東
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Translingual
editStroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han character
edit東 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木田 (DW), four-corner 50906, composition ⿻木日 or ⿻束一)
Derived characters
edit- 倲(㑈), 凍(冻), 㖦, 埬(𪣆), 娻, 崠, 𢔅, 𢛔(𫹼), 㨂, 涷, 𤟈, 陳(陈), 腖(胨), 棟(栋), 𬌃, 𤦪, 𬨮, 𫞸, 䍶, 蝀(𬟽), 諌, 𧳣, 𧼓, 𨌿, 錬, 㯥, 𩜍, 𩣳, 鯟, 䵔, 𫨽, 𮟽, 㼯, 𧡍(𬢈), 䰤, 鶇(鸫), 𫳒, 崬(岽), 氭(𣱝), 菄, 䦨, 𩭩, 𪂝
- 練 (Exception: Only for Japanese shinjitai. Other regions contain 柬 instead)
- 重 (Contains 東 as a phonetic)
Related characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 513, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14499
- Dae Jaweon: page 899, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1165, character 4
- Unihan data for U+6771
Chinese
edittrad. | 東 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 东 |
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character 東 | |||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Jiajie (假借) and Ideogram (指事) : 束 (OC *hljoɡ) or 橐 (OC *tʰaːɡ) borrowed for sound 東 (OC *toːŋ), and a distinguishing mark.
Interpreted in the Shuowen Jiezi as an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : the sun (日) rising behind a tree (木). According to Allan (1991) p. 47-50, the character represents the Fu Sang tree.
Alternatively, it is also thought to be a pictogram (象形) of either a bundle of faggots tied together or a bag tied at both ends (like a cellophane-wrapped candy with the ends twisted).
Etymology
editCognate with Burmese ထွန်း (htwan:, “be bright”), Chepang थोङ्सा (thoŋ‑, “lighten; be bright”) and Chepang थोङ्ह (thoŋh, “awake time (as opposed to dream time)”) (Schuessler, 2007). Perhaps related to or influenced by 暾 (OC *tʰuːn, “rising sun”).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): dong1
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): дун (dun, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): dung1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): dung1
- Northern Min (KCR): dóng
- Eastern Min (BUC): dĕ̤ng / dŭng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 1ton
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dong1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dong
- Wade–Giles: tung1
- Yale: dūng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dong
- Palladius: дун (dun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: dong1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dung
- Sinological IPA (key): /toŋ⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дун (dun, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tuŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: dung1
- Yale: dūng
- Cantonese Pinyin: dung1
- Guangdong Romanization: dung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: uung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɵŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: dung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tuŋ⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tûng
- Hakka Romanization System: dungˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: dung1
- Sinological IPA: /tuŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: dung1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /tũŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dóng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɔŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dĕ̤ng / dŭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tøyŋ⁵⁵/, /tuŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- dĕ̤ng - vernacular;
- dŭng - literary.
- Southern Min
- tang - vernacular;
- tong - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: dang1 / dong1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tang / tong
- Sinological IPA (key): /taŋ³³/, /toŋ³³/
- dang1 - vernacular;
- dong1 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: tuwng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤoŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*toːŋ/
Definitions
edit東
- east
- host
- landlord; owner
- (Teochew) side
- (Korean Classical Chinese) Korea
- 大東 [Korean Literary Sinitic] ― Daedong [Sino-Korean] ― Korea
- 字音有東正而華譌者。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]
- From: 《古芸堂筆記/고운당필기》, 1790s
- Ja'eum yu Dong jeong i Hwa wa ja. [Sino-Korean]
- For the pronunciations of some Chinese characters, the Korean reading is correct and the Chinese is erroneous.
- (~日) (telegraphy) the first day of a month
Coordinate terms
edit- (compass points) 方位;
西北 (xīběi) | 北 | 東北/东北 (dōngběi) |
西 (xī) | 東/东 (dōng) | |
西南 (xīnán) | 南 | 東南/东南 (dōngnán) |
Descendants
editOthers:
- Japanese: 東 (ton, “east wind (mahjong tile)”)
Compounds
edit- 丁東/丁东
- 三十年河東,三十年河西/三十年河东,三十年河西 (sānshí nián hé dōng, sānshí nián hé xī)
- 不分南北東西,不問張王李趙/不分南北东西,不问张王李赵
- 不問東西南北/不问东西南北
- 不是東西/不是东西 (bùshì dōngxi)
- 不是東風壓了西風,就是西風壓了東風/不是东风压了西风,就是西风压了东风
- 不知東南西北/不知东南西北
- 中東/中东 (Zhōngdōng)
- 二房東/二房东 (èrfángdōng)
- 亞東/亚东 (yàdōng)
- 亞東關係協會/亚东关系协会
- 京東大鼓/京东大鼓
- 付之東流/付之东流 (fùzhīdōngliú)
- 代東/代东
- 付諸東流/付诸东流 (fùzhūdōngliú)
- 伐東吳/伐东吴
- 作東/作东
- 你東我西/你东我西
- 借東風/借东风
- 偷東摸西/偷东摸西
- 做東道/做东道
- 出其東門/出其东门
- 副東/副东
- 十字軍東征/十字军东征 (Shízìjūn Dōngzhēng)
- 南金東箭/南金东箭
- 只欠東風/只欠东风
- 各奔東西/各奔东西
- 各自東西/各自东西
- 吾道東矣/吾道东矣
- 問東問西/问东问西
- 喫東道/吃东道
- 坦腹東床/坦腹东床
- 城東/城东 (Chéngdōng)
- 壞東西/坏东西
- 大東/大东 (Dàdōng)
- 大東/大东 (Dàdōng)
- 大江東去/大江东去
- 大股東/大股东
- 失之東隅,收之桑榆/失之东隅,收之桑榆 (shī zhī dōngyú, shōu zhī sāngyú)
- 好東西/好东西
- 婁東派/娄东派
- 安東/安东 (Āndōng)
- 安東尼/安东尼 (Āndōngní)
- 官東/官东 (Guāndōng)
- 宮東/宫东 (Gōngdōng)
- 小東/小东 (Xiǎodōng)
- 小東西/小东西 (xiǎodōngxi)
- 少東/少东 (shàodōng)
- 屏東/屏东 (Píngdōng)
- 屏東市/屏东市
- 屏東縣/屏东县
- 山東/山东 (Shāndōng)
- 山東/山东 (Shāndōng)
- 山東半島/山东半岛 (Shāndōng Bàndǎo)
- 山東大鼓/山东大鼓
- 山東快書/山东快书
- 山東梆子/山东梆子
- 山東琴書/山东琴书
- 巴東/巴东 (Bādōng)
- 巴東縣/巴东县
- 店東/店东 (diàndōng)
- 廣東/广东 (Guǎngdōng)
- 廣東大戲/广东大戏
- 廣東油桐/广东油桐
- 廣東漢劇/广东汉剧 (Guǎngdōng hànjù)
- 廣東灣/广东湾
- 廣東炒麵/广东炒面
- 廣東粥/广东粥
- 建東/建东 (Jiàndōng)
- 待東/待东
- 忽東忽西/忽东忽西
- 惠東/惠东 (Huìdōng)
- 房東/房东 (fángdōng)
- 扶東倒西/扶东倒西
- 投東摸西/投东摸西
- 拆東墻,補西壁/拆东墙,补西壁
- 拆東墻,補西墻/拆东墙,补西墙
- 拆東補西/拆东补西
- 拆西補東/拆西补东
- 指東打西/指东打西
- 指東畫西/指东画西
- 指東話西/指东话西
- 指東說西/指东说西
- 推東主西/推东主西
- 掇東掇西/掇东掇西
- 撩東劄西/撩东劄西
- 撩東撾西/撩东挝西
- 敖東/敖东 (Áodōng)
- 文東武西/文东武西
- 斗杓東指
- 新東/新东 (Xīndōng)
- 日東月西/日东月西
- 旭日東升 (xùrìdōngshēng)
- 暖東/暖东 (Nuǎndōng)
- 朝東暮西/朝东暮西
- 朝西暮東/朝西暮东
- 未辨東西/未辨东西
- 東一榔頭西一棒/东一榔头西一棒
- 東一榔頭,西一棒子/东一榔头,西一棒子 (dōng yī lángtou, xī yī bàngzǐ)
- 東丁/东丁
- 東下/东下
- 東三省/东三省 (Dōngsānshěng)
- 東三西四/东三西四
- 東主/东主 (dōngzhǔ)
- 東亞/东亚 (Dōngyà)
- 東交民巷/东交民巷
- 東京/东京 (Dōngjīng)
- 東京影展/东京影展
- 東京灣/东京湾 (Dōngjīngwān)
- 東京股市/东京股市
- 東人/东人 (dōngrén)
- 東作/东作
- 東來紫氣/东来紫气
- 東來西去/东来西去
- 東倒西歪/东倒西歪
- 東側/东侧 (dōngcè)
- 東偷西摸/东偷西摸
- 東光/东光 (Dōngguāng)
- 東兒/东儿
- 東兔西烏/东兔西乌
- 東加/东加 (Dōngjiā)
- 東加王國/东加王国
- 東加群島/东加群岛
- 東勢/东势 (Dōngshì)
- 東北/东北 (dōngběi)
- 東北三寶/东北三宝
- 東北九省/东北九省
- 東北亞/东北亚 (Dōngběiyà)
- 東北大鼓/东北大鼓
- 東北平原/东北平原 (Dōngběi Píngyuán)
- 東北方/东北方
- 東北風/东北风 (dōngběifēng)
- 東區/东区 (dōngqū)
- 東升 (Dōngshēng)
- 東半球/东半球 (dōngbànqiú)
- 東南/东南 (dōngnán)
- 東南之美/东南之美
- 東南亞/东南亚 (Dōngnányà)
- 東南季風/东南季风
- 東南方/东南方
- 東南歐/东南欧
- 東南竹箭/东南竹箭
- 東南部/东南部
- 東南風/东南风 (dōngnánfēng)
- 東印度/东印度 (Dōngyìndù)
- 東司/东司 (dōngsī)
- 東吉/东吉 (Dōngjí)
- 東向/东向
- 東君/东君 (Dōngjūn)
- 東吳/东吴 (Dōngwú)
- 東吳大學/东吴大学
- 東周/东周 (Dōngzhōu)
- 東周列國志/东周列国志
- 東土/东土
- 東坑/东坑 (Dōngkēng)
- 東坡/东坡
- 東坡居士/东坡居士
- 東坡椅兒/东坡椅儿
- 東坡肉/东坡肉 (dōngpōròu)
- 東坦蕭然/东坦萧然
- 東城/东城 (Dōngchéng, “Dongcheng”)
- 東埕/东埕 (Dōngchéng)
- 東塔宗/东塔宗
- 東塗西抹/东涂西抹
- 東壁/东壁
- 東夥/东伙
- 東央西告/东央西告
- 東夷/东夷 (Dōngyí)
- 東奔西向/东奔西向
- 東奔西撞/东奔西撞
- 東奔西竄/东奔西窜 (dōngbēnxīcuàn)
- 東奔西走/东奔西走 (dōngbēnxīzǒu)
- 東奔西跑/东奔西跑 (dōngbēnxīpǎo)
- 東奔西跳/东奔西跳
- 東安/东安 (Dōng'ān)
- 東宋/东宋 (Dōngsòng)
- 東宮/东宫 (dōnggōng)
- 東家/东家 (dōngjiā)
- 東家之子/东家之子
- 東家效顰/东家效颦
- 東寨/东寨 (Dōngzhài)
- 東寶/东宝 (Dōngbǎo)
- 東尋西覓/东寻西觅
- 東屋/东屋
- 東山/东山 (Dōngshān)
- 東山之志/东山之志
- 東山再起/东山再起 (dōngshānzàiqǐ)
- 東山法門/东山法门
- 東山高臥/东山高卧
- 東岱/东岱 (Dōngdài)
- 東岸/东岸 (dōng'àn)
- 東嶽/东岳 (Dōngyuè)
- 東差西誤/东差西误
- 東巴文/东巴文 (dōngbāwén)
- 東市/东市
- 東市朝衣/东市朝衣
- 東干 (Dōnggān)
- 東床/东床 (dōngchuáng)
- 東床坦腹/东床坦腹
- 東床嬌婿/东床娇婿
- 東床嬌客/东床娇客
- 東床快婿/东床快婿
- 東庠/东庠 (Dōngxiáng)
- 東廂/东厢
- 東廁/东厕 (dōngcè)
- 東廂房/东厢房
- 東廟/东庙 (Dōngmiào)
- 東廠/东厂 (Dōngchǎng)
- 東引/东引 (Dōngyǐn)
- 東張西望/东张西望 (dōngzhāngxīwàng)
- 東征
- 東征西怨
- 東征西討/东征西讨
- 東徙西遷/东徙西迁
- 東德/东德 (Dōngdé)
- 東想西想/东想西想
- 東扶西倒/东扶西倒
- 東扯西拽/东扯西拽
- 東扭西捏/东扭西捏
- 東折西繞/东折西绕
- 東抄西襲/东抄西袭
- 東拉西扯/东拉西扯 (dōnglāxīchě)
- 東指/东指
- 東拼西湊/东拼西凑 (dōngpīnxīcòu)
- 東挪西借/东挪西借
- 東挨西撞/东挨西撞
- 東挪西湊/东挪西凑 (dōngnuóxīcòu)
- 東掩西遮/东掩西遮
- 東揚西蕩/东扬西荡
- 東搖西擺/东摇西摆
- 東摸西摸/东摸西摸
- 東撈西摸/东捞西摸
- 東撙西節/东撙西节
- 東支西吾/东支西吾
- 東新/东新 (Dōngxīn)
- 東方/东方 (dōngfāng)
- 東方之日/东方之日
- 東方人/东方人 (dōngfāngrén)
- 東方快車/东方快车
- 東方明珠/东方明珠
- 東方未明/东方未明
- 東方熱/东方热
- 東方騎/东方骑
- 東施效顰/东施效颦 (dōngshīxiàopín)
- 東昇/东升 (Dōngshēng)
- 東昌/东昌 (Dōngchāng)
- 東明/东明 (Dōngmíng)
- 東昌紙/东昌纸
- 東晉/东晋 (Dōngjìn)
- 東曦既駕/东曦既驾
- 東望/东望
- 東朝/东朝
- 東林/东林 (Dōnglín)
- 東林書院/东林书院
- 東林黨/东林党
- 東柏林/东柏林 (Dōng-Bólín)
- 東榮/东荣 (Dōngróng)
- 東橋/东桥 (Dōngqiáo)
- 東歐/东欧 (Dōng-Ōu)
- 東歐集團/东欧集团
- 東正教/东正教 (dōngzhèngjiào)
- 東歪西倒/东歪西倒
- 東歸/东归
- 東沙/东沙 (Dōngshā)
- 東沙島/东沙岛 (Dōngshādǎo)
- 東沙群島/东沙群岛 (Dōngshā Qúndǎo)
- 東河/东河 (Dōnghé)
- 東津/东津 (Dōngjīn)
- 東洲/东洲 (Dōngzhōu)
- 東洋/东洋 (Dōngyáng)
- 東洛/东洛 (Dōngluò)
- 東洋人/东洋人 (dōngyángrén)
- 東洋劍/东洋剑
- 東洋大海/东洋大海
- 東洋話/东洋话
- 東洋車/东洋车 (dōngyángchē)
- 東海/东海 (Dōnghǎi)
- 東海大學/东海大学
- 東海岸/东海岸 (Dōnghǎi'àn)
- 東海揚塵/东海扬尘
- 東海撈針/东海捞针 (dōnghǎilāozhēn)
- 東海桑田/东海桑田
- 東淨/东净
- 東湖/东湖
- 東港/东港 (Dōnggǎng)
- 東渡/东渡
- 東溝/东沟 (Dōnggōu)
- 東溪/东溪 (Dōngxī)
- 東漸/东渐
- 東漢/东汉 (Dōnghàn)
- 東漖/东漖 (Dōngjiào)
- 東漸西被/东渐西被
- 東瀛/东瀛 (Dōngyíng)
- 東灣/东湾 (Dōngwān)
- 東牆/东墙
- 東王公/东王公
- 東瓜茄子/东瓜茄子 (dōngguā qiézi)
- 東皇/东皇
- 東皋/东皋
- 東盟/东盟 (Dōngméng)
- 東石/东石 (Dōngshí)
- 東碰西撞/东碰西撞
- 東突厥斯坦/东突厥斯坦
- 東穿西撞/东穿西撞
- 東窗事犯/东窗事犯
- 東窗事發/东窗事发 (dōngchuāngshìfā)
- 東端/东端 (dōngduān)
- 東箭南金/东箭南金
- 東籬/东篱
- 東經/东经 (dōngjīng)
- 東翁/东翁
- 東翻西倒/东翻西倒
- 東胡/东胡 (Dōnghú)
- 東苑/东苑 (Dōngyuàn)
- 東荊/东荆 (Dōngjīng)
- 東莞/东莞 (Dōngguǎn)
- 東莞縣/东莞县
- 東莞話/东莞话 (Dōngguǎnhuà)
- 東華大學/东华大学
- 東華門/东华门
- 東蒙/东蒙
- 東蕩西除/东荡西除
- 東藏西躲/东藏西躲
- 東行/东行
- 東衝西突/东冲西突
- 東…西…/东…西…
- 東西/东西
- 東西南北/东西南北 (dōngxīnánběi)
- 東西湖/东西湖 (Dōngxīhú)
- 東觀/东观
- 東觀之殃/东观之殃
- 東觀西望/东观西望 (dōngguānxīwàng)
- 東討西伐/东讨西伐
- 東討西征/东讨西征
- 東誆西騙/东诓西骗
- 東走西撞/东走西撞
- 東走西移/东走西移
- 東越/东越
- 東趙湖/东赵湖 (Dōngzhàohú)
- 東跑西顛/东跑西颠
- 東路/东路 (dōnglù)
- 東躲西藏/东躲西藏 (dōngduǒxīcáng)
- 東躲西跑/东躲西跑
- 東躲西逃/东躲西逃
- 東轉西晃/东转西晃
- 東逃西竄/东逃西窜 (dōngtáoxīcuàn)
- 東進/东进 (dōngjìn)
- 東道/东道 (dōngdào)
- 東道主/东道主 (dōngdàozhǔ)
- 東道之情/东道之情
- 東道國/东道国 (dōngdàoguó)
- 東遮西掩/东遮西掩
- 東遷西徙/东迁西徙
- 東邊/东边 (dōngbiān)
- 東邊兒/东边儿
- 東邊日出,西邊下雨/东边日出,西边下雨
- 東郊/东郊 (dōngjiāo)
- 東郭/东郭 (Dōngguō)
- 東部/东部 (dōngbù)
- 東郭先生/东郭先生 (dōng guō xiānshēng)
- 東郭履/东郭履
- 東都/东都 (dōngdū)
- 東鄉族/东乡族 (Dōngxiāngzú)
- 東鄰西舍/东邻西舍
- 東野巴人/东野巴人
- 東量西折/东量西折
- 東門/东门 (dōngmén)
- 東門之墠/东门之𫮃
- 東門之枌/东门之枌
- 東門之楊/东门之杨
- 東門之池/东门之池
- 東門樓/东门楼 (Dōngménlóu)
- 東門黃犬/东门黄犬
- 東閃西挪/东闪西挪
- 東閣/东阁
- 東閭/东闾 (Dōnglǘ)
- 東陵瓜/东陵瓜
- 東隅/东隅 (dōngyú)
- 東階/东阶
- 東零西散/东零西散
- 東零西落/东零西落
- 東非/东非 (Dōngfēi)
- 東非大裂谷/东非大裂谷
- 東面/东面 (dōngmiàn)
- 東面兒/东面儿
- 東鞏/东巩 (Dōnggǒng)
- 東顧/东顾
- 東風/东风 (dōngfēng)
- 東風吹馬耳/东风吹马耳
- 東飄西蕩/东飘西荡
- 東食西宿/东食西宿
- 東首/东首
- 東馬/东马 (Dōng-Mǎ)
- 東馬坊/东马坊 (Dōngmǎfáng)
- 東魏/东魏 (Dōngwèi)
- 東鱗西爪/东鳞西爪 (dōnglínxīzhuǎ)
- 東鳴西應/东鸣西应
- 柳河東/柳河东
- 水東/水东 (Shuǐdōng)
- 汈東/汈东 (Diāodōng)
- 江東/江东 (Jiāngdōng)
- 江東子弟/江东子弟
- 江東步兵/江东步兵
- 江東父老/江东父老
- 江東獨步/江东独步
- 江東紙/江东纸
- 河東/河东 (Hédōng)
- 河東獅吼/河东狮吼 (hédōng-shīhǒu)
- 河東獅子/河东狮子 (hédōngshīzi)
- 河東集/河东集
- 洛東江/洛东江 (Luòdōngjiāng)
- 浦東/浦东 (Pǔdōng)
- 浙東/浙东 (Zhèdōng)
- 浙東學派/浙东学派
- 海東青/海东青 (hǎidōngqīng)
- 混帳東西/混帐东西
- 湘東/湘东 (Xiāngdōng)
- 溪東/溪东
- 玉東西/玉东西
- 甚麼東西/甚么东西
- 田東/田东 (Tiándōng)
- 登東/登东
- 盡付東流/尽付东流
- 祭東施娘/祭东施娘
- 福如東海/福如东海 (fúrúdōnghǎi)
- 移東就西/移东就西
- 移東換西/移东换西
- 移東補西/移东补西
- 移禍江東/移祸江东
- 竹東/竹东 (Zhúdōng)
- 籠東/笼东
- 紫氣東來/紫气东来
- 罰東道/罚东道
- 羅東/罗东 (Luódōng)
- 羅東鎮/罗东镇
- 老山東/老山东
- 老東西/老东西 (lǎodōngxi)
- 聲東擊西/声东击西 (shēngdōngjīxī)
- 股東/股东 (gǔdōng)
- 股東大會/股东大会 (gǔdōng dàhuì)
- 股東權益/股东权益
- 膠東/胶东 (Jiāodōng)
- 膠東丘陵/胶东丘陵
- 臺東/台东 (Táidōng, “Taitung”)
- 臺東縣/台东县
- 草東/草东 (Cǎodōng)
- 華東/华东 (Huádōng)
- 華農東/华农东 (Huánóngdōng)
- 蘇東坡/苏东坡
- 蠢東西/蠢东西
- 行東/行东
- 西東/西东
- 西歪東倒/西歪东倒
- 西除東蕩/西除东荡
- 西風東漸/西风东渐
- 說東談西/说东谈西
- 說東道西/说东道西
- 謝東閔/谢东闵
- 財東/财东 (cáidōng)
- 賓東/宾东 (bīndōng)
- 賭東道/赌东道
- 近東/近东 (Jìndōng)
- 迷路東西/迷路东西
- 道東說西/道东说西
- 道西說東/道西说东
- 遠東/远东 (Yuǎndōng)
- 遼東/辽东 (Liáodōng)
- 遼東半島/辽东半岛 (Liáodōng Bàndǎo)
- 遼東帽/辽东帽
- 遼東灣/辽东湾 (Liáodōngwān)
- 遼東白豕/辽东白豕
- 遼東豕/辽东豕
- 遼東鶴/辽东鹤
- 鎮東/镇东 (Zhèndōng)
- 關東/关东 (Guāndōng)
- 關東客/关东客
- 關東平原/关东平原 (Guāndōng Píngyuán)
- 關東軍/关东军 (Guāndōngjūn)
- 陸皓東/陆皓东
- 面見江東/面见江东
- 顛東顛東/颠东颠东
- 馬東尼/马东尼
- 馬耳東風/马耳东风 (mǎ'ěrdōngfēng)
- 高臥東山/高卧东山
- 齊東野語/齐东野语 (qídōngyěyǔ)
Japanese
editKanji
editReadings
edit- Go-on: つう (tsū)
- Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)
- Sō-on: とん (ton)
- Kun: ひがし (higashi, 東, Jōyō)、あずま (azuma, 東)←あづま (aduma, 東, historical)
- Nanori: あい (ai)、あがり (agari)、あきら (akira)、こ (ko)、こち (kochi)、さき (saki)、しの (shino)、とお (tō)、はじめ (hajime)、はる (haru)、ひが (higa)、もと (moto)
Compounds
editEtymology 1
editKanji in this term |
---|
東 |
ひがし Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
/ɸiŋɡaɕi/ → /ɸiɡaɕi/ → /hiɡaɕi/
Sound shift from hingashi (see Etymology 2 below).
Now the standard word for east.[1][2]
Pronunciation
edit- (Tokyo) ひがし [hìgáshí] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
- (Tokyo) ひがし [hìgáshíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[2][3]
- IPA(key): [çiɡa̠ɕi]
Noun
edit- the east (compass point)
- Antonym: 西 (nishi)
- the Orient
- Synonym: 東洋 (tōyō)
- an easterly (wind blowing from the east)
- Synonym: 東風 (kochi, kochikaze, tōfū, higashikaze)
- (sumo) higher-ranked wrestlers listed on the right of a banzuke
- Antonym: 西 (nishi)
- an Eastern Bloc country
- (regional, historical) Kamakura and/or Edo, as opposed to Kyoto and Osaka
- Antonym: 西 (nishi)
- (theater) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Coordinate terms
edit- (compass points) 方角 (hōgaku);
北西 (hokusei) 西北 (seihoku) |
北 (kita) | 北東 (hokutō) 東北 (tōhoku) |
西 (nishi) | 東 (higashi) | |
西南 (seinan) 南西 (nansei) |
南 (minami) | 東南 (tōnan) 南東 (nantō) |
Derived terms
edit- 東する (higashisuru)
- 東面 (higashi omote)
- 東風 (higashikaze)
- 東方 (higashikata)
- 東側 (higashigawa)
- 東北 (higashi-kita)
- 東口 (higashiguchi)
- 東久邇 (Higashikuni)
- 東日本 (Higashi Nihon)
- 東の衆 (Higashi no Shū)
- 東の陣 (Higashi no Jin)
- 東の対 (higashi no tai)
- 東半球 (Higashi Hankyū)
- 東塞がり (higashi fusagari)
- 東本願寺 (Higashi Hongan-ji)
- 東向き (higashimuki)
- 川東, 河東 (kawahigashi)
- 真東 (mahigashi)
Descendants
edit- → English: higashi
Proper noun
edit- a historical red-light district in Edo located east of Edo Castle, today in Fukagawa, Kōtō, Tokyo prefecture
- (Buddhism) Short for 東本願寺 (Higashi Hongan-ji): a Buddhist temple in Shimogyō, Kyoto, Japan
- Synonym: お東 (o-Higashi)
- Higashi (multiple places throughout Japan, especially referring to a ward in Okayama, Kumamoto, Sakai, Sapporo, Nagoya, Niigata, Hamamatsu, Hiroshima and Fukuoka)
- A former ward of Osaka, Japan
- a surname
- 東音高
- Higashi Ototaka
- Ototaka Higashi, pediatrician known for Chédiak–Higashi syndrome
- 東音高
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term |
---|
東 |
ひんがし Grade: 2 |
irregular |
*⟨pi1 muka si⟩ → */pʲimukasi/ → /pimʉɡasi/ → /ɸimʉɡaɕi/ → /ɸiŋɡaɕi/ → /hiŋɡaɕi/
Shift from Old Japanese 東 (*pi1mukasi).[1][2]
Noun
editQuotations
editFor quotations using this term, see Citations:東.
Derived terms
editEtymology 3
editKanji in this term |
---|
東 |
あずま Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
---|
吾妻 吾嬬 |
⟨aduma⟩ → /ad͡zuma/ → /azuma/
From Old Japanese,[1][2] itself of unknown derivation.
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- (archaic) the east
- (archaic) the lands east of the 都 (miyako, “imperial capital”)
- (regional, historical) during the Kamakura and Muromachi periods, the Kamakura region or its titular 幕府 (bakufu, “shogunate”), as opposed to the imperial capital of Kyoto
- (regional, historical) during the Edo period, the region around Edo
- Short for 東つ (azumatsu): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
. - Short for 東琴 (azumagoto): a six-stringed Japanese zither
- Short for 東下駄 (azumageta): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Derived terms
edit- 東つ (azumatsu)
- 東遊び (azuma asobi)
- 東歌 (azuma uta)
- 東人 (azumaudo)
- 東夷, 東蝦夷 (azuma ebisu)
- 東男 (azuma otoko), 東男 (azuma onoko)
- 東折り (azuma ori)
- 東鑑 (Azuma Kagami)
- 東方 (azumagata)
- 東絡げ (azuma karage)
- 東菊 (azumagiku)
- 東絹 (azumaginu)
- 東下り (azuma kudari)
- 東下駄 (azumageta)
- 東っ子 (azumakko)
- 東声 (azuma-goe)
- 東コート (azuma kōto)
- 東琴 (azumagoto)
- 東言葉 (azuma kotoba)
- 東笹 (azumazasa)
- 東路 (azumaji)
- 東石南花 (azuma shakunage)
- 東障子 (azuma shōji)
- 東育ち (azuma sodachi)
- 東訛り (azuma namari)
- 東錦 (azuma nishiki)
- 東根笹 (azuma nezasa)
- 東の主 (azuma no aruji)
- 東彼岸 (azuma higan)
- 東人 (azumabito)
- 東百官 (azuma hyakkan)
- 東舞 (azuma mai)
- 東虫 (azumamushi)
- 東結び (azuma musubi)
- 東屋, 四阿, 阿舎 (azumaya)
- 東孺, 東豎子 (azuma warawa)
Proper noun
edit- a placename
- a female given name
- a surname
Etymology 4
editKanji in this term |
---|
東 |
とう Grade: 2 |
kan'on |
From Middle Chinese 東 (MC tuwng).
Pronunciation
editProper noun
edit- Short for 関東 (Kantō):: the Kantō region of Japan
- Short for 東国 (Tōgoku): a historical administrative division of Japan, corresponding to the modern Kantō and Tōkai regions
- Short for 東京 (Tōkyō): Tokyo
- a surname
Derived terms
editNoun
edit- (music) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Affix
editDerived terms
editEtymology 5
editKanji in this term |
---|
東 |
とん Grade: 2 |
sōon |
Compare Wu 東/东 (ton), Hakka 東/东 (tûng), Min Nan 東/东 (tong).
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- (mahjong) east wind (mahjong tile)
- Hypernym: 風牌 (kazehai, fanpai)
- (mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of east wind tiles; depending on wind round and player's seat wind, it is worth either 1 or 2 翻 (han, “doubles”)
- Hypernym: 役牌 (yakuhai, yaku-pai)
Derived terms
edit- 東風戦 (tonpūsen, “east-round game”)
See also
edit- 風牌 (kazehai, “wind tiles”): 東 (ton, “east wind”), 南 (nan, “south wind”), 西 (shā, “west wind”), 北 (pē, “north wind”)
Proper noun
edit- a surname
Etymology 6
editKanji in this term |
---|
東 |
Grade: 2 |
nanori |
Nominalization of the stem of adjective 明らか (akiraka, “clear”).
Proper noun
edit- a surname
- a male given name
Etymology 7
editKanji in this term |
---|
東 |
Grade: 2 |
nanori |
Nominalization of verb 上る, 登る (noboru, “to ascend, rise”).
Proper noun
edit- a male given name
Etymology 8
editKanji in this term |
---|
東 |
Grade: 2 |
nanori |
Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 始める (hajimeru, “to begin, start”).
Proper noun
edit- a surname
- a male given name
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Chinese 東 (MC tuwng).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 도ᇰ (Yale: twòng) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] | 도ᇰ녁 (Yale: twòngnyèk) | 도ᇰ (Yale: twòng) |
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [to̞ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [동]
Hanja
edit東 (eumhun 동녘 동 (dongnyeok dong))
Compounds
edit- 동경 (東京, Donggyeong)
- 동남 (東南, dongnam)
- 동방 (東方, dongbang)
- 동북 (東北, dongbuk)
- 동양 (東洋, Dong'yang)
- 동오 (東吳, Dong'o)
- 동해 (東海, Donghae)
- 광동 (廣東, Gwangdong)
- 극동 (極東, Geukdong)
- 근동 (近東, Geundong)
- 남동 (南東, namdong)
- 산동 (山東, Sandong)
- 안동 (安東, Andong)
- 영동 (嶺東, Yeongdong)
- 요동 (遼東, Yodong)
- 월동 (粤東, Woldong)
- 일동 (日東, Ildong)
- 정동 (征東, jeongdong)
- 정동 (正東, jeongdong)
- 중동 (中東, Jungdong)
- 향동 (向東, hyangdong)
- 활동 (活東, hwaldong)
- 동남아 (東南亞, Dongnama)
- 동대문 (東大門, Dongdaemun)
- 동반구 (東半球, dongban'gu)
- 동양풍 (東洋風, dong'yangpung)
- 동인도 (東印度, Dong'indo)
- 정동방 (正東方, jeongdongbang)
- 동분서주 (東奔西走, dongbunseoju)
- 제동야인 (齊東野人, jedong'yain)
- 조동율서 (棗東栗西, jodong'yulseo)
References
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Okinawan
editKanji
editReadings
editCompounds
editEtymology
editKanji in this term |
---|
東 |
あがり Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
From 上り (agari, “ascent, rise”) in reference to the direction where the sun rises or ascends.
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit東 (agari)
Old Japanese
editCompounds
edit- 東風 (ayu, *koti, *kotikaze)
Etymology 1
editUltimate derivation unknown.
A speculative origin might be a compound of 天 (ama, “sky, heavens”, combining form) + 端 (tuma, “edge, beginning”), but the elision of the ma in ama does not follow normal patterns.
Alternative forms
editNoun
edit東 (aduma) (kana あづま)
Quotations
editFor quotations using this term, see Citations:東.
Descendants
edit- Japanese: 東 (azuma)
Etymology 2
editFound in one poem of the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE), but consistently spelled with this single kanji rather than in man'yōgana, thus leaving the reading unspecified.
Originally a compound of 日 (pi1, “sun”) + 向か (muka, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of verb 向く (muku), “to face a direction”).[1][2] The final -si is possibly either the 風 (si) affix meaning “wind”, or a suffix indicating direction as in 昔 (mukasi, “past”).
Noun
edit東 (*pi1mukasi) (kana ひむかし)
- the east
Quotations
editFor quotations using this term, see Citations:東.
Descendants
edit- Japanese: 東 (hingashi → higashi)
See also
edit- 日向 (Pi1muka)
References
editVietnamese
editHan character
edit東: Hán Việt readings: đông[1][2][3][4][5][6]
東: Nôm readings: đông[1][2][3], đang[3]
References
editYoron
editKanji
editReadings
editEtymology
editFrom 上り (agari, “ascent, rise”) in reference to the direction where the sun rises or ascends.
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit東 (agari)
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