凍る
Japanese
editKanji in this term |
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凍 |
こお Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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氷る |
Etymology
editFrom Old Japanese 凍る (koporu).
Likely cognate with other terms beginning with ko- and related to senses of hard, stiff, such as 凝る (koru, “to stiffen”), 凍ゆ (koyu, “to freeze, to become frozen”, classical) → modern 凍える (kogoeru), 強い (kowai, “hard, tough, stiff”).
Pronunciation
edit- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "凍る"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
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Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
凍る | こおる | [kòórú] |
Imperative (命令形) | 凍れ | こおれ | [kòóré] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 凍られる | こおられる | [kòórárérú] |
Causative | 凍らせる | こおらせる | [kòórásérú] |
Potential | - | - | - |
Volitional | 凍ろう | こおろー | [kòóróꜜò] |
Negative | 凍らない | こおらない | [kòóránáí] |
Negative perfective | 凍らなかった | こおらなかった | [kòóránáꜜkàttà] |
Formal | 凍ります | こおります | [kòórímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 凍った | こおった | [kòóttá] |
Conjunctive | 凍って | こおって | [kòótté] |
Hypothetical conditional | 凍れば | こおれば | [kòóréꜜbà] |
Verb
editJapanese verb pair | |
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active | 凍らす |
mediopassive | 凍る |
凍る • (kōru) intransitive godan (stem 凍り (kōri), past 凍った (kōtta))
- to freeze
- 水が凍っている
- mizu ga kōtteiru
- the water is frozen
- 水が凍っている
- to be frozen over
- to congeal
- (Internet) to suspend an account (usually on Twitter)
Usage notes
edit凍える is often used for body parts (of living organisms) to freeze, while 凍る is often used for objects (e.g. water freezes).
Conjugation
editConjugation of "凍る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 凍ら | こおら | kōra |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 凍り | こおり | kōri |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 凍る | こおる | kōru |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 凍る | こおる | kōru |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 凍れ | こおれ | kōre |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 凍れ | こおれ | kōre |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 凍られる | こおられる | kōrareru |
Causative | 凍らせる 凍らす |
こおらせる こおらす |
kōraseru kōrasu |
Potential | 凍れる | こおれる | kōreru |
Volitional | 凍ろう | こおろう | kōrō |
Negative | 凍らない | こおらない | kōranai |
Negative continuative | 凍らず | こおらず | kōrazu |
Formal | 凍ります | こおります | kōrimasu |
Perfective | 凍った | こおった | kōtta |
Conjunctive | 凍って | こおって | kōtte |
Hypothetical conditional | 凍れば | こおれば | kōreba |
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 凍 read as こお
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese intransitive verbs
- Japanese type 1 verbs
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- ja:Internet