चीन

HindiEdit

 
Hindi Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia hi

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Sanskrit चीन (cīna).

PronunciationEdit

  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /t͡ʃiːn/, [t͡ʃĩːn̪]

Proper nounEdit

चीन (cīnm (Urdu spelling چین‎)

  1. China (a country in Asia)

DeclensionEdit


MarathiEdit

 
Marathi Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia mr

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Sanskrit चीन (cīna).

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /t͡ɕin/, [t͡ɕiːn]

Proper NounEdit

चीन (cīnn

  1. China (a country in Asia)

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • Berntsen, Maxine, “चीन”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.

NepaliEdit

PronunciationEdit

Proper nounEdit

चीन (cīn)

  1. China

DeclensionEdit

Declension of चीन
Singular
nominative चीन [t͡sin]
accusative चीनलाई [t͡sinläi]
instrumental/ergative चीनले [t͡sinle]
dative चीनलाई [t͡sinläi]
ablative चीनबाट [t͡sinnoʈʌ]
genitive चीनको [t͡sinko]
locative चीनमा [t͡sinmä]
Notes:
  • -को (-ko) becomes:
    • -का (-kā) when followed by a plural noun.
    • -की (-kī) when followed by a feminine noun.

NewarEdit

EtymologyEdit

Ultimately from Sanskrit चीन (cīna)

PronunciationEdit

Proper nounEdit

चीन (cīna? (Newa Spelling 𑐔𑐷𑐣)

  1. China

SanskritEdit

Alternative formsEdit

Alternative scriptsEdit

EtymologyEdit

Uncertain, but usually held to derive from Old Chinese (*zin) (sm Qín, mc d͡ziɪn, oc *zin, "Qin"), the westernmost ancient Chinese state.[1][2][3] Other theories have been proposed, including derivation from (jìn) (sm Jìn, mc t͡siɪn, oc *ʔsins, "Jin"), another important ancient state;[4] (jīng) (sm Jīng, mc kˠiæŋ, oc *keŋ, "Chu"), the southernmost ancient Chinese state;[5] or Zina, the endonym of the people of the Yelang kingdom.[5] See "Names of China" and "Chinas" at Wikipedia.

PronunciationEdit

Proper nounEdit

चीन (cīnam

  1. the Cīna or China (name of a people attested in classical literature, often identified as the Chinese)
    • c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti 10.44:
      पौण्ड्रकाश्चौड्रद्रविडाः काम्बोजा यवनाः शकाः ।
      पारदापह्लवाश्चीनाः किराता दरदाः खशाः ॥
      pauṇḍrakāścauḍradraviḍāḥ kāmbojā yavanāḥ śakāḥ .
      pāradāpahlavāścīnāḥ kirātā daradāḥ khaśāḥ .
      the Paundrakas, the Kodas, the Dravidas, the Kambojas, the Yavanas, the Sakas,
      the Paradas, the Pahlavas, the Cinas, the Kiratas, the Daradas, and the Khasas.
    • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 5.19.15:
      तस्य चीनैः किरातैश्च काञ्चनैरिव संवृतम् ।
      बभौ बलमनाधृष्यं कर्णिकारवनं यथा ॥
      tasya cīnaiḥ kirātaiśca kāñcanairiva saṃvṛtam .
      babhau balamanādhṛṣyaṃ karṇikāravanaṃ yathā .
      Thronged with the Cīnas and the Kirātas, all as if (clad in) gold,
      His unassailable army radiated (a splendour) like a forest of bayur trees.
    • c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 4.44.14
    • c. 600 BCE – 200 BCE, Caraka
    • 550 CE, Varāhamihira, Bṛhat Saṃhitā

DeclensionEdit

Masculine a-stem declension of चीन (cīna)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative चीनः
cīnaḥ
चीनौ
cīnau
चीनाः / चीनासः¹
cīnāḥ / cīnāsaḥ¹
Vocative चीन
cīna
चीनौ
cīnau
चीनाः / चीनासः¹
cīnāḥ / cīnāsaḥ¹
Accusative चीनम्
cīnam
चीनौ
cīnau
चीनान्
cīnān
Instrumental चीनेन
cīnena
चीनाभ्याम्
cīnābhyām
चीनैः / चीनेभिः¹
cīnaiḥ / cīnebhiḥ¹
Dative चीनाय
cīnāya
चीनाभ्याम्
cīnābhyām
चीनेभ्यः
cīnebhyaḥ
Ablative चीनात्
cīnāt
चीनाभ्याम्
cīnābhyām
चीनेभ्यः
cīnebhyaḥ
Genitive चीनस्य
cīnasya
चीनयोः
cīnayoḥ
चीनानाम्
cīnānām
Locative चीने
cīne
चीनयोः
cīnayoḥ
चीनेषु
cīneṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

DescendantsEdit

  • Niya Prakrit: 𐨕𐨁𐨣(cina), 𐨕𐨁𐨎𐨣(ciṃna)
  • Middle Persian: 𐭰𐭩𐭭(čīn)
  • Middle Chinese: 支那 (MC t͡ɕiᴇ nɑ)
  • Malay: Cina

Usually held to be the source of:

NounEdit

चीन (cīnan

  1. a bandage for the corners of the eyes

DeclensionEdit

Neuter a-stem declension of चीन (cīna)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative चीनम्
cīnam
चीने
cīne
चीनानि / चीना¹
cīnāni / cīnā¹
Vocative चीन
cīna
चीने
cīne
चीनानि / चीना¹
cīnāni / cīnā¹
Accusative चीनम्
cīnam
चीने
cīne
चीनानि / चीना¹
cīnāni / cīnā¹
Instrumental चीनेन
cīnena
चीनाभ्याम्
cīnābhyām
चीनैः / चीनेभिः¹
cīnaiḥ / cīnebhiḥ¹
Dative चीनाय
cīnāya
चीनाभ्याम्
cīnābhyām
चीनेभ्यः
cīnebhyaḥ
Ablative चीनात्
cīnāt
चीनाभ्याम्
cīnābhyām
चीनेभ्यः
cīnebhyaḥ
Genitive चीनस्य
cīnasya
चीनयोः
cīnayoḥ
चीनानाम्
cīnānām
Locative चीने
cīne
चीनयोः
cīnayoḥ
चीनेषु
cīneṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Dr M. R. Singh (1972) Geographical Data in Early Puranas, pages 172
  2. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001), “cīna-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 191
  3. ^ Yule, Henry (2005) Cathay and the Way Thither[1], →ISBN, pages 2–3
  4. ^ Zhengzhang, Shangfang (鄭張尚芳) (2006), “古译名勘原辨讹五例 [A correction of the erroneous etymologic analyses on five ancient translated names]”, in 中国语文 (in Chinese), volume 315, →ISSN, pages 541–549
  5. 5.0 5.1 Wade Geoff (2009-05), “The Polity of Yelang and the Origin of the Name 'China'”, in Sino-Platonic Papers[2], issue 188