Wiktionary

光

See also: 灮
光 U+5149, 光
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5149
← 先
[U+5148] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 兊 →
[U+514A]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

Stroke order
 

光 (radical 10, 儿+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 火一山 (FMU), four-corner 90211, composition ⿱⺌兀)

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 124, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1350
  • Dae Jaweon: page 262, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 266, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5149

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 光
alternative forms
 
㫕
灮
炗
炚
炛
烡
𠈑
𤉭
𤎫
𤐥

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 光
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         
Oracle bone script
 

j23048

 

j23049

 

j23050

 

j23051

 

j23052

 

j23053

 

j23054

 

j23055

 

j23056

 

j23057

 

j23058

 

j23059

 

j23060

 

j23061

 

j23062

Bronze inscriptions
 

b14861

 

b14862

 

b14863

 

b14864

 

b14865

 

b14866

 

b14867

 

b14868

 

b14869

 

b14870

 

b14871

 

b14872

 

b14873

 

b14874

 

b14875

 

b14876

 

b14877

 

b14878

 

b14879

 

b14880

 

b14881

 

b14882

Small seal script
 

s07367

Transcribed ancient scripts
 

L32956

 

L32957

 

L32958

 

L32959

 

L32960

 

L32961

 

L32962

 

L10093

 

L10094

 

L10095

 

L10096

 

L10097

 

L10098

 

L10099

 

L10100

 

L10101

 

L10102

 

L10103

 

L10104

 

L10105

 

L10106

 

L10107

 

L10108

 

L10109

 

L10110

 

L10111

 

L10112

 

L10113

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (光) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
光 *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs
灮 *kʷaːŋ
洸 *kʷaːŋ, *qʷaːŋ
桄 *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs
胱 *kʷaːŋ
垙 *kʷaːŋ
輄 *kʷaːŋ
恍 *kʷaːŋ, *qʰʷaːŋʔ
茪 *kʷaːŋ
侊 *kʷaːŋ, *kʷraːŋ
晃 *ɡʷaːŋʔ
幌 *ɡʷaːŋʔ
榥 *ɡʷaːŋʔ
滉 *ɡʷaːŋʔ
觥 *kʷraːŋ
駫 *kʷeːŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 火 (“fire”) + 卩 (“kneeling person”) – fire over a person's head, emphasizing the shining of light (Shuowen).

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hwaŋ (“shine; bright; yellow”). Cognate with 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “yellow”), 曠 (OC *kʰʷaːŋs, “bright; well-lit”), Burmese ဝင်း (wang:, “bright”).

Pronunciation 1Edit

Note: guǎng - "only".
Note:
  • kng/kuiⁿ - vernacular;
  • kong - literary.
Note:
  • geng1 - vernacular;
  • guang1 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 光
    Mandarin Beijing /kuɑŋ⁵⁵/
    Harbin /kuaŋ⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /kuɑŋ²¹/
    Jinan /kuaŋ²¹³/
    Qingdao /kuaŋ²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /kuaŋ²⁴/
    Xi'an /kuaŋ²¹/ ～頭
    /kuaŋ²⁴/ 副詞
    Xining /kuɔ̃⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /kuɑŋ⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /kuɑ̃³¹/
    Ürümqi /kuɑŋ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /kuaŋ⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /kuaŋ⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /kuaŋ⁵⁵/
    Kunming /kuã̠/
    Nanjing /kuaŋ³¹/
    Hefei /kuɑ̃²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /kuɒ̃¹¹/
    Pingyao /kuɑŋ¹³/
    /kuə¹³/ ～油油
    Hohhot /kuɑ̃³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /kuɑ̃⁵³/
    Suzhou /kuɑ̃⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /kuɑŋ³³/
    Wenzhou /kuɔ³³/
    Hui Shexian /ko³¹/
    Tunxi /kau¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /kuan³³/
    Xiangtan /kɔn³³/
    Gan Nanchang /kuɔŋ⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /kuoŋ⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /koŋ²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /kwɔŋ⁵³/
    Nanning /kɔŋ⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /kwɔŋ⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kɔŋ⁵⁵/
    /kŋ̍⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kuoŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kuaŋ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /kuaŋ³³/
    /kɯŋ³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /kuaŋ²³/
    /kui²³/
    Rime
    Character 光
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 唐 (102)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 古黃切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kwɑŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kʷɑŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kuɑŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kwaŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/kuɑŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/kuɑŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kwɑŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		guāng
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 光
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		guāng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kwang ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kʷˁaŋ/
    English light, brightness

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 光
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 4506
    Phonetic
    component         		光
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kʷaːŋ/
    Notes 灮隸變

    DefinitionsEdit

    光

    1. light; beam; ray (Classifier: 束 m; 道 m)
    2. glory; pride
      台灣之光 / 台湾之光  ―  Táiwān zhī guāng  ―  the pride of Taiwan; someone who has brought glory to Taiwan
    3. bright
      Antonyms: 暗 (àn), 黑 (hēi)
    4. shiny
    5. to make bare; to be naked
      光著腳走路 / 光着脚走路  ―  guāngzhe jiǎo zǒulù  ―  to walk barefoot
      我光著呢。 / 我光着呢。  ―  Wǒ guāngzhe ne.  ―  I'm not decent.
    6. only
    7. Particle used after verbs to show exhaustion or completion. until none is left
      賣光了 / 卖光了  ―  mài guāng le  ―  completely sold out

    SynonymsEdit

    Dialectal synonyms of 亮 (“bright”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 亮
    Mandarin Beijing 亮
    Taiwan 亮
    Jinan 亮
    Xi'an 亮
    Wuhan 亮, 光
    Chengdu 亮
    Yangzhou 亮
    Hefei 亮
    Cantonese Guangzhou 光
    Hong Kong 光
    Yangjiang 光
    Hakka Meixian 光
    Jin Taiyuan 亮
    Min Bei Jian'ou 光
    Min Dong Fuzhou 光
    Min Nan Xiamen 光
    Penang (Hokkien) 光
    Philippines (Manila Hokkien) 光
    Chaozhou 光
    Wu Suzhou 亮
    Wenzhou 光
    Xiang Changsha 亮, 光
    Shuangfeng 亮, 光

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 光

    DescendantsEdit

    Sino-Xenic (光):
    • → Japanese: 光(こう) (kō)
    • → Korean: 광 (光, gwang)
    • → Vietnamese: quang (光)

    Pronunciation 2Edit

    Rime
    Character 光
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 唐 (102)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 古曠切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kwɑŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kʷɑŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kuɑŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kwaŋH/
    Li
    Rong         		/kuɑŋH/
    Wang
    Li         		/kuɑŋH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kwɑŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		guàng
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 光
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 4517
    Phonetic
    component         		光
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		桄
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kʷaːŋs/

    DefinitionsEdit

    光

    1. ‡ to color

    Further readingEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    光

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    光
    ひかり
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi
     
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
     
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia

    ⟨pi1kari⟩ → */pʲikari/ → /ɸikari/ → /hikari/

    From Old Japanese.

    Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 光る (hikaru, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).[1][2]

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    光(ひかり) • (hikari) 

    1. a physically perceived light:
      1. a light, beam, illumination
      2. a gleam, glow, ray
      3. a glimmer, shine, sparkle
        ダイヤモンドの光(ひかり)
        daiyamondo no hikari
        a diamond's glitter / shine / twinkling
      4. a luster/lustre, polish, sheen
    2. a metaphorical light:
      1. glory, influence, power
      2. a glimmer, gleam
        前途(ぜんと)に光(ひかり)を失(うしな)う
        zento ni hikari o ushinau
        to lose light regarding the future → future prospects grow dim
        解決(かいけつ)への道(みち)に光(ひかり)を投(な)げかける
        kaiketsu e no michi ni hikari o nagekakeru
        to shed light on the way to a solution
      3. a displaying, putting on airs
      4. a vision, eyesight
    3. (optics) relating to light or vision: optical, photo-
      光(ひかり)ファイバー
      hikari faibā
      optical fiber
    4. (colloquial) Short for 光り物 (hikarimono): sashimi with some of the silver-colored skin left

    CitationsEdit

    For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:光.

    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    IdiomsEdit

    DescendantsEdit

    • → Okinawan: 光 (fikari)

    Proper nounEdit

    光(ひかり) • (Hikari) 

    1. a placename, such as that of a city in Yamaguchi Prefecture
    2. one of the bullet train services running on the 東海道 (Tōkaido) or 山陽 (San'yō) shinkansen
    3. a surname
    4. a female given name

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    光
    ひか(る)
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    Nominalization of the verb 光る (hikaru, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).

    PronunciationEdit

    • (Irregular reading)

    Proper nounEdit

    光(ひかる) • (Hikaru) 

    1. a male given name

    Etymology 3Edit

    Kanji in this term
    光
    こう
    Grade: 2
    on’yomi

    /kʷau/ → /kʷɔː/ → /kɔː/ → /koː/

    From Middle Chinese 光 (MC kwɑŋ).

    Compare modern Mandarin 光 (guāng), Hakka 光 (kông), and Min Nan 光 (kong).

    PronunciationEdit

    AffixEdit

    光(こう) • (kō)  (historical kana くわう)

    1. light, gleam, shine
    2. gleaming, shining
    3. scenery
    4. glory, honor/honour, pride
    5. enlightening
    6. exhaust, run out
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    Proper nounEdit

    光(こう) • (Kō)  (historical kana くわう)

    1. a male or female given name

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    光 (eumhun 빛 광 (bit gwang))

    1. light

    OkinawanEdit

    KanjiEdit

    光

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    光
    ふぃちゃい
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    Cognate with Japanese 光 (hikari).

    The stem form of verb 光ゆん (fichayun, “to shine, gleam”).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    光 (hiragana ふぃちゃい, rōmaji fichai)

    1. light
    2. lush, polish, sheen
    Derived termsEdit

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    光
    ふぃかり
    Grade: 2

    Borrowed from Japanese 光 (hikari).

    Doublet of 光 (fichai) above.

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    光 (hiragana ふぃかり, rōmaji fikari)

    1. light
    2. (rare, obsolete) authority, power, influence, honor

    Derived termsEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ^ “フィチャイ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary.
    2. ^ “フィカリ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary.

    Old JapaneseEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 光る (pi1karu, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).[1][2]

    NounEdit

    光 (pi1kari) (kana ひかり)

    1. a light

    CitationsEdit

    For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:光.

    DescendantsEdit

    • Japanese: 光 (hikari)

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    2. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    光 (quang)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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