चीन

See also: चूना, चना, चीनी, चिनी, and चैन

Hindi

Etymology

From Sanskrit चीन (cīna).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃiːn/, [t͡ʃĩːn̪]

Proper noun

चीन • (cīn) m (Urdu spelling چین‎)

1. China (a country in Asia)

Declension

Declension of चीन (sg-only masc cons-stem)

	singular
direct	चीन cīn
oblique	चीन cīn
vocative	चीन cīn

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Nepali

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡sin/, [t͡sĩn]

Proper noun

चीन • (cīn)

1. China

Declension

Declension of चीन
	Singular
nominative	चीन (cīn)
accusative	चीनलाई (cīnlāī)
instrumental	चीनले (cīnle)
dative	चीनलाई (cīnlāī)
ablative	चीनबाट (cīnbāṭa)
genitive	चीनको (cīnko)
locative	चीनमा (cīnmā)
Notes: -को (-ko) becomes: -का (-kā) when followed by a plural noun. -की (-kī) when followed by a feminine noun.

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Newar

Etymology

Ultimately from Sanskrit चीन (cīna)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [t͡ɕiːn]

Proper noun

चीन • (cīn) ? (Newa Spelling 𑐔𑐷𑐣)

1. China

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Sanskrit

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕiː.n̪ɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ɕiː.n̪ɐ/

Alternative forms

• चीण​ (cīṇa)

Etymology

Of uncertain etymology, but usually held to derive from Old Chinese 秦 (OC *zin, “Qin”). But other theories have been proposed, including derivation from 晉／晋 (jìn, “Jin”), Middle Chinese 晉 (MC t͡siɪn^H), Old Chinese 晉 (OC *ʔsins), 荊／荆 (jīng, “Jing”), or the Zina of 夜郎 (Yèláng, “Yelang”). See "Names of China" and "Chinas" at Wikipedia.

Noun

चीन • (cīna) m

1. the Chinese people; China
   • c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti 10.44:

     पौण्ड्रकाश्चौड्रद्रविडाः काम्बोजा यवनाः शकाः ।
     पारदापह्लवाश्चीनाः किराता दरदाः खशाः ॥

     pauṇḍrakāścauḍradraviḍāḥ kāmbojā yavanāḥ śakāḥ .
     pāradāpahlavāścīnāḥ kirātā daradāḥ khaśāḥ .

     the Paundrakas, the Kodas, the Dravidas, the Kambogas, the Yavanas, the Sakas,
     the Paradas, the Pahlavas, the Cinas, the Kiratas, and the Daradas.

   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 2.f, vf
   • c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 4.44.14
   • c. 200 CE, Lalitavistara Sūtra
   • c. 600 BCE – 200 BCE, Caraka
   • 550 CE, Varāhamihira, Bṛhat Saṃhitā

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of चीन (cīna)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	चीनः cīnaḥ	चीनौ cīnau	चीनाः / चीनासः¹ cīnāḥ / cīnāsaḥ¹
Vocative	चीन cīna	चीनौ cīnau	चीनाः / चीनासः¹ cīnāḥ / cīnāsaḥ¹
Accusative	चीनम् cīnam	चीनौ cīnau	चीनान् cīnān
Instrumental	चीनेन cīnena	चीनाभ्याम् cīnābhyām	चीनैः / चीनेभिः¹ cīnaiḥ / cīnebhiḥ¹
Dative	चीनाय cīnāya	चीनाभ्याम् cīnābhyām	चीनेभ्यः cīnebhyaḥ
Ablative	चीनात् cīnāt	चीनाभ्याम् cīnābhyām	चीनेभ्यः cīnebhyaḥ
Genitive	चीनस्य cīnasya	चीनयोः cīnayoḥ	चीनानाम् cīnānām
Locative	चीने cīne	चीनयोः cīnayoḥ	चीनेषु cīneṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Gandhari: 𐨕𐨁𐨣‎ (cina)
  • → Middle Persian: 𐭰𐭩𐭭‎ (čīn)
    • Persian: چین‎ (čin)
• → Middle Chinese: 支那 (MC t͡ɕiᴇ nɑ|nɑ^X|nɑ^H)
  • Chinese: 支那 (Zhīnà)
  • → Japanese: 支那 (しな, shina)
  • → Korean: 지나 (jina)
  • → Vietnamese: Chi Na
• → Malay: Cina
  • Indonesian: Cina

Usually held to be the source of:

• Arabic: اَلصِّين‎ (aṣ-ṣīn)
• English: China
• Ancient Greek: Θῖνα (Thîna); Θῖναι (Thînai)
• Latin: Sinae
• Telugu: చీనా (cīnā)

Noun

चीन • (cīna) n

1. a bandage for the corners of the eyes
   • c. 600 BCE, Suśruta, Suśruta Saṃhitā 1.18.11

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of चीन (cīna)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	चीनम् cīnam	चीने cīne	चीनानि / चीना¹ cīnāni / cīnā¹
Vocative	चीन cīna	चीने cīne	चीनानि / चीना¹ cīnāni / cīnā¹
Accusative	चीनम् cīnam	चीने cīne	चीनानि / चीना¹ cīnāni / cīnā¹
Instrumental	चीनेन cīnena	चीनाभ्याम् cīnābhyām	चीनैः / चीनेभिः¹ cīnaiḥ / cīnebhiḥ¹
Dative	चीनाय cīnāya	चीनाभ्याम् cīnābhyām	चीनेभ्यः cīnebhyaḥ
Ablative	चीनात् cīnāt	चीनाभ्याम् cīnābhyām	चीनेभ्यः cīnebhyaḥ
Genitive	चीनस्य cīnasya	चीनयोः cīnayoḥ	चीनानाम् cīnānām
Locative	चीने cīne	चीनयोः cīnayoḥ	चीनेषु cīneṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

References

• Monier Williams (1899) , “चीन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 0399.