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東

東 U+6771, 東
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6771
← 杰
[U+6770]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 杲 →
[U+6772]
See also: 东 and 柬

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

東 (radical 75 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木田 (DW), four-corner 50906, composition ⿻木日)

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 513, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14499
  • Dae Jaweon: page 899, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1165, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6771

ChineseEdit

trad. 東
simp. 东

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 東
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
         
Characters in the same phonetic series (東) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
東 *toːŋ
菄 *toːŋ
鶇 *toːŋ
倲 *toːŋ
涷 *toːŋ, *toːŋs
蝀 *toːŋ, *toːŋʔ
凍 *toːŋ, *toːŋs
鯟 *toːŋ
崠 *toːŋ
埬 *toːŋ
棟 *toːŋs

Phonetic borrowing – originally represented a bag tied at both ends (like a cellophane-wrapped candy with the ends twisted), and was later borrowed phonetically to mean “east”. This borrowing may have been influenced by reinterpreting the character as the sun (日) rising behind a tree (木), which is the traditional (though incorrect) etymology, as given in Shuowen.

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • tang - colloquial;
  • tong - literary.
Rime
Character 東
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 東 (1)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 德紅切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /tuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /tuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /tuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /təwŋ/
Li
Rong		 /tuŋ/
Wang
Li		 /tuŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tuŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 dōng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 東
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 dōng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tuwng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*tˤoŋ/ (< *tˤoŋʔ ?)
English east

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 東
Reading # 1/1
No. 2435
Phonetic
component		 東
Rime
group		 東
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 東
Old
Chinese		 /*toːŋ/
Notes 種（種籽）初文，甲金文象種皮甲坼萌生根芽，參敕字陳字注

DefinitionsEdit

東

  1. east
  2. eastern
  3. eastward
  4. host
    做東 / 做东  ―  zuòdōng  ―  to be host
  5. landlord; owner
    房東 / 房东  ―  fángdōng  ―  landlord
    股東 / 股东  ―  gǔdōng  ―  shareholder

Coordinate termsEdit

  • 南 (nán, “south”)
  • 西 (xī, “west”)
  • 北 (běi, “north”)

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 東

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

東

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. east

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
東
とう
Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 東 (tuwng, “east”).

PronunciationEdit

Proper nounEdit

東 (hiragana とう, rōmaji Tō)

  1. A surname​.
  2. Abbreviation of 関東 (Kantō): the Kantō region
  3. Abbreviation of 東国 (Tōgoku): eastern Japan

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
東
ひむかし
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

*/pimukasi/ → /fimukaɕi/ → /himukaɕi/

From Old Japanese. Compound of 日 (hi, “sun”) +‎ 向か (muka, “facing, direction”) +‎ 風 (shi, “wind, direction”).[1][2]

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

東 (hiragana ひむかし, rōmaji himukashi)

  1. (obsolete) east

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
東
ひんがし
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

/pimukasi/ → /pimugasi/ invalid IPA characters (g), replace g with ɡ → /fimugaɕi/ invalid IPA characters (g), replace g with ɡ → /fingaɕi/ invalid IPA characters (g), replace g with ɡ → /hingaɕi/ invalid IPA characters (g), replace g with ɡ

Sound shift from earlier pimukasi.[1][2]

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

東 (hiragana ひんがし, rōmaji hingashi)

  1. (obsolete) east
    • 10th century: Ise Monogatari (chapter 4, page 82)
      むかし、東（ひんがし）の五条に大后の宮おはしましける、西の対に住む人有けり。

Etymology 4Edit

Kanji in this term
東
ひがし
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

/hingaɕi/ invalid IPA characters (g), replace g with ɡ → /higaɕi/ invalid IPA characters (g), replace g with ɡ

Sound shift from earlier hingashi. Now the standard word for east.[1][2]

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

東 (hiragana ひがし, rōmaji higashi)

  1. east

Proper nounEdit

東 (hiragana ひがし, rōmaji Higashi)

  1. A surname​.

Etymology 5Edit

Kanji in this term
東
あずま
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

/aduma/ → /ad͡zuma/ → /azuma/

From Old Japanese.[1][2] Ultimate derivation unknown. A speculative origin might be a compound of 天 (ama, “sky, heavens”) + 端 (tsuma, “edge, beginning”), but the elision of the ma in ama does not follow normal patterns.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

東 (hiragana あずま, rōmaji azuma, historical hiragana あづま)

  1. east, Eastern Japan

Proper nounEdit

東 (hiragana あずま, rōmaji Azuma, historical hiragana あづま)

  1. A male given name
  2. A surname​.

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

東 • (dong)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 동 (revised: dong, McCune-Reischauer: tong, Yale: tong)
    • Name (hangeul): 동녘 (revised: dongnyeok, McCune-Reischauer: tongnyŏk, Yale: tongnyekh)
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

CompoundsEdit

OkinawanEdit

KanjiEdit

東

ReadingsEdit

  • Native: く (ku), くち (kuchi), あがり (agari)
  • Nonnative: とー (tō), とぅ (tu)

CompoundsEdit

  • 東風 (くち, kuchi): east wind, easterly wind, eastern wind
  • 東風 (くちかじ, kuchikaji): east wind, easterly wind, eastern wind
  • 東京 (とーちょー, tōchō): Tokyo
  • 広東瓜 (くゎんとぅうい, kwantuui): watermelon

EtymologyEdit

From 上り (agari, “ascent, rise”) in reference to the direction where the sun rises, ascends.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

東 (hiragana あがり, romaji agari)

  1. east

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

東 (đông, đang)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

YoronEdit

KanjiEdit

東

ReadingsEdit

  • Native: あがり (agari)

EtymologyEdit

From 上り (agari, “ascent, rise”) in reference to the direction where the sun rises, ascends.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

東 (hiragana あがり, romaji agari)

  1. east
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