चीन

Hindi

Hindi Wikipedia has an article on:

चीन

Wikipedia ^hi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit चीन (cīna), possibly from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin).

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃiːn/, [t͡ʃĩːn]

Proper noun

चीन • (cīn) m (Urdu spelling چین)

China (a country in Asia)

Declension

Declension of *चीन* (sg-only masc cons-stem)
	singular
direct	चीन cīn
oblique	चीन cīn
vocative	चीन cīn

Descendants

→? Portuguese: China
- → English: China
- → Hunsrik: China

Marathi

Marathi Wikipedia has an article on:

चीन

Wikipedia ^mr

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit चीन (cīna).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /t͡ɕin/, [t͡ɕiːn]

Proper noun

चीन • (cīn) n

China (a country in Asia)

Derived terms

चीनी (cīnī, “Chinese language”)

References

Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “चीन”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

Nepali

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [t͡sinʌ]
Phonetic Devanagari: चिन्

Proper noun

चीन • (cīna)

China

Declension

Declension of चीन
	Singular
nominative	चीन [t͡sin]
accusative	चीनलाई [t͡sinläi]
instrumental/ergative	चीनले [t͡sinle]
dative	चीनलाई [t͡sinläi]
ablative	चीनबाट [t͡sinnoʈʌ]
genitive	चीनको [t͡sinko]
locative	चीनमा [t͡sinmä]

Notes: -को (-ko) becomes: -का (-kā) when followed by a plural noun. -की (-kī) when followed by a feminine noun.

Newar

Etymology

Ultimately from Sanskrit चीन (cīna)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [t͡ɕiːnə]

Proper noun

चीन • (cīna) ? (Newa Spelling 𑐔𑐷𑐣)

China

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

चीण (cīṇa)

Alternative scripts

চীন (Assamese script)
ᬘᬷᬦ (Balinese script)
চীন (Bengali script)
𑰓𑰱𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀘𑀻𑀦 (Brahmi script)
စီန (Burmese script)
ચીન (Gujarati script)
ਚੀਨ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌚𑍀𑌨 (Grantha script)
ꦕꦷꦤ (Javanese script)
𑂒𑂲𑂢 (Kaithi script)
ಚೀನ (Kannada script)
ចីន (Khmer script)
ຈີນ (Lao script)
ചീന (Malayalam script)
ᢜᡳᡳᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘓𑘲𑘡 (Modi script)
ᢋᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦳𑧓𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
𑐔𑐷𑐣 (Newa script)
ଚୀନ (Odia script)
ꢗꢷꢥ (Saurashtra script)
𑆖𑆵𑆤 (Sharada script)
𑖓𑖱𑖡 (Siddham script)
චීන (Sinhalese script)
𑩡𑩑𑩛𑩯 (Soyombo script)
𑚏𑚯𑚝 (Takri script)
சீந (Tamil script)
చీన (Telugu script)
จีน (Thai script)
ཙཱི་ན (Tibetan script)
𑒔𑒲𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
𑨣𑨁𑨊𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Uncertain, but usually held to derive from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin) (sm Qín, mc d͡ziɪn, oc *zin, "Qin"), the westernmost ancient Chinese state.^[1]^[2]^[3] Other theories have been proposed, including derivation from 晉 / 晋 (jìn) (sm Jìn, mc t͡siɪn, oc *ʔsins, "Jin"), another important ancient state;^[4] 荊 / 荆 (jīng) (sm Jīng, mc kˠiæŋ, oc *keŋ, "Chu"), the southernmost ancient Chinese state;^[5] or Zina, the endonym of the people of the Yelang kingdom.^[5] See "Names of China" and "Chinas" at Wikipedia.

Pronunciation

(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕiː.n̪ɐ/

Proper noun

चीन • (cīna) m

the Cīna or China (name of a people attested in classical literature, often identified as the Chinese)
- c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti 10.44:
  पौण्ड्रकाश्चौड्रद्रविडाः काम्बोजा यवनाः शकाः ।
  पारदापह्लवाश्चीनाः किराता दरदाः खशाः ॥
  pauṇḍrakāścauḍradraviḍāḥ kāmbojā yavanāḥ śakāḥ.
  pāradāpahlavāścīnāḥ kirātā daradāḥ khaśāḥ.
  the Paundrakas, the Kodas, the Dravidas, the Kambojas, the Yavanas, the Sakas,
  the Paradas, the Pahlavas, the Cinas, the Kiratas, the Daradas, and the Khasas.
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 5.19.15:
  तस्य चीनैः किरातैश्च काञ्चनैरिव संवृतम् ।
  बभौ बलमनाधृष्यं कर्णिकारवनं यथा ॥
  tasya cīnaiḥ kirātaiśca kāñcanairiva saṃvṛtam.
  babhau balamanādhṛṣyaṃ karṇikāravanaṃ yathā.
  Thronged with the Cīnas and the Kirātas, all as if (clad in) gold,
  His unassailable army radiated (a splendour) like a forest of bayur trees.
- c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 4.44.14
- c. 200 CE, Lalitavistara Sūtra
- c. 600 BCE – 200 BCE, Caraka
- 550 CE, Varāhamihira, Bṛhat Saṃhitā

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of चीन
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	चीनः (cīnaḥ)	चीनौ (cīnau) चीना¹ (cīnā¹)	चीनाः (cīnāḥ) चीनासः¹ (cīnāsaḥ¹)
accusative	चीनम् (cīnam)	चीनौ (cīnau) चीना¹ (cīnā¹)	चीनान् (cīnān)
instrumental	चीनेन (cīnena)	चीनाभ्याम् (cīnābhyām)	चीनैः (cīnaiḥ) चीनेभिः¹ (cīnebhiḥ¹)
dative	चीनाय (cīnāya)	चीनाभ्याम् (cīnābhyām)	चीनेभ्यः (cīnebhyaḥ)
ablative	चीनात् (cīnāt)	चीनाभ्याम् (cīnābhyām)	चीनेभ्यः (cīnebhyaḥ)
genitive	चीनस्य (cīnasya)	चीनयोः (cīnayoḥ)	चीनानाम् (cīnānām)
locative	चीने (cīne)	चीनयोः (cīnayoḥ)	चीनेषु (cīneṣu)
vocative	चीन (cīna)	चीनौ (cīnau) चीना¹ (cīnā¹)	चीनाः (cīnāḥ) चीनासः¹ (cīnāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Niya Prakrit: 𐨕𐨁𐨣 (cina), 𐨕𐨁𐨎𐨣 (ciṃna)
→ Middle Persian: 𐭰𐭩𐭭 (čīn)
- Classical Persian: چین (čīn)
  - Dari: چین (čīn)
  - Iranian Persian: چین (čin)
  - Tajik: Чин (Čin)
  - → Arabic: اَلصِّين (aṣ-ṣīn)
    - → Ancient Greek: Θῖνα (Thîna), Θῖναι (Thînai), Σῖναι (Sînai), Τζίνιστα (Tzínista)
      - → Latin: Sīna, Sinae
  - → Venetan: Cina
    - → Italian: Cina
    - → Portuguese: China
      - → English: China
      - → Dutch: China
        → German: China
    - → Sardinian: Cina
    - → Spanish: China
      - → Tagalog: Tsina
  - → Old French: Chin
    - French: Chine
→ Middle Chinese: 支那 (MC tsye na)
- Chinese: 支那 (Zhīnà)
- → Japanese: 支那 (しな, shina)
- → Korean: 지나 (jina)
- → Vietnamese: Chi Na
→ Malay: Cina
- Indonesian: Cina
→ Malayalam: ചീന (cīna)
→ Telugu: చీనా (cīnā)
→ Kannada: ಚೀನಾ (cīnā)

Noun

चीन • (cīna) stem, n

a bandage for the corners of the eyes
- c. 600 BCE – 600 CE, Suśruta, Suśruta Saṃhitā 1.18.11

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of चीन
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	चीनम् (cīnam)	चीने (cīne)	चीनानि (cīnāni) चीना¹ (cīnā¹)
accusative	चीनम् (cīnam)	चीने (cīne)	चीनानि (cīnāni) चीना¹ (cīnā¹)
instrumental	चीनेन (cīnena)	चीनाभ्याम् (cīnābhyām)	चीनैः (cīnaiḥ) चीनेभिः¹ (cīnebhiḥ¹)
dative	चीनाय (cīnāya)	चीनाभ्याम् (cīnābhyām)	चीनेभ्यः (cīnebhyaḥ)
ablative	चीनात् (cīnāt)	चीनाभ्याम् (cīnābhyām)	चीनेभ्यः (cīnebhyaḥ)
genitive	चीनस्य (cīnasya)	चीनयोः (cīnayoḥ)	चीनानाम् (cīnānām)
locative	चीने (cīne)	चीनयोः (cīnayoḥ)	चीनेषु (cīneṣu)
vocative	चीन (cīna)	चीने (cīne)	चीनानि (cīnāni) चीना¹ (cīnā¹)

¹Vedic

References

^ Dr M. R. Singh (1972) Geographical Data in Early Puranas, page 172
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “cīna-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 191
^ Yule, Henry (2005) Cathay and the Way Thither‎^[2], →ISBN, pages 2–3
^ Zhengzhang, Shangfang (鄭張尚芳) (2006) “古译名勘原辨讹五例 [A correction of the erroneous etymologic analyses on five ancient translated names]”, in 中国语文 (in Chinese), volume 315, →ISSN, pages 541–549
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Wade Geoff (2009-05) “The Polity of Yelang and the Origin of the Name 'China'”, in Sino-Platonic Papers‎^[3], number 188

Monier Williams (1899) “चीन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0399.

[Singh-1] Dr M. R. Singh (1972) Geographical Data in Early Puranas, page 172

[Mayrhofer-2] Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “cīna-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 191

[Yule-3] Yule, Henry (2005) Cathay and the Way Thither‎^[2], →ISBN, pages 2–3

[Zhengzhang-4] Zhengzhang, Shangfang (鄭張尚芳) (2006) “古译名勘原辨讹五例 [A correction of the erroneous etymologic analyses on five ancient translated names]”, in 中国语文 (in Chinese), volume 315, →ISSN, pages 541–549

[Wade-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Wade Geoff (2009-05) “The Polity of Yelang and the Origin of the Name 'China'”, in Sino-Platonic Papers‎^[3], number 188

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

चीन

Contents

Hindi

Etymology

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Declension

Descendants

See also

Marathi

Etymology

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Derived terms

See also

References

Nepali

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Declension

Newar

Etymology

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

Etymology

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Declension

Descendants

Noun

Declension

References