嫌う

Japanese edit

Kanji in this term
嫌
きら Grade: S
kun’yomi

Etymology edit

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.^[1]

Listed in the Daijiten as being cognate with 切る (kiru, “to cut”),^[2] perhaps via ふ (fu, repetitive verb suffix), however Samuel Martin thinks this is unlikely.^[3]

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) きらう [kìráú] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [kʲiɾa̠ɯ̟ᵝ]

Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "嫌う"

Stem forms
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形)	嫌う	きらう	`[kìráú]`
Imperative (命令形)	嫌え	きらえ	`[kìráé]`
Key constructions
Passive	嫌われる	きらわれる	`[kìráwárérú]`
Causative	嫌わせる	きらわせる	`[kìráwásérú]`
Potential	嫌える	きらえる	`[kìráérú]`
Volitional	嫌おう	きらおー	`[kìráóꜜò]`
Negative	嫌わない	きらわない	`[kìráwánáí]`
Negative perfective	嫌わなかった	きらわなかった	`[kìráwánáꜜkàttà]`
Formal	嫌います	きらいます	`[kìráímáꜜsù]`
Perfective	嫌った	きらった	`[kìráttá]`
Conjunctive	嫌って	きらって	`[kìrátté]`
Hypothetical conditional	嫌えば	きらえば	`[kìráéꜜbà]`

Verb edit

嫌(きら)う • (kirau) transitive godan (stem 嫌(きら)い (kirai), past 嫌(きら)った (kiratta))

to hate; to dislike
彼(かれ)は田舎(いなか)の陋(ろう)習(しゅう)を嫌(きら)う。
Kare wa inaka no rōshū o kirau.
He hates provincial abuses.

家(か)具(ぐ)は湿(しっ)気(け)を嫌(きら)う。
Kagu wa shikke o kirau.
Furniture is incompatible with moisture.

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of "嫌う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	嫌わ	きらわ	kirawa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	嫌い	きらい	kirai
Shūshikei ("terminal")	嫌う	きらう	kirau
Rentaikei ("attributive")	嫌う	きらう	kirau
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	嫌え	きらえ	kirae
Meireikei ("imperative")	嫌え	きらえ	kirae
Key constructions
Passive	嫌われる	きらわれる	kirawareru
Causative	嫌わせる嫌わす	きらわせるきらわす	kirawaseru kirawasu
Potential	嫌える	きらえる	kiraeru
Volitional	嫌おう	きらおう	kiraō
Negative	嫌わない	きらわない	kirawanai
Negative continuative	嫌わず	きらわず	kirawazu
Formal	嫌います	きらいます	kiraimasu
Perfective	嫌った	きらった	kiratta
Conjunctive	嫌って	きらって	kiratte
Hypothetical conditional	嫌えば	きらえば	kiraeba

Synonyms edit

厭(いと)う (itou)

Antonyms edit

Derived terms edit

嫌(きら)い (kirai): hateable, hateworthy, disgusting, detestable

Related terms edit

憎(にく)む (nikumu)

References edit

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

^ “嫌”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Martin, Samuel E. (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN

[1] “嫌”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000

[KDJ-2] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[3] Martin, Samuel E. (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN

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