ने
Hindi
editEtymology
edit- Borrowed from Haryanvi नै (nai) (or a Rajasthani language), from Apabhramsa कण्णही (kaṇṇahī), from Sanskrit कर्णे (karṇe), locative singular of कर्ण (karṇa, “ear”). This is the more widely accepted etymology currently, because (1) it is phonologically sound, (2) it accounts for the late occurrence of ने (ne) in Hindi and its lack in Old Hindi, and (3) it follows the pattern of postpositions being derived from the locative forms of terms for body parts, e.g. को (ko, dative postp.) < Sanskrit कक्ष (kakṣa, “armpit”).[1][2][3]
- Alternatively from Sanskrit -एन (-ena, instrumental case marker). This case suffix serves the same function as Hindi ने (ne) when used with past participles in Sanskrit. However the splitting of a case marker into a postposition does not occur elsewhere in Indo-Aryan and it is phonologically implausible since Prakrit has -𑀏𑀁 (-eṃ).[2]
- Sanskrit: कृष्णेन कृतम् । ― kṛṣṇena kṛtam . ― Krishna did it.
- Hindi: कृष्ण ने किया। ― kŕṣṇa ne kiyā. ― Krishna did it.
Pronunciation
editPostposition
edit- marker of the ergative case with perfective-aspect transitive verbs
Usage notes
editSome Eastern Hindi dialects do not mark the ergative case at all.
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- ^ Butt, Miriam, Ahmed, Tafseer (2011) “The redevelopment of Indo-Aryan case systems from a lexical semantic perspective”, in Morphology, volume 21, number 3, pages 545–572
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Reinöhl, Uta (2016) “The diverse origins of the Hindi simple postpositions”, in Grammaticalization and the Rise of Configurationality in Indo-Aryan, →ISBN
- ^ Chatterji, Suniti Kumar (1942) Indo-Aryan and Hindi[1], University of Calcutta, page 118
Newar
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ni-s ~ s-ni-s.
Pronunciation
editNumeral
editने • (ne)
Pali
editAlternative forms
editAlternative scripts
Adjective
editने
- Devanagari script form of ne, which is accusative plural masculine of न (na, “that”)
Pronoun
editने
- Devanagari script form of ne, which is accusative plural of न (na, “him, it, that”)
Categories:
- Hindi terms borrowed from Haryanvi
- Hindi terms derived from Haryanvi
- Hindi terms derived from Apabhramsa
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms with usage examples
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi postpositions
- Newar terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Newar terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Newar terms with IPA pronunciation
- Newar lemmas
- Newar numerals
- Newar cardinal numbers
- Pali non-lemma forms
- Pali adjective forms
- Pali adjective forms in Devanagari script
- Pali pronoun forms