東
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TranslingualEdit
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han characterEdit
東 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木田 (DW), four-corner 50906, composition ⿻木日 or ⿻束一)
Derived charactersEdit
- 倲(㑈), 凍(冻), 㖦, 埬(𪣆), 娻, 崠, 𢔅, 𢛔(𫹼), 㨂, 涷, 𤟈, 陳(陈), 腖(胨), 棟(栋), 𬌃, 𤦪, 𬨮, 𫞸, 䍶, 蝀(𬟽), 諌, 𧳣, 𧼓, 𨌿, 錬, 㯥, 𩜍, 𩣳, 鯟, 䵔, 𫨽, 𮟽, 㼯, 𧡍(𬢈), 䰤, 鶇(鸫), 𫳒, 崬(岽), 氭(𣱝), 菄, 䦨, 𩭩, 𪂝
- 練 (Exception: Only for Japanese shinjitai. Other regions contain 柬 instead)
- 重 (Contains 東 as a phonetic)
Related charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 513, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14499
- Dae Jaweon: page 899, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1165, character 4
- Unihan data for U+6771
ChineseEdit
trad. | 東 | |
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simp. | 东 |
Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 東 | |||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
The traditional origin, as given in Shuowen, interprets the character as the sun (日) rising behind a tree (木). Some scholars stand by this; others challenge it, interpreting it as a phonetic borrowing of a character that originally represented either a bundle of faggots tied together or a bag tied at both ends (like a cellophane-wrapped candy with the ends twisted). See the discussion in Allan (1991), pp. 47-50. Allan herself argues that evidence from the oracle bone inscriptions support the Shuowen, and that the tree represents the Fu Sang tree.
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with Chepang थोङ्सा (thoŋ‑, “lighten; be bright”) and Chepang थोङ्ह (thoŋh, “awake time (as opposed to dream time)”) (Schuessler, 2007). Perhaps related to or influenced by 暾 (OC *tʰuːn, “rising sun”).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
東
Coordinate termsEdit
- (compass points) 方位;
西北 | 北 | 東北 |
西 | 東 | |
西南 | 南 | 東南 |
DescendantsEdit
Others:
- Japanese: 東 (ton, “east wind (mahjong tile)”)
CompoundsEdit
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: つう (tsū)
- Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)
- Sō-on: とん (ton)
- Kun: ひがし (higashi, 東, Jōyō); あずま (azuma, 東)←あづま (aduma, historical)
- Nanori: あい (ai); あがり (agari); あきら (akira); こ (ko); こち (kochi); さき (saki); しの (shino); とお (tō); はじめ (hajime); はる (haru); ひが (higa); もと (moto)
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Kanji in this term |
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東 |
ひがし Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
/ɸiŋɡaɕi/ → /ɸiɡaɕi/ → /hiɡaɕi/
Sound shift from hingashi (see Etymology 2 below).
Now the standard word for east.[1][2]
PronunciationEdit
- (Tokyo) ひがし [hìgáshí] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
- (Tokyo) ひがし [hìgáshíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[2][3]
- IPA(key): [çiɡa̠ɕi]
NounEdit
- the east (compass point)
- Antonym: 西 (nishi)
- the Orient
- Synonym: 東洋 (tōyō)
- an easterly (wind blowing from the east)
- Synonym: 東風 (kochi, kochikaze, tōfū, higashikaze)
- (sumo) higher-ranked wrestlers listed on the right of a banzuke
- Antonym: 西 (nishi)
- an Eastern Bloc country
- (regional, historical) Kamakura and/or Edo, as opposed to Kyoto and Osaka
- Antonym: 西 (nishi)
- (theater) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Coordinate termsEdit
- (compass points) 方角 (hōgaku);
西北 (seihoku) 北西 (hokusei) |
北 (kita) | 東北 (tōhoku) 北東 (hokutō) |
西 (nishi) | 東 (higashi) | |
西南 (seinan) 南西 (nansei) |
南 (minami) | 東南 (tōnan) 南東 (nantō) |
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- → English: higashi
Proper nounEdit
- (historical) a red-light district in Edo located east of Edo Castle (today in Fukagawa, Kōtō Ward)
- (Buddhism) Short for 東本願寺 (Higashi Hongan-ji): a Buddhist temple in Kyoto
- a placename, especially the name of a ward in various cities throughout Japan
- a surname
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Kanji in this term |
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東 |
ひんがし Grade: 2 |
Irregular |
*⟨pi1 muka si⟩ → */pʲimukasi/ → /pimʉɡasi/ → /ɸimʉɡaɕi/ → /ɸiŋɡaɕi/ → /hiŋɡaɕi/
Shift from Old Japanese 東 (*pi1mukasi).[1][2].
NounEdit
QuotationsEdit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:東.
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
Kanji in this term |
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東 |
あずま Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spellings |
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吾妻 吾嬬 |
⟨aduma⟩ → /ad͡zuma/ → /azuma/
From Old Japanese,[1][2] itself of unknown derivation.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- (archaic) the east
- (archaic) the lands east of the 都 (miyako, “imperial capital”)
- (regional, historical) during the Kamakura and Muromachi periods, the Kamakura region or its titular 幕府 (bakufu, “shogunate”), as opposed to the imperial capital of Kyoto
- (regional, historical) during the Edo period, the region around Edo
- Short for 東つ (azumatsu): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
. - Short for 東琴 (azumagoto): a six-stringed Japanese zither
- Short for 東下駄 (azumageta): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Derived termsEdit
Proper nounEdit
- a placename
- a female given name
- a surname
Etymology 4Edit
Kanji in this term |
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東 |
とう Grade: 2 |
kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 東 (MC tuŋ).
PronunciationEdit
Proper nounEdit
- Short for 関東 (Kantō):: the Kantō region of Japan
- Short for 東国 (Tōgoku): a historical administrative division of Japan, corresponding to the modern Kantō and Tōkai regions
- Short for 東京 (Tōkyō): Tokyo
- a surname
Derived termsEdit
NounEdit
- (music) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
AffixEdit
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 5Edit
Kanji in this term |
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東 |
とん Grade: 2 |
sōon |
Compare Wu 東 (ton), Hakka 東 (tûng), Min Nan 東 (tong).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- (mahjong) east wind (mahjong tile)
- Hypernym: 風牌 (kazehai, fanpai)
- (mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of east wind tiles; depending on wind round and player's seat wind, it is worth either 1 or 2 翻 (han, “doubles”)
- Hypernym: 役牌 (yakuhai, yaku-pai)
Derived termsEdit
- 東風戦 (tonpūsen, “east-round game”)
See alsoEdit
- 風牌 (kazehai, “wind tiles”): 東 (ton, “east wind”), 南 (nan, “south wind”), 西 (shā, “west wind”), 北 (pē, “north wind”)
Proper nounEdit
- a surname
Etymology 6Edit
Kanji in this term |
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東 |
Grade: 2 |
nanori |
Nominalization of the stem of adjective 明らか (akiraka, “clear”).
Proper nounEdit
- a surname
- a male given name
Etymology 7Edit
Kanji in this term |
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東 |
Grade: 2 |
nanori |
Nominalization of verb 上る, 登る (noboru, “to ascend, rise”).
Proper nounEdit
- a male given name
Etymology 8Edit
Kanji in this term |
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東 |
Grade: 2 |
nanori |
Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 始める (hajimeru, “to begin, start”).
Proper nounEdit
- a surname
- a male given name
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 東 (MC tuŋ).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 도ᇰ (Yale: twòng) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] | 도ᇰ녁 (Yale: twòngnyèk) | 도ᇰ (Yale: twòng) |
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [to̞ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [동]
HanjaEdit
東 (eumhun 동녘 동 (dongnyeok dong))
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
OkinawanEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
CompoundsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Kanji in this term |
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東 |
あがり Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
From 上り (agari, “ascent, rise”) in reference to the direction where the sun rises or ascends.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
東 (hiragana あがり, rōmaji agari)
Old JapaneseEdit
CompoundsEdit
- 東風 (ayu, *koti, *kotikaze)
Etymology 1Edit
Ultimate derivation unknown.
A speculative origin might be a compound of 天 (ama, “sky, heavens”, combining form) + 端 (tuma, “edge, beginning”), but the elision of the ma in ama does not follow normal patterns.
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
東 (aduma) (kana あづま)
QuotationsEdit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:東.
DescendantsEdit
- Japanese: 東 (azuma)
Etymology 2Edit
Found in one poem of the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE), but consistently spelled with this single kanji rather than in man'yōgana, thus leaving the reading unspecified.
Originally a compound of 日 (pi1, “sun”) + 向か (muka, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of verb 向く (muku), “to face a direction”).[1][2] The final -si is possibly either the 風 (si) affix meaning “wind”, or a suffix indicating direction as in 昔 (mukasi, “past”).
NounEdit
東 (*pi1mukasi) (kana ひむかし)
- the east
QuotationsEdit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:東.
DescendantsEdit
- Japanese: 東 (hingashi → higashi)
See alsoEdit
- 日向 (Pi1muka)
ReferencesEdit
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
東: Hán Việt readings: đông[1][2][3][4][5][6]
東: Nôm readings: đông[1][2][3], đang[3]
ReferencesEdit
YoronEdit
KanjiEdit
東
EtymologyEdit
From 上り (agari, “ascent, rise”) in reference to the direction where the sun rises or ascends.