小破
Chinese
editsmall; tiny; few small; tiny; few; young |
to break; to split; broken to break; to split; broken; damaged; worn out | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (小破) |
小 | 破 |
Etymology
editWasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 小破 (shōha, “mild damage”)
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄆㄛˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: siǎopò
- Wade–Giles: hsiao3-pʻo4
- Yale: syǎu-pwò
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheaupoh
- Palladius: сяопо (sjaopo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Noun
edit小破
- (rail transport) mild damage
- 動車組車輛報廢7輛、大破2輛、中破5輛、輕微小破15輛 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 2011, “7·23”甬温线特别重大铁路交通事故调查报告
- dòngchēzǔ chēliàng bàofèi 7 liàng, dàpò 2 liàng, zhōngpò 5 liàng, qīngwēi xiǎopò 15 liàng [Pinyin]
- [caused] 7 EMU vehicles scrapped, 2 severely damaged, 5 medium damaged, and 15 were slightly damaged
动车组车辆报废7辆、大破2辆、中破5辆、轻微小破15辆 [MSC, simp.]
Usage notes
editOnly used in the China Railway system. The severity is pursuant to CR's Rules for Handling Railway Traffic Accidents.
Coordinate terms
editJapanese
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
小 | 破 |
しょう Grade: 1 |
は Grade: 5 |
on'yomi |
Pronunciation
editNoun
editCoordinate terms
editVerb
edit小破する • (shōha suru) ←せうは (seufa)?suru (stem 小破し (shōha shi), past 小破した (shōha shita))
Conjugation
editConjugation of "小破する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 小破し | しょうはし | shōha shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 小破し | しょうはし | shōha shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 小破する | しょうはする | shōha suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 小破する | しょうはする | shōha suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 小破すれ | しょうはすれ | shōha sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 小破せよ¹ 小破しろ² |
しょうはせよ¹ しょうはしろ² |
shōha seyo¹ shōha shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 小破される | しょうはされる | shōha sareru | |
Causative | 小破させる 小破さす |
しょうはさせる しょうはさす |
shōha saseru shōha sasu | |
Potential | 小破できる | しょうはできる | shōha dekiru | |
Volitional | 小破しよう | しょうはしよう | shōha shiyō | |
Negative | 小破しない | しょうはしない | shōha shinai | |
Negative continuative | 小破せず | しょうはせず | shōha sezu | |
Formal | 小破します | しょうはします | shōha shimasu | |
Perfective | 小破した | しょうはした | shōha shita | |
Conjunctive | 小破して | しょうはして | shōha shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 小破すれば | しょうはすれば | shōha sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
editCategories:
- Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese
- Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese
- Chinese terms derived from Japanese
- Wasei kango
- Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 小
- Chinese terms spelled with 破
- zh:Rail transportation
- Mandarin terms with quotations
- Japanese terms spelled with 小 read as しょう
- Japanese terms spelled with 破 read as は
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese suru verbs