ずる

See also: する

Japanese edit

ずる • (zuru) suru (stem じ (ji), past じた (jita))

(only in compounds, non-productive) Rendaku form of する (suru)
感(かん)ずる ― kan-zuru ― to feel

先(さき)んずる ― sakin-zuru ― to do something before others; to precede

Conjugation of "ずる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	じ・ぜ*	ji ze*
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	じ	ji
Shūshikei ("terminal")	ずる	zuru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	ずる	zuru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	ずれ	zure
Meireikei ("imperative")	ぜよ¹ じろ²	zeyo¹ jiro²
Key constructions
Passive	じられるぜられる	jirareru zerareru
Causative	じさせるじさす	jisaseru jisasu
Potential	じられるぜられる	jirareru zerareru
Volitional	じよう	jiyō
Negative	じない	jinai
Negative continuative	ぜず	zezu
Formal	じます	jimasu
Perfective	じた	jita
Conjunctive	じて	jite
Hypothetical conditional	じればずれば	jireba zureba
* The ze- imperfective occurs in Classical Japanese and in other set phrases, and forms the base of the negative continuative conjugation zezu. The ji- imperfective is most common in Tokyo-standard everyday modern Japanese for forming the base of the negative conjugation jinai. ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	ぜ	ze
Continuative (連用形)	じ	zi
Terminal (終止形)	ず	zu
Attributive (連体形)	ずる	zuru
Realis (已然形)	ずれ	zure
Imperative (命令形)	ぜよ	zeyo
Key constructions
Negative	ぜず	zezu
Contrasting conjunction	ずれど	zuredo
Causal conjunction	ずれば	zureba
Conditional conjunction	ぜば	zeba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	じき	ziki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	じけり	zikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	じつ	zitu
Perfect tense (natural event)	じぬ	zinu
Perfect-continuative tense	ぜりじたり	zeri zitari
Volitional	ぜむ	zemu

For pronunciation and definitions of ずる – see the following entry.

【狡】H	[noun] slyness, sly act, sly person Alternative spelling ズル

(This term, ずる, is the hiragana spelling of the above term.)
For a list of all kanji read as ずる, see Category:Japanese kanji read as ずる.)