See also:
U+51CD, 凍
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51CD

[U+51CC]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+51CE]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 15, +8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈一木田 (IMDW), four-corner 35196, composition)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 132, character 46
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1670
  • Dae Jaweon: page 297, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 298, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+51CD

Chinese edit

trad.
simp.

Glyph origin edit

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *toːŋ, *toːŋs): semantic + phonetic (OC *toːŋ).

Pronunciation edit


Note:
  • tàng - vernacular;
  • tòng - literary.
Note:
  • dang3 - vernacular;
  • dong3 - literary.
  • Wu

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial () (5) (5)
    Final () (1) (1)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open Open
    Division () I I
    Fanqie
    Baxter tuwng tuwngH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /tuŋ/ /tuŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /tuŋ/ /tuŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /tuŋ/ /tuŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /təwŋ/ /təwŋH/
    Li
    Rong
    /tuŋ/ /tuŋH/
    Wang
    Li
    /tuŋ/ /tuŋH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /tuŋ/ /tuŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    dōng dòng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    dung1 dung3
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    dòng
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ tuwngH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*tˁoŋ-s/
    English freeze

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    No. 2441 2447
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0 0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*toːŋ/ /*toːŋs/

    Definitions edit

    1. cold; (of weather) chilly
    2. to freeze
    3. jelly
    4. a surname

    Synonyms edit

    Compounds edit

    Descendants edit

    • Old Turkic: dong (frozen)

    Japanese edit

    Kanji edit

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. frozen

    Readings edit

    Compounds edit

    Related terms edit

    Korean edit

    Hanja edit

    (eumhun (eol dong))

    1. Hanja form? of (freeze).
    2. Hanja form? of (cold, congeal).
    3. Hanja form? of (jelly).

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    : Hán Nôm readings: đống, đông, gióng, rúng, đóng

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.