܵܢܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (kyānūḵ)	ܟܝܵܢܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (kyānāḵ)	ܟܝܵܢܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (kyānāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܟܝܵܢܹ̈ܐ (kyānē)	3rd person	ܟܝܵܢܘܼ̈ܗܝ (kyānūh)	ܟܝܵܢ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (kyānōh)	ܟܝܵܢܗ̈ܘܿܢ (kyānhōn)

Derived terms

• ܒܲܪ ܟܝܵܢܵܐ (bar kyānā, “native, endemic, natural”)
• ܒܵܬܵܪ ܟܝܵܢܵܐ (bātār kyānā, “metaphysics”)
• ܟܝܵܢܵܐܝܼܬ݂ (kyānāˀīṯ, “naturally, of course”)
• ܟܝܵܢܵܝܵܐ (kyānāyā, “natural”)
• ܡܡܲܠܠܘܼܬ ܟܝܵܢܵܝܵܬܹ̈ܐ (mmallūt kyānāyātē, “physics”)
• ܥܙܝܼܠܵܐ ܒܸܟ݂ܝܵܢܵܐ (ˁzīlā biḵyānā, “naturally, of course”)
• ܬܪܲܝܵܢܵܝ ܟܝܵܢܹ̈ܐ (trayyānāy kyānē, “Dyophysite”)

 

Proper noun

ܟܝܵܢܵܐ • (kyānā) f

1. a female given name

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Persian چین (čin, “China”), from Middle Persian 𐭰𐭩𐭭 (cyn), from Sanskrit चीन (Cīna), itself derived from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin, “Qin”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃiːnɑː]

Proper noun

ܟ̰ܝܼܢܵܐ • (čīnā) f

1. Alternative form of ܨܝܼܢܵܐ (ṣīnā)

Usage notes

Although ܟ̰ܝܼܢܵܐ (čīnā) is the most common form in the spoken language, there is a push for ܨܝܼܢܵܐ (ṣīnā) to be used more often, especially in writing. Due to it being ambiguous with ܟܝܵܢܵܐ (kyānā, “nature”) in unvocalised writing.

Derived terms

• ܟ̰ܝܼܢܵܝܵܐ (čīnāyā, “Chinese”)
• ܟ̰ܝܼܢܵܐܝܼܬ (čīnāˀīt, “Chinese language”)

Classical Syriac

Etymology

From the root ܟ-ܘ-ܢ (k-w-n) related to existing; compare Arabic كِيَان (kiyān).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [k(ə.)ˈjɑ.nɑ]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈkjɑ.nɑ]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈkjo.no]

Noun

ܟܝܢܐ • (kəyānā) m (plural ܟܝܢܐ (kəyānē))

1. nature, instinct
2. essence, substance, form
3. (Christianity, theology) nature, physis
4. procreation
5. (euphemistic, anatomy) genitalia, sex organs, private parts

Inflection

    inflection of ܟܝܢܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܟܝܢ	ܟܝܢܝܢ
construct	ܟܝܢ	ܟܝܢܝ
emphatic	ܟܝܢܐ	ܟܝܢܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܟܝܢܝ	ܟܝܢܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܟܝܢܟ	ܟܝܢܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܟܝܢܟܝ	ܟܝܢܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܟܝܢܗ	ܟܝܢܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܟܝܢܗ	ܟܝܢܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܟܝܢܢ	ܟܝܢܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܟܝܢܟܘܢ	ܟܝܢܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܟܝܢܟܝܢ	ܟܝܢܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܟܝܢܗܘܢ	ܟܝܢܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܟܝܢܗܝܢ	ܟܝܢܝܗܝܢ

Coordinate terms

• (physis): ܦܪܨܘܦܐ (parṣōp̄ā), ܩܢܘܡܐ (qənōmā)

References

• “kyn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2011-05-28
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 153a
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 213a-b
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 619b