एतद्

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

• etad (Latin script)
• 𑀏𑀢𑀤𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• এতদ্ (Bengali script)
• එතද් (Sinhalese script)
• ဧတဒ် or ဨတဒ် or ဢေတၻ် (Burmese script)
• เอตทฺ or เอตัท (Thai script)
• ᩑᨲᨴ᩺ (Tai Tham script)
• ເອຕທ຺ or ເອຕັທ (Lao script)
• ឯតទ៑ (Khmer script)
• 𑄃𑄬𑄖𑄘𑄴 (Chakma script)

Adjective

एतद्

1. Devanagari script form of etad, which is nominative/accusative singular neuter of एत (eta, “this”)

Pronoun

एतद् n

1. Devanagari script form of etad, which is nominative/accusative singular of एत (eta, “this one”)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• এতদ্ (Assamese script)
• ᬏᬢᬤ᭄ (Balinese script)
• এতদ্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰊𑰝𑰟𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀏𑀢𑀤𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• ဧတဒ် (Burmese script)
• એતદ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਏਤਦੑ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌏𑌤𑌦𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦌꦠꦢ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂉𑂞𑂠𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಏತದ್ (Kannada script)
• ឯតទ៑ (Khmer script)
• ເອຕທ຺ (Lao script)
• ഏതദ് (Malayalam script)
• ᡝᢠᠠᡩ (Manchu script)
• 𑘊𑘝𑘟𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᠧᢐᠠᢑ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦪𑦽𑦿𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐊𑐟𑐡𑑂 (Newa script)
• ଏତଦ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢍꢡꢣ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆍𑆠𑆢𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖊𑖝𑖟𑖿 (Siddham script)
• එතද් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩔𑩫𑩭 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚆𑚙𑚛𑚶 (Takri script)
• ஏதத்³ (Tamil script)
• ఏతద్ (Telugu script)
• เอตทฺ (Thai script)
• ཨེ་ཏ་ད྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒋𑒞𑒠𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨄𑨙𑨛𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Equivalent to Proto-Indo-European *éy + *tód. Compare Russian этот (etot), Latin istud.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐj.tɐ́d/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈeː.t̪ɐd̪/

Pronoun

एतद् • (etád)

1. this, this here

   एष बाणः ― eṣa bāṇaḥ ― this arrow

   एष कालः ― eṣa kālaḥ ― this time, i.e. now

   • (Can we date this quote?), The Buddha, Dhammapada(pāḷi) (subsequently translated from Pali to Sanskrit), Yamakavagga, page 26; republished in The Eighteenth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Khuddaka-Nikāya‎^[1], Colombo, 2009:

     5. න හි වෛරෙණ වෛරාණී ශාම්‍යන‍්තීහ කදාචන
     ක්‍ෂාන‍්ත්‍යා වෛරාණී ශම්‍යන‍්ති එෂ ධර්‍මඃ සනාතනඃ.

     5. Na hi vaireṇa vairāṇi śāmyantīha kadācana.
     Kṣāntyā vairāṇi śāmyanti eṣa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ.

     5. For in this world hatreds are not ever settled by hatred.
     Hatreds are settled by forbearance. This is an eternal truth.

     (literally, “5. For in this world hatreds are not ever settled by hatred.
     Hatreds are settled by forbearance. This truth is eternal.”)

     (Wiktionary translation adapted from translation of the Pali by Ajahn Sujato.)

2. sometimes used to give emphasis to the personal pronouns

   एषोऽहम् ― eṣoʼham ― I (emphatic); the person right here

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of एत (eta)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	एषः / एष eṣaḥ / eṣa	एतौ / एता¹ etau / etā¹	एते ete
Vocative	- -	- -	- -
Accusative	एतम् etam	एतौ / एता¹ etau / etā¹	एतान् etān
Instrumental	एतेन etena	एताभ्याम् etābhyām	एतैः / एतेभिः¹ etaiḥ / etebhiḥ¹
Dative	एतस्मै etasmai	एताभ्याम् etābhyām	एतेभ्यः etebhyaḥ
Ablative	एतस्मात् / एततः etasmāt / etataḥ	एताभ्याम् / एततः etābhyām / etataḥ	एतेभ्यः / एततः etebhyaḥ / etataḥ
Genitive	एतस्य etasya	एतयोः etayoḥ	एतेषाम् eteṣām
Locative	एतस्मिन् etasmin	एतयोः etayoḥ	एतेषु eteṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of एता (etā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	एषा eṣā́	एते ete	एताः etāḥ
Vocative	- -	- -	- -
Accusative	एताम् etām	एते ete	एताः etāḥ
Instrumental	एतया / एता¹ etayā / etā¹	एताभ्याम् etābhyām	एताभिः etābhiḥ
Dative	एतस्यै etasyai	एताभ्याम् etābhyām	एताभ्यः etābhyaḥ
Ablative	एतस्याः / एततः etasyāḥ / etataḥ	एताभ्याम् / एततः etābhyām / etataḥ	एतेभ्यः / एततः etebhyaḥ / etataḥ
Genitive	एतस्याः etasyāḥ	एतयोः etayoḥ	एतासाम् etāsām
Locative	एतस्याम् etasyām	एतयोः etayoḥ	एतासु etāsu
Notes	¹Vedic

Neuter a-stem declension of एत (eta)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	एतत् etat	एते ete	एतानि etāni
Vocative	- -	- -	- -
Accusative	एतत् etat	एते ete	एतानि etāni
Instrumental	एतेन etena	एताभ्याम् etābhyām	एतैः / एतेभिः¹ etaiḥ / etebhiḥ¹
Dative	एतस्मै etasmai	एताभ्याम् etābhyām	एतेभ्यः etebhyaḥ
Ablative	एतस्मात् / एततः etasmāt / etataḥ	एताभ्याम् / एततः etābhyām / etataḥ	एतेभ्यः / एततः etebhyaḥ / etataḥ
Genitive	एतस्य etasya	एतयोः etayoḥ	एतेषाम् eteṣām
Locative	एतस्मिन् etasmin	एतयोः etayoḥ	एतेषु eteṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Kalami: aṣe
  • Khowar: ہیس (hes)
  • Torwali: اے (e)
• Pali: eso, eta
• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀏𑀱 (eṣa), 𑀏𑀲 (esa), 𑀏𑀲𑀸 (esā)
  • Prakrit: 𑀏𑀲𑁄 (eso), 𑀏𑀅𑀁 (eaṃ), 𑀏𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (eassa)
    • Central:
      • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
        • Awadhi: यह (yah), एहु (ehu), इउ (iu)
      • Sauraseni Prakrit:
        • Domaaki: [script needed] (hei)
        • Old Hindi: यहु (yahu), यह (yaha), यौ (yau)
          • Braj: यह (yah)
          • Hindustani:

            Hindi: यह (yah)

            Urdu: یہ (yah)

    • Eastern:
      • Magadhi Prakrit:
        • Assamese: ই (i), এই (ei)
        • Bengali: এ (e), এত (et)
        • Bihari:
          • Maithili: ई (ī), एँ (ē̃)
        • Odia: ଏ (e)
    • Northern:
      • Khasa Prakrit:
        • Central Pahari:
          • Kumaoni: यो (yo)
        • Eastern Pahari:
          • Nepali: यो (yo), यस (yas)
        • Western Pahari:
          • Bhadrawahi: ई (ī), इस (is)
    • Northwestern:
      • Paisaci Prakrit:
        • Takka Apabhramsa:
          • Lahnda: اے (e), اس (is), ایہو (īho)
          • Punjabi: eh, ih, e

            Gurmukhi script: ਏਹ, ਇਹ, ਏ

            Shahmukhi script: اِہ, اِہ, اے

        • Vracada Apabhramsa:
          • Sindhi: hiu, hia, ĩẽ, īho, īhā

            Arabic script: هِءُ, هِءَ, اِين, اِيهو, اِيهَا

            Devanagari script: हिउ, हिअ, इएं, ईहो, ईहा

    • Southern:
      • Helu Prakrit:
        • Dhivehi: އެ (e)
        • Sinhalese: එ (e), ඒ (ē)
    • Western:
      • Sauraseni Prakrit:
        • Gujarati: એ (e)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “एतद्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 231.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “esa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 122