Wiktionary

光

See also: 灮
光 U+5149, 光
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5149
← 先
[U+5148] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 兊 →
[U+514A]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

Stroke order
 

光 (Kangxi radical 10, 儿+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 火一山 (FMU), four-corner 90211, composition ⿱⺌兀)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 124, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1350
  • Dae Jaweon: page 262, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 266, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5149

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
 光
alternative forms
 
㫕
灮
炗
炚
炛
㫕
灮
炗
炚
炛
烡
𠈑
𤉭
𤎫
𤐥

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 光
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         
Oracle bone script
 

j23048

 

j23049

 

j23050

 

j23051

 

j23052

 

j23053

 

j23054

 

j23055

 

j23056

 

j23057

 

j23058

 

j23059

 

j23060

 

j23061

 

j23062

Bronze inscriptions
 

b14861

 

b14862

 

b14863

 

b14864

 

b14865

 

b14866

 

b14867

 

b14868

 

b14869

 

b14870

 

b14871

 

b14872

 

b14873

 

b14874

 

b14875

 

b14876

 

b14877

 

b14878

 

b14879

 

b14880

 

b14881

 

b14882

Small seal script
 

s07367

Transcribed ancient scripts
 

L32956

 

L32957

 

L32958

 

L32959

 

L32960

 

L32961

 

L32962

 

L10093

 

L10094

 

L10095

 

L10096

 

L10097

 

L10098

 

L10099

 

L10100

 

L10101

 

L10102

 

L10103

 

L10104

 

L10105

 

L10106

 

L10107

 

L10108

 

L10109

 

L10110

 

L10111

 

L10112

 

L10113

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (光) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
光 *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs
灮 *kʷaːŋ
洸 *kʷaːŋ, *qʷaːŋ
桄 *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs
胱 *kʷaːŋ
垙 *kʷaːŋ
輄 *kʷaːŋ
恍 *kʷaːŋ, *qʰʷaːŋʔ
茪 *kʷaːŋ
侊 *kʷaːŋ, *kʷraːŋ
晃 *ɡʷaːŋʔ
幌 *ɡʷaːŋʔ
榥 *ɡʷaːŋʔ
滉 *ɡʷaːŋʔ
觥 *kʷraːŋ
駫 *kʷeːŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 火 (“fire”) + 卩 (“kneeling person”) – fire over a person's head, emphasizing the shining of light (Shuowen).

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hwaŋ (“shine; bright; yellow”). Cognate with 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “yellow”), 曠 (OC *kʰʷaːŋs, “bright; well-lit”), Burmese ဝင်း (wang:, “bright”).

Pronunciation 1 edit

Note: guǎng - "only".
Note:
  • kng/kuiⁿ - vernacular;
  • kong/koang - literary.
Note:
  • geng1 - vernacular;
  • guang1 - literary.
Note:
  • 1kuan - used in 光火;
  • 1kuaon - all other senses.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 光
Mandarin Beijing /kuɑŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /kuaŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /kuɑŋ²¹/
Jinan /kuaŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /kuaŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /kuaŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /kuaŋ²¹/ ～頭
/kuaŋ²⁴/ 副詞
Xining /kuɔ̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kuɑŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /kuɑ̃³¹/
Ürümqi /kuɑŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /kuaŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /kuaŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /kuaŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /kuã̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /kuaŋ³¹/
Hefei /kuɑ̃²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /kuɒ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /kuɑŋ¹³/
/kuə¹³/ ～油油
Hohhot /kuɑ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /kuɑ̃⁵³/
Suzhou /kuɑ̃⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /kuɑŋ³³/
Wenzhou /kuɔ³³/
Hui Shexian /ko³¹/
Tunxi /kau¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /kuan³³/
Xiangtan /kɔn³³/
Gan Nanchang /kuɔŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /kuoŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /koŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kwɔŋ⁵³/
Nanning /kɔŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kwɔŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kɔŋ⁵⁵/
/kŋ̍⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kuoŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kuaŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kuaŋ³³/
/kɯŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kuaŋ²³/
/kue²³/
Rime
Character 光
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 唐 (102)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古黃切
Baxter kwang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kwɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʷɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kuɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kwaŋ/
Li
Rong 		/kuɑŋ/
Wang
Li 		/kuɑŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kwɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		guāng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gwong1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 光
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		guāng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kwang ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kʷˁaŋ/
English light, brightness

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 光
Reading # 1/2
No. 4506
Phonetic
component 		光
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*kʷaːŋ/
Notes 灮隸變

Definitions edit

光

  1. light; beam; ray (Classifier: 束 m; 道 m)
    燈光／灯光  ―  dēngguāng  ―  lamplight
    聚光燈／聚光灯  ―  jùguāngdēng  ―  spotlight
    一束光透過門縫射進來。 [MSC, trad.]
    一束光透过门缝射进来。 [MSC, simp.]
    Yī shù guāng tòuguò ménféng shè jìnlái. [Pinyin]
    A beam of light shone through the door.
    1. (specifically, physics) ray (Classifier: 條／条)
  2. glory; pride
    臺灣之光／台湾之光  ―  Táiwān zhī guāng  ―  the pride of Taiwan; someone who has brought glory to Taiwan
  3. bright
  4. time
  5. shiny; smooth
  6. scenery; sight
  7. to make bare; to be naked
    光著腳走路／光着脚走路  ―  guāngzhe jiǎo zǒulù  ―  to walk barefoot
    我光著呢。／我光着呢。  ―  Wǒ guāngzhe ne.  ―  I'm not decent.
  8. only
    別光吃肉，吃點蔬菜吧。 [MSC, trad.]
    别光吃肉，吃点蔬菜吧。 [MSC, simp.]
    Bié guāng chī ròu, chī diǎn shūcài ba. [Pinyin]
    Don't eat only meat. Eat some vegetables.
  9. Particle used after verbs to show exhaustion or completion; until none is left
    賣光了／卖光了  ―  mài guāng le  ―  completely sold out
    我已經用光了所有的錢。 [MSC, trad.]
    我已经用光了所有的钱。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ yǐjīng yòngguāng le suǒyǒu de qián. [Pinyin]
    I've already used up all of my money.
  10. Used in polite expressions.
  11. a surname
Synonyms edit
  • (light):
Dialectal synonyms of 光 (“light”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 光
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 光
Mandarin Beijing 光, 亮兒 †
Taiwan 光
Jinan 光, 亮兒 †
Xi'an 光, 亮 †
Wuhan 光
Chengdu 光
Guilin 光
Yangzhou 光
Hefei 光
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 光
Dagudi (Maliba) 光
Reshuitang (Longling) 光
Mae Salong (Lancang) 光
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 光
Cantonese Guangzhou 光
Hong Kong 光
Yangjiang 光
Hepu (Lianzhou) 光
Hepu (Shatian) 光
Beihai 光
Beihai (Nankang) 光
Beihai (Yingpan) 光
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 光
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 光, 亮
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 光
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 光
Móng Cái 光
Bangkok (Guangfu) 光
Gan Nanchang 光
Hakka Meixian 光, 亮
Shanghang 光
Bangkok (Jiexi) 光
Jin Taiyuan 光, 亮 †
Northern Min Jian'ou 光
Eastern Min Fuzhou 光
Southern Min Xiamen 光
Chaozhou 光
Shantou 光
Jieyang 光
Bangkok (Teochew) 光
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 光
Hat Yai (Teochew) 光
Pontianak (Teochew) 光
Puxian Min Putian 光
Wu Suzhou 光
Wenzhou 光
Xiang Changsha 亮, 光
Xiangxiang 光
Shuangfeng 光
Note † - beam or lamplight
Dialectal synonyms of 亮 (“bright”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 明, 亮
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 亮, 光亮
Mandarin Beijing 亮
Taiwan 亮
Yantai (Muping) 亮
Jinan 亮
Xi'an 亮
Yinchuan 亮
Wuhan 亮, 光
Chengdu 亮
Guiyang 亮
Guilin 亮
Yangzhou 亮
Nanjing 亮
Hefei 亮
Cantonese Guangzhou 光
Hong Kong 光
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 皓
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 光
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 皓
Taishan 皓
Kaiping (Chikan) 光
Dongguan 光, 皓
Yangjiang 光
Nanning 光
Danzhou 光
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 光
Gan Nanchang 亮
Pingxiang 光
Hakka Meixian 光
Xingning 光
Huiyang 光
Huidong (Daling) 光
Dongguan (Qingxi) 光
Wuhua (Huacheng) 光
Heyuan (Bendihua) 光
Wengyuan 光
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 光
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 光
Liannan 光
Jiexi 光
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 光
Changting 光
Wuping 光
Wuping (Yanqian) 光
Wuping (Pingyu) 光
Liancheng 光
Ninghua 光
Yudu 光
Ningdu 光
Ruijin 光
Shicheng 光
Shangyou (Shexi) 光
Tonggu (Sandu) 光
Ganzhou (Panlong) 光
Dayu 光
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 光
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 光
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 光
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 光
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 光
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 光
Hong Kong 光
Mengshan (Xihe) 光
Luchuan 光
Senai (Huiyang) 光
Huizhou Jixi 亮
Jin Taiyuan 亮
Northern Min Jian'ou 光
Eastern Min Fuzhou 光
Changle 光
Fuqing 光
Yongtai 光
Gutian 光
Fu'an 光
Ningde 光
Shouning 光
Zhouning 光
Fuding 光
Southern Min Xiamen 光
Quanzhou 光
Zhangzhou 光
Taipei 光
Kaohsiung 光
Yilan 光
Changhua (Lukang) 光
Taichung 光
Taichung (Wuqi) 光
Tainan 光
Taitung 光
Hsinchu 光
Penghu (Magong) 光
Penang (Hokkien) 光
Manila (Hokkien) 光
Chaozhou 光
Shantou 光, 亮
Jieyang 光
Bangkok (Teochew) 光
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 光
Leizhou 光
Wenchang 光
Haikou 光
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 亮
Wu Shanghai 亮
Suzhou 亮
Hangzhou 亮
Wenzhou 光
Xiang Changsha 亮, 光
Shuangfeng 亮, 光
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
Antonyms edit
  • (antonym(s) of "bright"): 暗 (àn), 黑 (hēi)
Compounds edit

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (光):
  • → Japanese: 光(こう) (kō)
  • → Korean: 광(光) (gwang)
  • → Vietnamese: quang (光)

Pronunciation 2 edit

Rime
Character 光
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 唐 (102)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古曠切
Baxter kwangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kwɑŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʷɑŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kuɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kwaŋH/
Li
Rong 		/kuɑŋH/
Wang
Li 		/kuɑŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kwɑŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		guàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gwong3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 光
Reading # 2/2
No. 4517
Phonetic
component 		光
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		桄
Old
Chinese 		/*kʷaːŋs/

Definitions edit

光

  1. ‡ to color

References edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

光

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
光
ひかり
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

⟨pi1kari⟩ → */pʲikari/ → /ɸikari/ → /hikari/

From Old Japanese.

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 光る (hikaru, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).[1][2]

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

光(ひかり) • (hikari)  (counter 筋)

  1. a physically perceived light:
    1. a light, beam, illumination
    2. a gleam, glow, ray
    3. a glimmer, shine, sparkle
      ダイヤモンドの光(ひかり)
      daiyamondo no hikari
      a diamond's glitter / shine / twinkling
    4. a luster/lustre, polish, sheen
  2. a metaphorical light:
    1. glory, influence, power
    2. a glimmer, gleam
      前(ぜん)途(と)に光(ひかり)を失(うしな)う
      zento ni hikari o ushinau
      to lose light regarding the future → future prospects grow dim
      解(かい)決(けつ)への道(みち)に光(ひかり)を投(な)げかける
      kaiketsu e no michi ni hikari o nagekakeru
      to shed light on the way to a solution
    3. positive aspect
      インターネット時(じ)代(だい)の光(ひかり)
      intānetto jidai no hikari
      the positive aspect of the internet age
    4. a displaying, putting on airs
    5. a vision, eyesight
  3. (optics) relating to light or vision: optical, photo-
    光(ひかり)ファイバー
    hikari faibā
    optical fiber
  4. (colloquial) Short for 光り物 (hikarimono): sashimi with some of the silver-colored skin left
Quotations edit

For quotations using this term, see Citations:光.

Synonyms edit
Antonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Derived terms

Idiom edit

  1. 蛍(ほたる)の光(ひかり)窓(まど)の雪(ゆき) (hotaru no hikari mado no yuki, “firefly's dim light, snow reflected on the window → diligent study”)
Descendants edit
  • → Okinawan: 光 (fikari)

Proper noun edit

光(ひかり) • (Hikari) 

  1. Hikari (a city in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan)
  2. one of the bullet train services running on the 東海道 (Tōkaido) or 山陽 (San'yō) shinkansen
  3. a surname
  4. a female given name

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
光
ひか(る)
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Nominalization of the verb 光る (hikaru, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).

Pronunciation edit

Proper noun edit

光(ひかる) • (Hikaru) 

  1. a male given name
  2. a female given name

Etymology 3 edit

Kanji in this term
光
こう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

/kʷau/ → /kʷɔː/ → /kɔː/ → /koː/

From Middle Chinese 光 (MC kwang).

Compare modern Mandarin 光 (guāng), Hakka 光 (kông), and Min Nan 光 (kong).

Pronunciation edit

Affix edit

光(こう) • (kō) ←くわう (kwau)?

  1. light, gleam, shine
  2. gleaming, shining
  3. scenery
  4. glory, honor/honour, pride
  5. enlightening
  6. exhaust, run out
Derived terms edit
Derived terms

Proper noun edit

光(こう) • (Kō) ←くわう (kwau)?

  1. a male or female given name

References edit

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese 光 (MC kwang).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 과ᇰ (Yale: kwàng)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 빗〮 (Yale: pís) 과ᇰ (Yale: kwàng)

Pronunciation edit

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

光 (eumhun 빛 광 (bit gwang))

  1. Hanja form? of 광 (“light; shine, lustre”). [noun]
  2. Hanja form? of 광 (“light”). [affix]

Compounds edit

Compounds

References edit

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Okinawan edit

Kanji edit

光

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
光
ふぃちゃい
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Cognate with Japanese 光(ひかり) (hikari).

The stem form of verb 光(ふぃちゃ)ゆん (fichayun, “to shine, gleam”).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

光(ふぃちゃい) (fichai) 

  1. light
  2. lush, polish, sheen
Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
光
ふぃかり
Grade: 2

Borrowed from Japanese 光(ひかり) (hikari).

Doublet of 光 (fichai) above.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

光(ふぃかり) (fikari) 

  1. light
  2. (rare, obsolete) authority, power, influence, honor
Derived terms edit

References edit


Old Japanese edit

Etymology edit

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 光る (pi1karu, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).[1][2]

Noun edit

光 (pi1kari) (kana ひかり)

  1. a light

Quotations edit

For quotations using this term, see Citations:光.

Descendants edit

  • Japanese: 光 (hikari)

References edit

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

光: Hán Nôm readings: quang

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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