gen
See also: Appendix:Variations of "gen"
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
NounEdit
gen (uncountable)
- (chiefly Britain, informal) Information.
- 2015, Nicholas Whittaker, Platform Souls: The Trainspotter as 20th-Century Hero
- Nose around any modest-sized station and the odds are you'll find that the chargeman's office doubles as a bashers' club, a place where shivering spotters can get warm and catch up on the gen.
- 2015, Nicholas Whittaker, Platform Souls: The Trainspotter as 20th-Century Hero
- (birdwatching) Information about the location of a bird.
- 2005, Sean Dooley, The Big Twitch, Sydney: Allen and Unwin, page 172:
- I had some recent gen that they had been seen quite recently at Kunoth Well, a little dot on the map on the edge of the Tanami Desert.
- (fandom slang) Fan fiction that does not specifically focus on romance or sex.
SynonymsEdit
- (fan fiction): genfic
See alsoEdit
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
gen (plural gens)
- Alternative letter-case form of Gen (“member of the Gen Movement”)
Etymology 3Edit
Shortened from generate and generator.
VerbEdit
gen (third-person singular simple present gens, present participle genning, simple past and past participle genned)
- To generate using an automated process, especially a computer program.
- 1991, Bruce H. Hunter & Karen Bradford Hunter, UNIX Systems: Advanced Administration and Management Handbook:
- Defining the devices so that they will be genned during the sysgen and installation is the other half.
- 1993, Debra R. Niedermiller-Chaffins & Drew Heywood, Inside Novell NetWare, →ISBN, page 100:
- The older, genned files are difficult to keep up-to-date and are unsupported for some newer NICs.
- 2010, Donald K. Burleson, Oracle Tuning: The Definitive Reference, →ISBN, page 1109:
- As the capacities of the large servers are exceeded, a new server is genned into the RAC cluster.
- 2012, Robert Charles Wilson, Bios, →ISBN:
- The Turing factories on Isis's small moon had fallen short of productivity goals, though another two factory units had been genned.
NounEdit
gen (plural gens)
Etymology 4Edit
Shortened from genetic engineering
VerbEdit
gen (third-person singular simple present gens, present participle genning, simple past and past participle genned)
- (science fiction) To genetically engineer.
- 2008, Bart Dahmer, Primal Screams, →ISBN, page 36:
- Samples could be taken from the original, and plans could be made, but genning could not be initiated until death had occurred.
- 2011, Karen Sandler, Tankborn, →ISBN, page 28:
- Her nurturer ears, genned to be hyper-sensitive, had to be hurting from the noise.
Etymology 5Edit
Etymology unknown. Possibilities include:
NounEdit
gen (plural gens)
- (obsolete, UK, slang) A shilling.
- 1851, Mayhew, Henry, “Gambling of Costermongers”, in London Labour and the London Poor[1], volume 1, page 17:
- The betting also began to shift. "Sixpence Ned wins!" cried three or four; "Sixpence he loses!" answered another; "Done!" and up went the halfpence. "Half-a-crown Joe loses!"—"Here you are," answered Joe, but he lost again. "I'll try you a 'gen'" (shilling) said a coster; "And a 'rouf yenap'" (fourpence), added the other. "Say a 'exes'" (sixpence).—"Done!" and the betting continued, till the ground was spotted with silver and halfpence.
- 1978, Ayers, Rose, The Street Sparrows:
- "Give me two gen, then, and take the whole bloody tol. I've walked me teef orf afore rouf this mornin', and wot 'ave I got? Two bloody yenneps! I ask yer."
Etymology 6Edit
Clipping of generation.
NounEdit
gen (plural gens)
- (informal) A generation (group of people born in a specific range of years).
- 2022 June 28, “Wimbledon tennis: Fans react to Kristina Mladenovic's eye-catching outfit”, in The New Zealand Herald[2]:
- "Mladenovic playing in what the young gen is calling a crop top, but what my gen is calling a bra," Bouchard tweeted. "Sign of the times that Wimbledon has no issue with that. Still can remember the year some had troubles because of 'too short' skirts lol."
- 2022 July 4, Ben Schott, “Is There Anything That Gen Z Won’t Drink?”, in The Washington Post[3]:
- It’s anyone’s guess whether such attitudes will persist into adulthood, but if Gen Z (and the gens to come) do prove more alco-skeptic than their forbears then the above twelve steps are deftly primed to cash in.
- (informal) A specific version of something in a chronological sequence.
- 2004, Sally Bishai, “Courtship, Marriage and the Ubiquitous ‘Dating Thing’”, in Mid-East Meets West: On Being and Becoming a Modern Arab American, Lincoln, Neb.: iUniverse, →ISBN, page 57:
- For my fellow first-gens, get ready to hide a smirk, because your life story is likely hidden somewhere in this chapter. For the uninitiated—that is, the person who's never had a thing to do with the Arab way of doing things (namely dating)—I advise you to buckle up.
- 2016, Dwight Lang, “Witnessing Social Class in the Academy”, in Allison L. Hurst and Sandi Kawecka Nenga, editors, Working in Class: Recognizing How Social Class Shapes Our Academic Work, Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, part 2 (Teaching), page 102:
- […] I witness firsthand the difficult "downstream" outcomes (Grusky 2014) of social class stratification in a university setting where approximately 3,400 undergraduates (13% of the undergraduate population) are first in their families to attend and/or graduate from college (first-gens). Most of these students are low income and nearly 1,200 first-gens have grown up in poverty.
- 2017, Temple Fennell, “SCIE: Sustainable Cycle of Investing Engagement”, in Kirby Rosplock, The Complete Direct Investing Handbook: A Guide for Family Offices, Qualified Purchasers, and Accredited Investors (Bloomberg Financial Series), Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 242:
- The Family Values and Framing Strategy steps address soft issues as what is the purpose of the new investment strategy, is there a desire to engage and train the next generation (Next Gens), and is there building buy-in and engagement across the family members important to strengthen family unity.
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
AnagramsEdit
CatalanEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
gen m (plural gens)
Related termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “gen” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
- “gen” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “gen”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
- “gen” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
CzechEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
gen m inan
DeclensionEdit
Declension of gen
Related termsEdit
Further readingEdit
DanishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From German Gen, from Ancient Greek γενεά (geneá, “generation, descent”), from the aorist infinitive of γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “I come into being”). Coined by the Danish biologist Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen in a German-language publication.
NounEdit
gen n (singular definite genet, plural indefinite gener)
DeclensionEdit
Declension of gen
Etymology 2Edit
VerbEdit
gen
- imperative of genne
ReferencesEdit
- “gen” in Den Danske Ordbog
DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From German Gen, from Ancient Greek γενεά (geneá, “generation, descent”), from the aorist infinitive of γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “I come into being”). Coined by the Danish biologist Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen in a German-language publication.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
gen n (plural genen)
AnagramsEdit
GermanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle High German gēn, gein, from gegen with elision of intervocalic -g- (compare Getreide, Maid). Doublet of German gegen (“against”).
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
gen (governs the accusative)
- (literary, somewhat dated) in the direction; to; towards (a place or time)
- gen Norden ― to the north, northwards
- gen Abend ― towards the evening, in the late afternoon
SynonymsEdit
Further readingEdit
Haitian CreoleEdit
VerbEdit
gen
- Contraction of genyen.
IcelandicEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
gen n (genitive singular gens, nominative plural gen)
DeclensionEdit
JapaneseEdit
RomanizationEdit
gen
MandarinEdit
RomanizationEdit
gen
- Nonstandard spelling of gēn.
- Nonstandard spelling of gén.
- Nonstandard spelling of gěn.
- Nonstandard spelling of gèn.
Usage notesEdit
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Middle EnglishEdit
PrepositionEdit
gen
- Alternative form of gain (“against”)
Norwegian BokmålEdit
NounEdit
gen n (definite singular genet, indefinite plural gener, definite plural gena or genene)
Usage notesEdit
- Prior to a revision in 2020, this noun was also considered grammatically masculine.[1] The form genen was then made obsolete.
ReferencesEdit
- “gen” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
- ^ Language Council of Norway, Spelling decisions since 2012 (in Norwegian, retrieved 12.21.20)
Norwegian NynorskEdit
NounEdit
gen n (definite singular genet, indefinite plural gen, definite plural gena)
Usage notesEdit
- Prior to a revision in 2020, this noun was also considered grammatically masculine.[1] The forms genen, genar, and genane were then made obsolete.
ReferencesEdit
- “gen” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
- ^ Language Council of Norway, Spelling decisions since 2012 (in Norwegian, retrieved 12.21.20)
Old EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Germanic *ju.
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
ġēn
Old IrishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Celtic *gʷenom.
NounEdit
gen n or f
InflectionEdit
The Dictionary of the Irish Language believes that this was a u-stem, while Matasović disputes this classification due to a lack of u-infected attestations, declaring it an o-stem.[1] All forms except the nominative are unattested. Both possibilities will be presented here.
| Neuter o-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | genN | genN | genL, gena |
| Vocative | genN | genN | genL, gena |
| Accusative | genN | genN | genL, gena |
| Genitive | ginL | gen | genN |
| Dative | giunL | genaib | genaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
| |||
| Neuter u-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | genN | genL | genL, gena |
| Vocative | genN | genL | gen |
| Accusative | genN | genL | gen |
| Genitive | genoH, genaH | genoN, genaN | genN |
| Dative | genL | genaib | genaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
| |||
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
NounEdit
gen f
InflectionEdit
| Feminine ā-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | genL | ginL | genaH |
| Vocative | genL | ginL | genaH |
| Accusative | ginN | ginL | genaH |
| Genitive | gineH | genL | genN |
| Dative | ginL | genaib | genaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
| |||
MutationEdit
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| gen | gen pronounced with /ɣ(ʲ)-/ |
ngen |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 146
Old OccitanEdit
AdjectiveEdit
gen m (feminine singular genta, masculine plural gens, feminine plural gentas)
- attractive; pleasing; nice; fair; pleasant
- 12th century, Bernard de Ventadour(Wikisource)
- Lo gens tems de pascor
- The pleasant time of Easter
- Lo gens tems de pascor
- 12th century, Bernard de Ventadour(Wikisource)
ReferencesEdit
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “genitus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 4: G H I, page 103
PolishEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
gen m inan
DeclensionEdit
Declension of gen
Derived termsEdit
adjectives
adverb
noun
Further readingEdit
RomanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
gen n (plural genuri)
DeclensionEdit
Declension of gen
SynonymsEdit
SpanishEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
gen m (plural genes)
Further readingEdit
- “gen”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
SwedishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Norse gegn (“straight, direct”).
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
gen (comparative genare, superlative genast)
- gain; short, direct
Related termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
gen c
DeclensionEdit
| Declension of gen | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | gen | genen | gener | generna |
| Genitive | gens | genens | geners | genernas |
Related termsEdit
AnagramsEdit
Tok PisinEdit
This entry has fewer than three known examples of actual usage, the minimum considered necessary for clear attestation, and may not be reliable. Tok Pisin is subject to a special exemption for languages with limited documentation. If you speak it, please consider editing this entry or adding citations. See also Help and the Community Portal.
EtymologyEdit
AdverbEdit
gen
TurkishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Ottoman Turkish كیك (geñ), from Proto-Turkic *kēŋ (“wide, broad”).
Cognate with Yakut киэҥ (kieñ, “wide”), Bashkir киң (kiŋ), Kazakh кең (keñ), etc.
AdjectiveEdit
gen
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
gen (definite accusative geni, plural genler)
- (colloquial) A field that wasn't plowed for several years.
Etymology 3Edit
NounEdit
gen (definite accusative geni, plural genler)
DeclensionEdit
| Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Nominative | gen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Definite accusative | geni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nominative | gen | genler | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Definite accusative | geni | genleri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dative | gene | genlere | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Locative | gende | genlerde | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ablative | genden | genlerden | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | genin | genlerin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
VietnameseEdit
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [zɛn˧˧], [ɣɛn˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [jɛŋ˧˧], [ɣɛŋ˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [jɛŋ˧˧], [ɣɛŋ˧˧]
- Phonetic: gien, ghen
NounEdit
gen
TriviaEdit
- This is one of the rare cases in which a word's pronunciation differs from its spelling.
VurësEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Torres-Banks *ɣani, from Proto-Oceanic *kani, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.[1] Cognate with Maori kai, Malay makan.
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
gen
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Catriona Malau (September 2021), “gen”, in A Dictionary of Vurës, Vanuatu (Asia-Pacific Linguistics), Australian National University Press, , →ISBN, page 75
WelshEdit
PronounEdit
gen
WestrobothnianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Vulgar Latin *iēniperus, from Latin iūniperus. Cognate with Icelandic einir, Faroese eini(ber), Danish ene, Swedish en, Norwegian eine.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
gen m
Derived termsEdit
ZhuangEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Tai *qeːnᴬ (“arm”). Cognate with Thai แขน (kɛ̌ɛn), Northern Thai ᨡᩯ᩠ᨶ, Lao ແຂນ (khǣn), Lü ᦶᦃᧃ (ẋaen), Tai Dam ꪵꪄꪙ, Shan ၶႅၼ် (khěn).
PronunciationEdit
- (Standard Zhuang) IPA(key): /keːn˨˦/
- Tone numbers: gen1
- Hyphenation: gen
NounEdit
gen (1957–1982 spelling gen)
ZouEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
gen
- (transitive) to say
ReferencesEdit
- Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 41