儒士

Chinese

		scholar; Confucian	scholar; warrior; knight
trad. (儒士)		儒	士
simp. #(儒士)		儒	士

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): rúshì

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨˊ ㄕˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁴ si⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rúshì
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄨˊ ㄕˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rúshìh
    • Wade–Giles: ju²-shih⁴
    • Yale: rú-shr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rushyh
    • Palladius: жуши (žuši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐu³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jyu⁴ si⁶
    • Yale: yùh sih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁴ si⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: yu⁴ xi⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²¹ siː²²/

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• Middle Chinese: nyu dzriX

Rime
Character	儒	士
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	人朱切	鉏里切
Baxter	nyu	dzriX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨo/	/d͡ʒɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵio/	/ɖ͡ʐɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑio/	/d͡ʒieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵuə̆/	/ɖ͡ʐɨX/
Li Rong	/ȵio/	/d͡ʒiəX/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭu/	/d͡ʒĭəX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯u/	/ɖ͡ʐʱiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rú	zhì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu4	zi6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*no  [m-s-]rəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*njo  zrɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	儒	士
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rú	shì
Middle Chinese	‹ nyu ›	‹ dzriX ›
Old Chinese	/*no/	/*[m-s-]rəʔ/
English	侏儒 zhūrú "dwarf", scholar, Confucianism (not in original list)	officer; gentleman
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	儒	士
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13969	11511
Phonetic component	需	士
Rime group	侯	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	儒	士
Old Chinese	/*njo/	/*zrɯʔ/

Noun

儒士

1. (literary) Confucian scholar

Synonyms

• (literary) 儒生 (rúshēng)