चीन
Hindi
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Sanskrit चीन (cīna), possibly from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin).
Pronunciation
editProper noun
editचीन • (cīn) m (Urdu spelling چین)
Declension
editsingular | |
---|---|
direct | चीन cīn |
oblique | चीन cīn |
vocative | चीन cīn |
Descendants
editSee also
edit- अफ़्ग़ानिस्तान (afġānistān)
- आज़र्बैजान (āzarbaijān)
- आर्मीनिया (ārmīniyā)
- इंडोनेशिया (iṇḍoneśiyā)
- इराक़ (irāq)
- इस्राइल (isrāil)
- ईरान (īrān)
- उज़्बेकिस्तान (uzbekistān)
- उत्तर कोरिया (uttar koriyā)
- ओमान (omān)
- कंबोडिया (kamboḍiyā)
- कज़ाख़स्तान (kazāxastān)
- क़तर (qatar)
- किर्गिज़स्तान (kirgizastān)
- कुवैत (kuvait)
- चीन (cīn)
- जापान (jāpān)
- जॉर्जिया (jŏrjiyā)
- जॉर्डन (jŏrḍan)
- ताइवान (tāivān)
- ताजिकिस्तान (tājikistān)
- तुर्कमेनिस्तान (turkamenistān)
- तुर्की (turkī)
- थाईलैंड (thāīlaiṇḍ)
- दक्षिण कोरिया (dakṣiṇ koriyā)
- नेपाल (nepāl)
- पाकिस्तान (pākistān)
- पूर्वी तिमोर (pūrvī timor)
- फ़िलिस्तीन (filistīn)
- फ़िलीपीन्स (filīpīns)
- बहरीन (bahrīn)
- बांग्लादेश (bāṅglādeś)
- ब्रुनेई (bruneī)
- भारत (bhārat)
- भूटान (bhūṭān)
- मंगोलिया (maṅgoliyā)
- मलेशिया (maleśiyā)
- मालदीव (māldīv)
- मिस्र (misra)
- म्यांमार (myā̃mār)
- रूस (rūs)
- लाओस (lāos)
- लेबनान (lebnān)
- वियतनाम (viyatnām)
- श्रीलंका (śrīlaṅkā)
- संयुक्त अरब अमीरात (sãyukt arab amīrāt)
- सउदी अरब (saudī arab)
- साइप्रस (sāipras)
- सिंगापुर (siṅgāpur)
- सीरिया (sīriyā)
Marathi
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Sanskrit चीन (cīna).
Pronunciation
editProper noun
editचीन • (cīn) n
Derived terms
edit- चीनी (cīnī, “Chinese language”)
See also
edit- अझरबैजान (aj̈harbaijān)
- अफगाणिस्तान (aphgāṇistān)
- आर्मेनिया (ārmeniyā)
- इंडोनेशिया (iṇḍoneśiyā)
- इजिप्त (ijipta)
- इराक (irāk)
- इराण (irāṇ)
- इस्रायल (isrāyal)
- उझबेकिस्तान (uj̈hbekistān)
- उत्तर कोरिया (uttar koriyā)
- ओमान (omān)
- कंबोडिया (kamboḍiyā)
- कझाकस्तान (kaj̈hākastān)
- कतार (katār)
- किर्गिझस्तान (kirgij̈hstān)
- कुवेत (kuvet)
- चीन (cīn)
- जपान (japān)
- जॉर्डन (jŏrḍan)
- ताजिकिस्तान (tājikistān)
- तुर्कमेनिस्तान (turkamenistān)
- तुर्की (turkī)
- थायलंड (thāylaṇḍa)
- दक्षिण कोरिया (dakṣiṇ koriyā)
- नेपाळ (nepāḷ)
- पाकिस्तान (pākistān)
- पूर्व तिमोर (pūrva timor)
- फिलीपाईन्स (philīpāīnsa)
- बहरैन (bahrain)
- बांगलादेश (bāṅglādeś)
- ब्रुनेई (bruneī)
- भारत (bhārat)
- भूतान (bhūtān)
- मंगोलिया (maṅgoliyā)
- मलेशिया (maleśiyā)
- मालदीव (māldīv)
- म्यानमार (myānmār)
- येमेन (yemen)
- रशिया (raśiyā)
- लाओस (lāos)
- लेबनॉन (lebnŏn)
- व्हियेतनाम (vhiyetnām)
- श्रीलंका (śrīlaṅkā)
- संयुक्त अरब अमिराती (saiyukta arab amirātī)
- सायप्रस (sāyapras)
- सिंगापूर (siṅgāpūr)
- सीरिया (sīriyā)
- सौदी अरेबिया (saudī arebiyā)
References
edit- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “चीन”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
Nepali
editPronunciation
editProper noun
editचीन • (cīna)
Declension
editDeclension of चीन | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | |||
nominative | चीन [t͡sin] | ||
accusative | चीनलाई [t͡sinläi] | ||
instrumental/ergative | चीनले [t͡sinle] | ||
dative | चीनलाई [t͡sinläi] | ||
ablative | चीनबाट [t͡sinnoʈʌ] | ||
genitive | चीनको [t͡sinko] | ||
locative | चीनमा [t͡sinmä] | ||
Notes: |
Newar
editEtymology
editUltimately from Sanskrit चीन (cīna)
Pronunciation
editProper noun
editSanskrit
editAlternative forms
edit- चीण (cīṇa)
Alternative scripts
editAlternative scripts
- চীন (Assamese script)
- ᬘᬷᬦ (Balinese script)
- চীন (Bengali script)
- 𑰓𑰱𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀘𑀻𑀦 (Brahmi script)
- စီန (Burmese script)
- ચીન (Gujarati script)
- ਚੀਨ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌚𑍀𑌨 (Grantha script)
- ꦕꦷꦤ (Javanese script)
- 𑂒𑂲𑂢 (Kaithi script)
- ಚೀನ (Kannada script)
- ចីន (Khmer script)
- ຈີນ (Lao script)
- ചീന (Malayalam script)
- ᢜᡳᡳᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘓𑘲𑘡 (Modi script)
- ᢋᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦳𑧓𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐔𑐷𑐣 (Newa script)
- ଚୀନ (Odia script)
- ꢗꢷꢥ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆖𑆵𑆤 (Sharada script)
- 𑖓𑖱𑖡 (Siddham script)
- චීන (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩡𑩑𑩛𑩯 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚏𑚯𑚝 (Takri script)
- சீந (Tamil script)
- చీన (Telugu script)
- จีน (Thai script)
- ཙཱི་ན (Tibetan script)
- 𑒔𑒲𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨣𑨁𑨊𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
editUncertain, but usually held to derive from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin) (sm Qín, mc d͡ziɪn, oc *zin, "Qin"), the westernmost ancient Chinese state.[1][2][3] Other theories have been proposed, including derivation from 晉 / 晋 (jìn) (sm Jìn, mc t͡siɪn, oc *ʔsins, "Jin"), another important ancient state;[4] 荊 / 荆 (jīng) (sm Jīng, mc kˠiæŋ, oc *keŋ, "Chu"), the southernmost ancient Chinese state;[5] or Zina, the endonym of the people of the Yelang kingdom.[5] See "Names of China" and "Chinas" at Wikipedia.
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /t͡ɕiː.n̪ɐ/
Proper noun
editचीन • (cīna) m
- the Cīna or China (name of a people attested in classical literature, often identified as the Chinese)
- c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti 10.44:
- पौण्ड्रकाश्चौड्रद्रविडाः काम्बोजा यवनाः शकाः ।
पारदापह्लवाश्चीनाः किराता दरदाः खशाः ॥- pauṇḍrakāścauḍradraviḍāḥ kāmbojā yavanāḥ śakāḥ.
pāradāpahlavāścīnāḥ kirātā daradāḥ khaśāḥ. - the Paundrakas, the Kodas, the Dravidas, the Kambojas, the Yavanas, the Sakas,
the Paradas, the Pahlavas, the Cinas, the Kiratas, the Daradas, and the Khasas.
- pauṇḍrakāścauḍradraviḍāḥ kāmbojā yavanāḥ śakāḥ.
- पौण्ड्रकाश्चौड्रद्रविडाः काम्बोजा यवनाः शकाः ।
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 5.19.15:
- तस्य चीनैः किरातैश्च काञ्चनैरिव संवृतम् ।
बभौ बलमनाधृष्यं कर्णिकारवनं यथा ॥- tasya cīnaiḥ kirātaiśca kāñcanairiva saṃvṛtam.
babhau balamanādhṛṣyaṃ karṇikāravanaṃ yathā. - Thronged with the Cīnas and the Kirātas, all as if (clad in) gold,
His unassailable army radiated (a splendour) like a forest of bayur trees.
- tasya cīnaiḥ kirātaiśca kāñcanairiva saṃvṛtam.
- तस्य चीनैः किरातैश्च काञ्चनैरिव संवृतम् ।
- 550 CE, Varāhamihira, Bṛhat Saṃhitā
Declension
editsingular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | चीनः (cīnaḥ) | चीनौ (cīnau) चीना¹ (cīnā¹) |
चीनाः (cīnāḥ) चीनासः¹ (cīnāsaḥ¹) |
accusative | चीनम् (cīnam) | चीनौ (cīnau) चीना¹ (cīnā¹) |
चीनान् (cīnān) |
instrumental | चीनेन (cīnena) | चीनाभ्याम् (cīnābhyām) | चीनैः (cīnaiḥ) चीनेभिः¹ (cīnebhiḥ¹) |
dative | चीनाय (cīnāya) | चीनाभ्याम् (cīnābhyām) | चीनेभ्यः (cīnebhyaḥ) |
ablative | चीनात् (cīnāt) | चीनाभ्याम् (cīnābhyām) | चीनेभ्यः (cīnebhyaḥ) |
genitive | चीनस्य (cīnasya) | चीनयोः (cīnayoḥ) | चीनानाम् (cīnānām) |
locative | चीने (cīne) | चीनयोः (cīnayoḥ) | चीनेषु (cīneṣu) |
vocative | चीन (cīna) | चीनौ (cīnau) चीना¹ (cīnā¹) |
चीनाः (cīnāḥ) चीनासः¹ (cīnāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
edit- Niya Prakrit: 𐨕𐨁𐨣 (cina), 𐨕𐨁𐨎𐨣 (ciṃna)
- → Middle Persian: 𐭰𐭩𐭭 (čīn)
- → Middle Chinese: 支那 (MC tsye na)
- → Malay: Cina
- Indonesian: Cina
- → Malayalam: ചീന (cīna)
- → Telugu: చీనా (cīnā)
- → Kannada: ಚೀನಾ (cīnā)
Noun
editचीन • (cīna) stem, n
- a bandage for the corners of the eyes
Declension
editsingular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | चीनम् (cīnam) | चीने (cīne) | चीनानि (cīnāni) चीना¹ (cīnā¹) |
accusative | चीनम् (cīnam) | चीने (cīne) | चीनानि (cīnāni) चीना¹ (cīnā¹) |
instrumental | चीनेन (cīnena) | चीनाभ्याम् (cīnābhyām) | चीनैः (cīnaiḥ) चीनेभिः¹ (cīnebhiḥ¹) |
dative | चीनाय (cīnāya) | चीनाभ्याम् (cīnābhyām) | चीनेभ्यः (cīnebhyaḥ) |
ablative | चीनात् (cīnāt) | चीनाभ्याम् (cīnābhyām) | चीनेभ्यः (cīnebhyaḥ) |
genitive | चीनस्य (cīnasya) | चीनयोः (cīnayoḥ) | चीनानाम् (cīnānām) |
locative | चीने (cīne) | चीनयोः (cīnayoḥ) | चीनेषु (cīneṣu) |
vocative | चीन (cīna) | चीने (cīne) | चीनानि (cīnāni) चीना¹ (cīnā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
References
edit- ^ Dr M. R. Singh (1972) Geographical Data in Early Puranas, page 172
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “cīna-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 191
- ^ Yule, Henry (2005) Cathay and the Way Thither[2], →ISBN, pages 2–3
- ^ Zhengzhang, Shangfang (鄭張尚芳) (2006) “古译名勘原辨讹五例 [A correction of the erroneous etymologic analyses on five ancient translated names]”, in 中国语文 (in Chinese), volume 315, →ISSN, pages 541–549
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Wade Geoff (2009-05) “The Polity of Yelang and the Origin of the Name 'China'”, in Sino-Platonic Papers[3], number 188
- Monier Williams (1899) “चीन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0399.
Categories:
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from Old Chinese
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi proper nouns
- Hindi masculine nouns
- hi:China
- hi:Countries in Asia
- Hindi uncountable nouns
- Hindi masculine consonant-stem nouns
- Marathi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Marathi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Marathi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Marathi lemmas
- Marathi proper nouns
- Marathi neuter nouns
- mr:China
- mr:Countries in Asia
- Nepali terms with IPA pronunciation
- Nepali lemmas
- Nepali proper nouns
- Newar terms derived from Sanskrit
- Newar terms with IPA pronunciation
- Newar lemmas
- Newar proper nouns
- Newar proper nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit terms derived from Old Chinese
- Sanskrit terms with unknown etymologies
- Sanskrit terms borrowed from Old Chinese
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit proper nouns
- Sanskrit masculine nouns
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit neuter nouns
- sa:Demonyms