See also:
U+4E4B, 之
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E4B

[U+4E4A]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4E4C]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

(Kangxi radical 4, 丿+3 in traditional Chinese and Korean, 丿+2 in mainland China and Japanese, 4 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 3 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 戈弓人 (INO), four-corner 30307, composition)

Derived charactersEdit

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 82, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 125
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 43, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4E4B

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
alternative forms
𠔇
𡳿
nonstandard

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         





References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Ideogrammic compound (會意): (foot) + (the beginning place); compound meaning “to go”.

EtymologyEdit

demonstrative pronoun "this; he; she; it"
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-daj ~ m-di (that; this) (STEDT). Cognate with (OC *djeʔ, “this”), Tibetan དེ (de, that), Tibetan འདི ('di, this), Burmese ဒီ (di, this).
"to go; to proceed"
Cognate with (OC *djɯ, “time; season”) (> (OC *djɯn, “date; time”)), (OC *tjɯs, “goal”), (OC *kjɯʔ, “foot”) (> (OC *kjɯʔ, “to stop”)), Burmese (ca., to start; to begin) (Schuessler, 2007).

PronunciationEdit



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (23)
Final () (19)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ɕɨ/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡ɕɨ/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ɕie/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/cɨ/
Li
Rong
/t͡ɕiə/
Wang
Li
/t͡ɕĭə/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡ɕi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zi1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zhī zhī
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsyi › ‹ tsyi ›
Old
Chinese
/*tə/ /*tə/
English go to (3p object pronoun; attributive particle)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 17188
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*tjɯ/

DefinitionsEdit

  1. (literary) Indicates that the previous word has possession of the next one.
    生命  ―  shēngmìng zhī dào  ―  the way of life/life's way
    北部灣——欽州北部湾——钦州  ―  Běibùwān zhī xīng — Qīnzhōu  ―  star of the Gulf of Tonkin-- Qinzhou
  2. Indicates that the previous word modifies the next one.
    尺寸  ―  chǐcùnzhīgōng  ―  a minor contribution
  3. particle indicating that the preceding element is specialised or qualified by the next
  4. (archaic) Particle infixed in a subject-predicate construct indicating a subordinate clause.
  5. (obsolete) this; these
  6. (obsolete) to sprout; to come about
  7. (literary) to go
  8. (literary) The third-person pronoun: him, her, it, them, when it appears in a non-subject position in the sentence.
    取而代  ―  qǔ'érdàizhī  ―  to take the place of (the aforementioned subject)
    我們不能 [MSC, trad.]
    我们不能 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen bùnéng duì cǐ shì tīngzhīrènzhī. [Pinyin]
    We cannot pass this matter by without protest.

SynonymsEdit

CompoundsEdit

ReferencesEdit

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

ReadingsEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term

Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese (zhī, possessive marker). Formerly used to represent the possessive particle (no). In modern Japanese, this character is seldom used, and most commonly found in names, such as 龍之介 (Ryūnosuke).

For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
H
[particle] genitive case marker
[particle] indicates possession: of, -'s
[particle] indicates identity or apposition
[particle] a noun, adverb, or phrase modifier
[particle] nominative case marker in a relative or subordinate clause
[particle] a sentence ending that indicates emphasis or a question, depending on intonation
[particle] Nominalizes an adjective, verb, or phrase
[particle] (literary) used with bare i-adjective stem
Alternative spellings
,
(This term, , is an alternative (rare, literary) spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
これ
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
これ
[pronoun] this
[pronoun] (deictically) this one (near the speaker)
[pronoun] (anaphorically) this one I am talking about (only the speaker knows)
[pronoun] (archaic) I; me
[pronoun] (archaic) you
[pronoun] (literary, calque of Literary Chinese , , , etc.) Repeat the topic with a correct case marker to avoid any misunderstanding if it is not a subject.
Alternative spellings
此れ, , , ,
(This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
すすむ
Jinmeiyō
nanori

Proper nounEdit

(すすむ) (Susumu

  1. a male given name

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

(eumhun (gal ji))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

: Hán Việt readings: chi ((chỉ)(nhi)(thiết))[1][2][3]
: Nôm readings: [1][2][3][4][5], giây[1][2][3][4][5], chi[1][2][3][5]

  1. Nôm form of (what).
  2. Nôm form of giây (a brief moment; an instant).
  3. Nôm form of chi (what for).

ReferencesEdit