宦

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

宦 (radical 40, 宀+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 十尸中中 (JSLL), four-corner 3071₇, composition ⿱宀臣)

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 285, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7138
Dae Jaweon: page 563, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 924, character 1
Unihan data for U+5BA6

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		宦

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 宦
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 宀 (“house”) + 臣 (“servant”) – slave; servant.

EtymologyEdit

Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)(j)wal (“slave; servant”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan ཁོལ་པོ (khol po, “servant”), Burmese ကျွန် (kywan, “slave”), Proto-Loloish *C-kywan¹ (“slave”), 倌 (OC *koːn, *kroːns).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): huàn (huan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): waan⁶
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): fon⁴
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hoān

(Teochew, Peng'im): huang⁶ / huêng⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: huàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˋ
  - Wade–Giles: huan⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huann
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huàn
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xwän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: waan⁶
  - Yale: waahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: waan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: wan⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wäːn²²/
Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fon⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fɔn⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoān
  - Tâi-lô: huān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /huan²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /huan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /huan³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: huang⁶ / huêng⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huăng / huĕng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ³⁵/, /hueŋ³⁵/

Note:

huang6 - Shantou;
huêng6 - Chaozhou.

Middle Chinese: /ɦˠuan^H/

Rime
Character	宦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	刪 (70)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	胡慣切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠuan^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷᵚan^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɐn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwaɨn^H/
Li Rong	/ɣuan^H/
Wang Li	/ɣwan^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣwan^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huàn

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-kʷˤ<r>a[n]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷraːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	宦
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huàn
Middle Chinese	‹ hwæn^H ›
Old Chinese	/*m-kʷˁ<r>a[n]-s/
English	servant
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	宦
Reading #	1/1
No.	5361
Phonetic component	宦
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	患
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷraːns/

DefinitionsEdit

宦

CompoundsEdit

宦官 (huànguān)
宦情
宦海
宦豎／宦竖 (huànshù)
宦途 (huàntú)
宦遊／宦游 (huànyóu)
宦達／宦达
宦門／宦门
巧宦
年宦
游宦 (yóuhuàn)

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

宦

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: げん (gen)
Kan-on: かん (kan)
Kun: つかえる (tsukaeru, 宦える); まなぶ (manabu)

KoreanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Chinese 宦 (MC ɦˠuan^H). Recorded as Middle Korean 환〯 (Yale: hwan) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

HanjaEdit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

宦

Wikisource

宦 (eumhun 벼슬 환 (byeoseul hwan))

Hanja form^? of 환 (“eunuch”).

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

환관 (宦官, hwan-gwan)
환시 (宦侍, hwansi)
내환 (內宦, naehwan)

ReferencesEdit

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

宦: Hán Nôm readings: hoạn

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.