frightened | afraid; frightened; to fear | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (惶恐) | 惶 | 恐 | |
simp. #(惶恐) | 惶 | 恐 | |
anagram | 恐惶 |
Rime | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 惶 | 恐 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 溪 (29) |
Final (韻) | 唐 (102) | 鍾 (7) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
Division (等) | I | III |
Fanqie | 胡光切 | 丘隴切 |
Baxter | hwang | khjowngX |
Reconstructions | ||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦwɑŋ/ | /kʰɨoŋX/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/ɦʷɑŋ/ | /kʰioŋX/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/ɣuɑŋ/ | /kʰioŋX/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦwaŋ/ | /kʰuawŋX/ |
Li Rong |
/ɣuɑŋ/ | /kʰioŋX/ |
Wang Li |
/ɣuɑŋ/ | /kʰĭwoŋX/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/ɣwɑŋ/ | /kʰi̯woŋX/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
huáng | qiǒng |
Expected Cantonese Reflex |
wong4 | hung2 |
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
---|---|
Character | 恐 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
kǒng |
Middle Chinese |
‹ khjowngX › |
Old Chinese |
/*kʰ(r)oŋʔ/ |
English | fear |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 惶 | 恐 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
No. | 12697 | 4071 |
Phonetic component |
王 | 工 |
Rime group |
陽 | 東 |
Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
Corresponding MC rime |
黃 | 恐 |
Old Chinese |
/*ɡʷaːŋ/ | /*kʰoŋʔ/ |
惶恐
惶恐