ẖzj

See also: ḥzj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈçiːzit/ → /ˈçiːsiʔ/ → /ˈçiːsa/ → /ˈçiːsə/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈçiːzit/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈçiːsiʔ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈçiːsa/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈçiːsə/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /çɛzi/
  • Conventional anglicization: khezi

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) feeble, failing
   1. (intransitive, of people) to be(come) incapable, feeble, inept, incompetent, weak [Middle Kingdom literature]
   2. (intransitive, of people, with r and following infinitive) to have difficulty (doing something), to need great effort (to do) [Medical Papyri]
   3. (intransitive, of strength or the heart/mind) to be(come) feeble, failing, exhausted, weak, to give out (+ m: in (doing something)) [New Kingdom]
   4. (intransitive, of woodwork) to rot, spoil, give out [New Kingdom]
2. (intransitive) to be(come) wretched, to be(come) pitiful and bad
   1. (intransitive, often of enemies) to be(come) wretched, pitiful, especially contemptibly so; to be(come) weak and vile
   2. (intransitive, of people) to be(come) useless or cowardly in battle [Late Period]
   3. (intransitive, of speech, words, etc.) to be(come) bad, wretched, vile
   4. (intransitive, of deeds and coduct) to be(come) bad, wrong, mean, vile, to be(come) misdeeds
   5. (intransitive, of times) to be(come) bad, unpleasant to experience

Inflection

Conjugation of ẖzj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ẖz, geminated stem: ẖzz

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ẖzt, ẖzj	ẖzw, ẖz	ẖzt, ẖzwt, ẖzyt	ẖz	ẖz, ẖzy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ẖz8, ẖzz8	ḥr ẖzt, ḥr ẖzj	m ẖzt, m ẖzj	r ẖzt, r ẖzj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	ẖz.n	consecutive	ẖz.jn
terminative	ẖzt, ẖzyt
perfective3	ẖz	obligative1	ẖz.ḫr
imperfective	ẖz, ẖzy
prospective3	ẖzw, ẖz, ẖzy	potentialis1	ẖz.kꜣ
subjunctive	ẖz, ẖzy

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	ẖz.n	—	—
perfective	ẖzw1, ẖzy, ẖz	ẖz	ẖzy, ẖz
imperfective	ẖzz, ẖzzy, ẖzzw5	ẖzz, ẖzzj6, ẖzzy6	ẖzz, ẖzzw5
prospective	ẖzw1, ẖzy, ẖz, ẖztj7	ẖzwtj1 4, ẖztj4, ẖzt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ẖzj  

ẖzj	ẖzj
	[New Kingdom]

Descendants

• Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲓⲥⲉ (xise)
• Bohairic Coptic: ϧⲓⲥⲓ (xisi)
• Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲓⲥⲓ (hisi)
• Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲓⲥⲉ (hise)

References

• “ẖzi̯ (lemma ID 124600)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volumes 398–399.19, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 204
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 185, 274.