ふ

See also: ぶ and ぷ

ふ U+3075, ふ HIRAGANA LETTER HU ← ぴ [U+3074] Hiragana ぶ → [U+3076]

Japanese

Stroke order

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟]

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 不 in the cursive sōsho style.

Syllable

ふ • (fu) 

1. The hiragana syllable ふ (fu). Its equivalent in katakana is フ (fu). It is the twenty-eighth syllable in the gojūon order; its position is は行う段 (ha-gyō u-dan, “row ha, section u”).

Derived terms

• ふぁ (fa), ふぃ (fi), ふぇ (fe), ふぉ (fo)
• ぶ (bu)
• ぷ (pu)

See also

• (Hiragana) 平仮名; あぁ, いぃ, うぅゔ, えぇ, おぉ, かゕが, きぎ, くぐ, けゖげ, こご, さざ, しじ, すず, せぜ, そぞ, ただ, ちぢ, つっづ, てで, とど, な, に, ぬ, ね, の, はばぱ, ひびぴ, ふぶぷ, へべぺ, ほぼぽ, ま, み, む, め, も, やゃ, ゆゅ, よょ, ら, り, る, れ, ろ, わゎ, ゐ, ゑ, を, ん, ー, ゝ, ゞ, ゟ

Etymology 2

From Old Japanese. Possibly a contraction of the 連用形(れんようけい) (ren'yōkei) of verbs and 合ふ (afu). Alternatively from 経 (fu).

Suffix

ふ • (-fu) 

1. (following the irrealis stem of verbs)
   1. expresses repetition
   2. expresses an ongoing state

Conjugation

Classical conjugation of "ふ" (ハ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	は	は	-fa
Continuative (連用形)	ひ	ひ	-fi
Terminal (終止形)	ふ	ふ	-fu
Attributive (連体形)	ふ	ふ	-fu
Realis (已然形)	へ	へ	-fe
Imperative (命令形)	へ	へ	-fe
Key constructions
Negative	はず	はず	-fazu
Contrasting conjunction	へど	へど	-fedo
Causal conjunction	へば	へば	-feba
Conditional conjunction	はば	はば	-faba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	ひき	ひき	-fiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	ひけり	ひけり	-fikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	ひつ	ひつ	-fitu
Perfect tense (natural event)	ひぬ	ひぬ	-finu
Perfect-continuative tense	へり ひたり	へり ひたり	-feri -fitari
Volitional	はむ	はむ	-famu

Derived terms

• 与(あた)える (ataeru)
• うつろう (utsurou)
• 衰(おとろ)える (otoroeru)
• 語(かた)らう (katarau)
• 侍(さもら)う (samorau)
• 啜(すす)ろふ (susurofu)
• 住(す)まう (sumau)
• 相撲(すもう) (sumō)
• 戦(たたか)う (tatakau)
• 繕(つくろ)う (tsukurou)
• 伝(つた)う (tsutau)
• 流(なが)らふ (nagarafu)
• 願(ねが)う (negau)
• 向(む)かう (mukau)
• 安(やす)らう (yasurau)
• 病(やまい) (yamai)

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of ふ – see the following entries.

【賦】S [noun] fu (Chinese literary form developed during the times of the Han dynasty that combines prose and poetry)

【麩】H [noun] wheat bran [noun] wheat gluten [noun] foods made from wheat gluten, somewhat similar to bread Alternative spelling 麸

【府】4 [noun] The prefectural governments of Osaka and Kyoto.

【負】3 [noun] (mathematics) negativity, being negative (less than zero) [noun] (physics) negativity, being negative (of electrical charge of an electron) [noun] negativity, being negative (bad, pessimistic)

【歩】2 [noun] (shogi, colloquial) a foot soldier (piece that can move one space forward), erroneously called as the equivalent of the pawn in Western chess

【不】4 [prefix] un-, non-, in- [prefix] bad, poor Alternative spelling ぶ

【斑】S [noun] spot

(This term, ふ (fu), is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.) For a list of all kanji read as ふ, see Category:Japanese kanji read as ふ.)