रश्मि

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৰশ্মি (Assamese script)
• ᬭᬰ᭄ᬫᬶ (Balinese script)
• রশ্মি (Bengali script)
• 𑰨𑰫𑰿𑰦𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀭𑀰𑁆𑀫𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• ရၐ္မိ (Burmese script)
• રશ્મિ (Gujarati script)
• ਰਸ਼੍ਮਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌰𑌶𑍍𑌮𑌿 (Grantha script)
• ꦫꦯ꧀ꦩꦶ (Javanese script)
• 𑂩𑂬𑂹𑂧𑂱 (Kaithi script)
• ರಶ್ಮಿ (Kannada script)
• រឝ្មិ (Khmer script)
• ຣຨ຺ມິ (Lao script)
• രശ്മി (Malayalam script)
• ᡵᠠᡧᠮᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘨𑘫𑘿𑘦𑘱 (Modi script)
• ᠷᠠᠱᠮᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧈𑧋𑧠𑧆𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐬𑐱𑑂𑐩𑐶 (Newa script)
• ରଶ୍ମି (Odia script)
• ꢬꢯ꣄ꢪꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆫𑆯𑇀𑆩𑆴 (Sharada script)
• 𑖨𑖫𑖿𑖦𑖰 (Siddham script)
• රශ‍්මි (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩼𑩿 𑪙𑩴𑩑 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚤𑚧𑚶𑚢𑚮 (Takri script)
• ரஶ்மி (Tamil script)
• రశ్మి (Telugu script)
• รศฺมิ (Thai script)
• ར་ཤྨི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒩𑒬𑓂𑒧𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨫𑨮𑩇𑨢𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *raśmíṣ, form Proto-Indo-Iranian *raćmíš, from *rać- (“to bind, tie”), whence also रश्मन् (raśmán), रशना (raśanā́). Cognate with Middle Persian lsn' (rasan), Persian رسن (rasan). Compare also Old Armenian առասան (aṙasan), an Iranian borrowing.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɾɐɕ.mí/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɾɐɕ.mi/

Noun

रश्मि • (raśmí) stem, m (rarely f)

1. rope, string, cord

   Synonyms: रज्जु (rájju), सूत्र (sū́tra)

2. rein, bridle, leash

   Synonym: वागा (vāgā)

3. whip, goad
4. measuring cord
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.25.18:

     परि॒ यो र॒श्मिना॑ दि॒वोऽन्ता॑न्म॒मे पृ॑थि॒व्याः।
     उ॒भे आ प॑प्रौ॒ रोद॑सी महि॒त्वा॥

     pári yó raśmínā divóʼntānmamé pṛthivyā́ḥ.
     ubhé ā́ paprau ródasī mahitvā́.

     He who hath measured with his ray the boundaries of heaven and earth,
     And with his majesty hath filled the two worlds full,

5. ray of light

Declension

Masculine i-stem declension of रश्मि (raśmí)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रश्मिः raśmíḥ	रश्मी raśmī́	रश्मयः raśmáyaḥ
Vocative	रश्मे ráśme	रश्मी ráśmī	रश्मयः ráśmayaḥ
Accusative	रश्मिम् raśmím	रश्मी raśmī́	रश्मीन् raśmī́n
Instrumental	रश्मिना / रश्म्या¹ raśmínā / raśmyā́¹	रश्मिभ्याम् raśmíbhyām	रश्मिभिः raśmíbhiḥ
Dative	रश्मये raśmáye	रश्मिभ्याम् raśmíbhyām	रश्मिभ्यः raśmíbhyaḥ
Ablative	रश्मेः raśméḥ	रश्मिभ्याम् raśmíbhyām	रश्मिभ्यः raśmíbhyaḥ
Genitive	रश्मेः raśméḥ	रश्म्योः raśmyóḥ	रश्मीनाम् raśmīnā́m
Locative	रश्मौ / रश्मा¹ raśmaú / raśmā́¹	रश्म्योः raśmyóḥ	रश्मिषु raśmíṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine i-stem declension of रश्मि (raśmí)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रश्मिः raśmíḥ	रश्मी raśmī́	रश्मयः raśmáyaḥ
Vocative	रश्मे ráśme	रश्मी ráśmī	रश्मयः ráśmayaḥ
Accusative	रश्मिम् raśmím	रश्मी raśmī́	रश्मीः raśmī́ḥ
Instrumental	रश्म्या / रश्मी¹ raśmyā́ / raśmī́¹	रश्मिभ्याम् raśmíbhyām	रश्मिभिः raśmíbhiḥ
Dative	रश्मये / रश्म्यै² / रश्मी¹ raśmáye / raśmyaí² / raśmī́¹	रश्मिभ्याम् raśmíbhyām	रश्मिभ्यः raśmíbhyaḥ
Ablative	रश्मेः / रश्म्याः² / रश्म्यै³ raśméḥ / raśmyā́ḥ² / raśmyaí³	रश्मिभ्याम् raśmíbhyām	रश्मिभ्यः raśmíbhyaḥ
Genitive	रश्मेः / रश्म्याः² / रश्म्यै³ raśméḥ / raśmyā́ḥ² / raśmyaí³	रश्म्योः raśmyóḥ	रश्मीनाम् raśmīnā́m
Locative	रश्मौ / रश्म्याम्² / रश्मा¹ raśmaú / raśmyā́m² / raśmā́¹	रश्म्योः raśmyóḥ	रश्मिषु raśmíṣu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Later Sanskrit ³Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Shina: رش (răš)
• Pali: raṁsi, rasmi
  • → Burmese: ရံသီ (ramsi)
  • → Thai: รังสี (rang-sǐi)
• Prakrit: 𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀺 (rassi)
  • Central:
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀺 (rassi)
      • Hindustani: rās
        • Hindi: रास
        • Urdu: رَاس (rās)
  • Eastern:
    • Magadhi Prakrit:
      • Assamese: ৰছী (rosi)
      • Bengali: রশি (rośi)
      • Bihari:
        • Maithili: रास (rās)
      • Odia: ରାସ (rāsa)
  • Northern:
    • Khasa Prakrit:
      • Central Pahari:
        • Garhwali: रास (rās)
      • Eastern Pahari:
        • Nepali: रास (rās)
  • Northwestern:
    • Paisaci Prakrit:
      • Takka Apabhramsa:
        • Punjabi: rassī

          Gurmukhi script: ਰੱਸੀ

          Shahmukhi script: رَسَّی

          • Lahnda: رسہ (rassā)
      • Vracada Apabhramsa:
        • Sindhi: rasi, rasī, raso, rāsī

          Arabic script: رَسِ, رَسِي, رَسو, رَاسِي

          Devanagari script: रसि, रसी, रसो, रासी

  • Southern:
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • Dhivehi: ރެސް (res)
      • Sinhalese: රැස (ræsa)
    • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀺 (rassi)
      • Marathi: रस्सी (rassī)
  • Western:
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀺 (rassi)
      • Gujarati: રાશ (rāś), રશ્રી (raśrī)

Borrowed terms

• → Khmer: រស្មី (rĕəʼsməy)
• → Old Javanese: raśmi
  • > Javanese: ꦫꦱ꧀ꦩꦶ (rasmi) (inherited)
  • → Balinese: ᬭᬰ᭄ᬫᬶ (rasmi)
• → Thai: รัศมี (rát-sà-mǐi)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “रश्मि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 869.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “raśmí”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
• Lubotsky, The System of Nominal Accentuation in Sanskrit and Proto-Indo-European