शुष्क

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शुष्क (śúṣka). Doublet of सूखा (sūkhā).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʃʊʂk/, [ʃʊʃk]

Adjective

शुष्क • (śuṣk) (indeclinable)

1. dry, shrivelled; arid

   Synonym: सूखा (sūkhā)

2. dull, uninteresting

   उसको जीवन शुष्क लगने लगा है।

   usko jīvan śuṣk lagne lagā hai.

   Life has become dull for him.

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “शुष्क”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শুষ্ক (Assamese script)
• ᬰᬸᬱ᭄ᬓ (Balinese script)
• শুষ্ক (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰲𑰬𑰿𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀼𑀱𑁆𑀓 (Brahmi script)
• ၐုၑ္က (Burmese script)
• શુષ્ક (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼ੁਸ਼੍ਕ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑍁𑌷𑍍𑌕 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦸꦰ꧀ꦏ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂳𑂭𑂹𑂍 (Kaithi script)
• ಶುಷ್ಕ (Kannada script)
• ឝុឞ្ក (Khmer script)
• ຨຸຩ຺ກ (Lao script)
• ശുഷ്ക (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᡠᢢᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘳𑘬𑘿𑘎 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠤᢔᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑧔𑧌𑧠𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐸𑐲𑑂𑐎 (Newa script)
• ଶୁଷ୍କ (Odia script)
• ꢯꢸꢰ꣄ꢒ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆶𑆰𑇀𑆑 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖲𑖬𑖿𑖎 (Siddham script)
• ශුෂ‍්ක (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿𑩒𑪀 𑪙𑩜 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚰𑚶𑚊 (Takri script)
• ஶுஷ்க (Tamil script)
• శుష్క (Telugu script)
• ศุษฺก (Thai script)
• ཤུ་ཥྐ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒳𑒭𑓂𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑨃𑨯𑩇𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂sews-

Proto-Indo-European *-kos

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsúškas

Sanskrit शुष्क॑ (śúṣka)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsúškas (“dry”), derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂sews- (“to be dry”).

Related to the root शुष् (śuṣ), and cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬱𐬐𐬀 (huška, “dry”), Persian خشک (xošk, “dry”), Russian суши́ть (sušítʹ, “to dry”), Lithuanian saũsinti, Old English sēarian (whence English sear).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕúʂ.kɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɕuʂ.kɐ/

Adjective

शुष्क॑ • (śúṣka) stem

1. dried, dried up, dry, arid, parched, shrivelled, emaciated, shrunk, withered
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.18.10:

     अग्निर्न शुष्कं वनमिन्द्र हेती रक्षो नि धक्ष्यशनिर्न भीमा ।

     agnirna śuṣkaṃ vanamindra hetī rakṣo ni dhakṣyaśanirna bhīmā.

     As Agni burns down the dry forest like a dart, burn down the demons like a missile, O Indra.

2. useless, fruitless, groundless, vain, unprofitable, empty
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
   • c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti
3. mere, simple

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शुष्क (śúṣka)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शुष्कः śúṣkaḥ	शुष्कौ / शुष्का¹ śúṣkau / śúṣkā¹	शुष्काः / शुष्कासः¹ śúṣkāḥ / śúṣkāsaḥ¹
Vocative	शुष्क śúṣka	शुष्कौ / शुष्का¹ śúṣkau / śúṣkā¹	शुष्काः / शुष्कासः¹ śúṣkāḥ / śúṣkāsaḥ¹
Accusative	शुष्कम् śúṣkam	शुष्कौ / शुष्का¹ śúṣkau / śúṣkā¹	शुष्कान् śúṣkān
Instrumental	शुष्केण śúṣkeṇa	शुष्काभ्याम् śúṣkābhyām	शुष्कैः / शुष्केभिः¹ śúṣkaiḥ / śúṣkebhiḥ¹
Dative	शुष्काय śúṣkāya	शुष्काभ्याम् śúṣkābhyām	शुष्केभ्यः śúṣkebhyaḥ
Ablative	शुष्कात् śúṣkāt	शुष्काभ्याम् śúṣkābhyām	शुष्केभ्यः śúṣkebhyaḥ
Genitive	शुष्कस्य śúṣkasya	शुष्कयोः śúṣkayoḥ	शुष्काणाम् śúṣkāṇām
Locative	शुष्के śúṣke	शुष्कयोः śúṣkayoḥ	शुष्केषु śúṣkeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of शुष्का (śúṣkā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शुष्का śúṣkā	शुष्के śúṣke	शुष्काः śúṣkāḥ
Vocative	शुष्के śúṣke	शुष्के śúṣke	शुष्काः śúṣkāḥ
Accusative	शुष्काम् śúṣkām	शुष्के śúṣke	शुष्काः śúṣkāḥ
Instrumental	शुष्कया / शुष्का¹ śúṣkayā / śúṣkā¹	शुष्काभ्याम् śúṣkābhyām	शुष्काभिः śúṣkābhiḥ
Dative	शुष्कायै śúṣkāyai	शुष्काभ्याम् śúṣkābhyām	शुष्काभ्यः śúṣkābhyaḥ
Ablative	शुष्कायाः / शुष्कायै² śúṣkāyāḥ / śúṣkāyai²	शुष्काभ्याम् śúṣkābhyām	शुष्काभ्यः śúṣkābhyaḥ
Genitive	शुष्कायाः / शुष्कायै² śúṣkāyāḥ / śúṣkāyai²	शुष्कयोः śúṣkayoḥ	शुष्काणाम् śúṣkāṇām
Locative	शुष्कायाम् śúṣkāyām	शुष्कयोः śúṣkayoḥ	शुष्कासु śúṣkāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of शुष्क (śúṣka)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शुष्कम् śúṣkam	शुष्के śúṣke	शुष्काणि / शुष्का¹ śúṣkāṇi / śúṣkā¹
Vocative	शुष्क śúṣka	शुष्के śúṣke	शुष्काणि / शुष्का¹ śúṣkāṇi / śúṣkā¹
Accusative	शुष्कम् śúṣkam	शुष्के śúṣke	शुष्काणि / शुष्का¹ śúṣkāṇi / śúṣkā¹
Instrumental	शुष्केण śúṣkeṇa	शुष्काभ्याम् śúṣkābhyām	शुष्कैः / शुष्केभिः¹ śúṣkaiḥ / śúṣkebhiḥ¹
Dative	शुष्काय śúṣkāya	शुष्काभ्याम् śúṣkābhyām	शुष्केभ्यः śúṣkebhyaḥ
Ablative	शुष्कात् śúṣkāt	शुष्काभ्याम् śúṣkābhyām	शुष्केभ्यः śúṣkebhyaḥ
Genitive	शुष्कस्य śúṣkasya	शुष्कयोः śúṣkayoḥ	शुष्काणाम् śúṣkāṇām
Locative	शुष्के śúṣke	शुष्कयोः śúṣkayoḥ	शुष्केषु śúṣkeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Related terms

• शुष्यति (śúṣyati)
• शोषयति (śoṣáyati)

Descendants

• Pali: sukkha
• Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (sukkha) (see there for further descendants)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “शुष्क”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1084/3.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 648-9