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光

See also: 灮

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

光 (radical 10 儿+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 火一山 (FMU), four-corner 90211, composition ⿱⿱⺌一儿)

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 124, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1350
  • Dae Jaweon: page 262, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 266, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5149

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 光
alt. forms
 
㫕
灮
炗
炚
炛
烡
𠈑
𤉭
𤎫
𤐥

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 光
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
Oracle bone script

j23048

j23049

j23050

j23051

j23052

j23053

j23054

j23055

j23056

j23057

j23058

j23059

j23060

j23061

j23062
Bronze inscriptions

b14861

b14862

b14863

b14864

b14865

b14866

b14867

b14868

b14869

b14870

b14871

b14872

b14873

b14874

b14875

b14876

b14877

b14878

b14879

b14880

b14881

b14882
Large seal script

L32956

L32957

L32958

L32959

L32960

L32961

L32962

L10093

L10094

L10095

L10096

L10097

L10098

L10099

L10100

L10101

L10102

L10103

L10104

L10105

L10106

L10107

L10108

L10109

L10110

L10111

L10112

L10113
Small seal script

s07367
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (large seal) and
  • Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 火 ‎(“fire”) + 卩 ‎(“kneeling person”) – fire over a person's head, emphasizing the shining of light (Shuowen).

PronunciationEdit

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 光
Mandarin Beijing /kuɑŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /kuaŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /kuɑŋ²¹/
Jinan /kuaŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /kuaŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /kuaŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /kuaŋ²¹/ ～頭
/kuaŋ²⁴/ 副詞
Xining /kuɔ̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kuɑŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /kuɑ̃³¹/
Ürümqi /kuɑŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /kuaŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /kuaŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /kuaŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /kuã̠/
Nanjing /kuaŋ³¹/
Hefei /kuɑ̃²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /kuɒ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /kuɑŋ¹³/
/kuə¹³/ ～油油
Hohhot /kuɑ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /kuɑ̃⁵³/
Suzhou /kuɑ̃⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /kuɑŋ³³/
Wenzhou /kuɔ³³/
Hui Shexian /ko³¹/
Tunxi /kau¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /kaun³³/
Xiangtan /kɔn³³/
Gan Nanchang /kuɔŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /kuoŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /koŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kwɔŋ⁵³/
Nanning /kɔŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kwɔŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kɔŋ⁵⁵/
/kŋ̍⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kuoŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kuaŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kuaŋ³³/
/kɯŋ³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /kuaŋ²³/
/kui²³/
Rime
Character 光 光
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 唐 (102) 唐 (102)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 古黃切 古曠切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kwɑŋ/ /kwɑŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʷɑŋ/ /kʷɑŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kuɑŋ/ /kuɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kwaŋ/ /kwaŋH/
Li
Rong		 /kuɑŋ/ /kuɑŋH/
Wang
Li		 /kuɑŋ/ /kuɑŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kwɑŋ/ /kwɑŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 guāng guàng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 光
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 guāng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kwang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kʷˤaŋ/
English light, brightness

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 光 光
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 4506 4517
Phonetic
component		 光 光
Rime
group		 陽 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 桄
Old
Chinese		 /*kʷaːŋ/ /*kʷaːŋs/
Notes 灮隸變

DefinitionsEdit

光

  1. light; beam; ray   (Classifier: 束 m; 道 m)
  2. only
  3. to make bare
  4. shiny
  5. Particle used after verbs to show exhaustion or completion. until none is left
    賣光了 / 卖光了  ―  mài guāng le  ―  completely sold out
  6. bright
    Antonyms: 暗 (àn)

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 光

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

光

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
光
ひかり
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

The 連用形 ‎(ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 光る ‎(hikaru, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).[1][2]

PronunciationEdit

Alternative formsEdit

NounEdit

光 ‎(hiragana ひかり, romaji hikari)

  1. a physically perceived light: a light, a gleam, shining, glittering
    ダイヤモンドの光 (ひかり)
    daiyamondo no hikari
    a diamond's glitter / shine / twinkling
  2. a metaphorical light: glory, a glimmer, a gleam
    前途 (ぜんと)に光 (ひかり)を失 (うしな)う
    zento ni hikari o ushinau
    to lose light regarding the future → future prospects grow dim
    解決 (かいけつ)への道 (みち)に光 (ひかり)を投 (な)げかける
    kaiketsu e no michi ni hikari o nagekakeru
    to shed light on the way to a solution
  3. (in compounds) optics
    光 (ひかり)ファイバー
    hikari faibā
    optical fiber

Proper nounEdit

光 ‎(hiragana ひかり, romaji Hikari)

  1. a place name, such as that of Hikari City in Yamaguchi Prefecture
  2. one of the bullet train services running on the Tōkaido/Sanyō shinkansen
  3. A surname​.
  4. A female given name

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
光
ひかる
Grade: 2
Irregular

Nominalization of the verb 光る ‎(hikaru, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).

PronunciationEdit

  • (Irregular reading)
  • IPA(key): [çika̠ɾ̠ɯᵝ]

Proper nounEdit

光 ‎(hiragana ひかる, romaji Hikaru)

  1. A male given name

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
光
こう
Grade: 2
on'yomi

/kwau/ → /kwɔː/ → /kɔː/ → /koː/

From Middle Chinese 光 ‎(kwang, “light, brightness”). Compare modern Mandarin guāng and Hakka kông, Min Nan kong.

PronunciationEdit

Proper nounEdit

光 ‎(hiragana こう, romaji Kō, historical hiragana くわう)

  1. A male given name

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  3. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

光 • ‎(gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune-Reischauer kwang, Yale kwang)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

光 (quang, cuông, quàng, quăng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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Last edited on 28 September 2016, at 05:12