चीन
HindiEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Sanskrit चीन (cīna).
PronunciationEdit
Proper nounEdit
चीन • (cīn) m (Urdu spelling چین)
DeclensionEdit
Declension of चीन (sg-only masc cons-stem)
singular | |
---|---|
direct | चीन cīn |
oblique | चीन cīn |
vocative | चीन cīn |
MarathiEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Sanskrit चीन (cīna).
PronunciationEdit
Proper NounEdit
चीन • (cīn) n
Derived termsEdit
- चीनी (cīnī, “Chinese language”)
ReferencesEdit
- Berntsen, Maxine, “चीन”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
NepaliEdit
PronunciationEdit
Proper nounEdit
चीन • (cīn)
DeclensionEdit
Declension of चीन | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | |||
nominative | चीन [t͡sin] | ||
accusative | चीनलाई [t͡sinläi] | ||
instrumental/ergative | चीनले [t͡sinle] | ||
dative | चीनलाई [t͡sinläi] | ||
ablative | चीनबाट [t͡sinnoʈʌ] | ||
genitive | चीनको [t͡sinko] | ||
locative | चीनमा [t͡sinmä] | ||
Notes: |
NewarEdit
EtymologyEdit
Ultimately from Sanskrit चीन (cīna)
PronunciationEdit
Proper nounEdit
SanskritEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- चीण (cīṇa)
Alternative scriptsEdit
Alternative scripts
- ᬘᬷᬦ (Balinese script)
- চীন (Assamese script)
- চীন (Bengali script)
- 𑰓𑰱𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀘𑀻𑀦 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌚𑍀𑌨 (Grantha script)
- ચીન (Gujarati script)
- ਚੀਨ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦕꦷꦤ (Javanese script)
- ចីន (Khmer script)
- ಚೀನ (Kannada script)
- ຈີນ (Lao script)
- ചീന (Malayalam script)
- 𑘓𑘲𑘡 (Modi script)
- ᢋᢈᢈᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- ᢜᡳᡳᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
- စီန (Burmese script)
- 𑦳𑧓𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐔𑐷𑐣 (Newa script)
- ଚୀନ (Oriya script)
- ꢗꢷꢥ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆖𑆵𑆤 (Sharada script)
- 𑖓𑖱𑖡 (Siddham script)
- චීන (Sinhalese script)
- చీన (Telugu script)
- จีน (Thai script)
- ཙཱི་ན (Tibetan script)
- 𑒔𑒲𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
EtymologyEdit
Uncertain, but usually held to derive from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin) (sm Qín, mc d͡ziɪn, oc *zin, "Qin"), the westernmost ancient Chinese state.[1][2][3] Other theories have been proposed, including derivation from 晉/晋 (jìn) (sm Jìn, mc t͡siɪn, oc *ʔsins, "Jin"), another important ancient state;[4] 荊/荆 (jīng) (sm Jīng, mc kˠiæŋ, oc *keŋ, "Chu"), the southernmost ancient Chinese state;[5] or Zina, the endonym of the people of the Yelang kingdom.[5] See "Names of China" and "Chinas" at Wikipedia.
PronunciationEdit
Proper nounEdit
चीन • (cīna) m
- the Cīna or China (name of a people attested in classical literature, often identified as the Chinese)
- c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti 10.44:
- पौण्ड्रकाश्चौड्रद्रविडाः काम्बोजा यवनाः शकाः ।
पारदापह्लवाश्चीनाः किराता दरदाः खशाः ॥- pauṇḍrakāścauḍradraviḍāḥ kāmbojā yavanāḥ śakāḥ .
pāradāpahlavāścīnāḥ kirātā daradāḥ khaśāḥ . - the Paundrakas, the Kodas, the Dravidas, the Kambojas, the Yavanas, the Sakas,
the Paradas, the Pahlavas, the Cinas, the Kiratas, the Daradas, and the Khasas.
- pauṇḍrakāścauḍradraviḍāḥ kāmbojā yavanāḥ śakāḥ .
- पौण्ड्रकाश्चौड्रद्रविडाः काम्बोजा यवनाः शकाः ।
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 5.19.15:
- तस्य चीनैः किरातैश्च काञ्चनैरिव संवृतम् ।
बभौ बलमनाधृष्यं कर्णिकारवनं यथा ॥- tasya cīnaiḥ kirātaiśca kāñcanairiva saṃvṛtam .
babhau balamanādhṛṣyaṃ karṇikāravanaṃ yathā . - Thronged with the Cīnas and the Kirātas, all as if (clad in) gold,
His unassailable army radiated (a splendour) like a forest of bayur trees.
- tasya cīnaiḥ kirātaiśca kāñcanairiva saṃvṛtam .
- तस्य चीनैः किरातैश्च काञ्चनैरिव संवृतम् ।
- 550 CE, Varāhamihira, Bṛhat Saṃhitā
DeclensionEdit
Masculine a-stem declension of चीन (cīna) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | चीनः cīnaḥ |
चीनौ cīnau |
चीनाः / चीनासः¹ cīnāḥ / cīnāsaḥ¹ |
Vocative | चीन cīna |
चीनौ cīnau |
चीनाः / चीनासः¹ cīnāḥ / cīnāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | चीनम् cīnam |
चीनौ cīnau |
चीनान् cīnān |
Instrumental | चीनेन cīnena |
चीनाभ्याम् cīnābhyām |
चीनैः / चीनेभिः¹ cīnaiḥ / cīnebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | चीनाय cīnāya |
चीनाभ्याम् cīnābhyām |
चीनेभ्यः cīnebhyaḥ |
Ablative | चीनात् cīnāt |
चीनाभ्याम् cīnābhyām |
चीनेभ्यः cīnebhyaḥ |
Genitive | चीनस्य cīnasya |
चीनयोः cīnayoḥ |
चीनानाम् cīnānām |
Locative | चीने cīne |
चीनयोः cīnayoḥ |
चीनेषु cīneṣu |
Notes |
|
DescendantsEdit
- Niya Prakrit: 𐨕𐨁𐨣 (cina), 𐨕𐨁𐨎𐨣 (ciṃna)
- → Middle Persian: 𐭰𐭩𐭭 (čīn)
- → Middle Chinese: 支那 (MC t͡ɕiᴇ nɑ)
- → Malay: Cina
- Indonesian: Cina
Usually held to be the source of:
- Arabic: اَلصِّين (aṣ-ṣīn)
- English: China
- Ancient Greek: Θῖνα (Thîna); Θῖναι (Thînai)
- Latin: Sinae
- Telugu: చీనా (cīnā)
NounEdit
चीन • (cīna) n
- a bandage for the corners of the eyes
DeclensionEdit
Neuter a-stem declension of चीन (cīna) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | चीनम् cīnam |
चीने cīne |
चीनानि / चीना¹ cīnāni / cīnā¹ |
Vocative | चीन cīna |
चीने cīne |
चीनानि / चीना¹ cīnāni / cīnā¹ |
Accusative | चीनम् cīnam |
चीने cīne |
चीनानि / चीना¹ cīnāni / cīnā¹ |
Instrumental | चीनेन cīnena |
चीनाभ्याम् cīnābhyām |
चीनैः / चीनेभिः¹ cīnaiḥ / cīnebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | चीनाय cīnāya |
चीनाभ्याम् cīnābhyām |
चीनेभ्यः cīnebhyaḥ |
Ablative | चीनात् cīnāt |
चीनाभ्याम् cīnābhyām |
चीनेभ्यः cīnebhyaḥ |
Genitive | चीनस्य cīnasya |
चीनयोः cīnayoḥ |
चीनानाम् cīnānām |
Locative | चीने cīne |
चीनयोः cīnayoḥ |
चीनेषु cīneṣu |
Notes |
|
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Dr M. R. Singh (1972) Geographical Data in Early Puranas, pages 172
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001), “cīna-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 191
- ^ Yule, Henry (2005) Cathay and the Way Thither[1], →ISBN, pages 2–3
- ^ Zhengzhang, Shangfang (鄭張尚芳) (2006), “古译名勘原辨讹五例 [A correction of the erroneous etymologic analyses on five ancient translated names]”, in 中国语文 (in Chinese), volume 315, →ISSN, pages 541–549
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Wade Geoff (2009-05), “The Polity of Yelang and the Origin of the Name 'China'”, in Sino-Platonic Papers[2], issue 188
- Monier Williams (1899), “चीन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0399.