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光

光 U+5149, 光
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5149
← 先
[U+5148]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 兊 →
[U+514A]
See also: 灮

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

光 (radical 10 儿+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 火一山 (FMU), four-corner 90211, composition ⿱⺌兀)

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 124, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1350
  • Dae Jaweon: page 262, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 266, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5149

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 光
alt. forms
 
㫕
灮
炗
炚
炛
烡
𠈑
𤉭
𤎫
𤐥

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 光
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
         
Oracle bone script
 

j23048
 

j23049
 

j23050
 

j23051
 

j23052
 

j23053
 

j23054
 

j23055
 

j23056
 

j23057
 

j23058
 

j23059
 

j23060
 

j23061
 

j23062
Bronze inscriptions
 

b14861
 

b14862
 

b14863
 

b14864
 

b14865
 

b14866
 

b14867
 

b14868
 

b14869
 

b14870
 

b14871
 

b14872
 

b14873
 

b14874
 

b14875
 

b14876
 

b14877
 

b14878
 

b14879
 

b14880
 

b14881
 

b14882
Large seal script
 

L32956
 

L32957
 

L32958
 

L32959
 

L32960
 

L32961
 

L32962
 

L10093
 

L10094
 

L10095
 

L10096
 

L10097
 

L10098
 

L10099
 

L10100
 

L10101
 

L10102
 

L10103
 

L10104
 

L10105
 

L10106
 

L10107
 

L10108
 

L10109
 

L10110
 

L10111
 

L10112
 

L10113
Small seal script
 

s07367
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (large seal) and
  • Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (光) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
光 *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs
灮 *kʷaːŋ
洸 *kʷaːŋ, *qʷaːŋ
桄 *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs
胱 *kʷaːŋ
垙 *kʷaːŋ
輄 *kʷaːŋ
恍 *kʷaːŋ, *qʰʷaːŋʔ
茪 *kʷaːŋ
侊 *kʷaːŋ, *kʷraːŋ
晃 *ɡʷaːŋʔ
幌 *ɡʷaːŋʔ
榥 *ɡʷaːŋʔ
滉 *ɡʷaːŋʔ
觥 *kʷraːŋ
駫 *kʷeːŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 火 (“fire”) + 卩 (“kneeling person”) – fire over a person's head, emphasizing the shining of light (Shuowen).

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • kng/kuiⁿ - vernacular;
  • kong - literary.
Note:
  • geng1 - vernacular;
  • guang1 - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 光
Mandarin Beijing /kuɑŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /kuaŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /kuɑŋ²¹/
Jinan /kuaŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /kuaŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /kuaŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /kuaŋ²¹/ ～頭
/kuaŋ²⁴/ 副詞
Xining /kuɔ̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kuɑŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /kuɑ̃³¹/
Ürümqi /kuɑŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /kuaŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /kuaŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /kuaŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /kuã̠/
Nanjing /kuaŋ³¹/
Hefei /kuɑ̃²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /kuɒ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /kuɑŋ¹³/
/kuə¹³/ ～油油
Hohhot /kuɑ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /kuɑ̃⁵³/
Suzhou /kuɑ̃⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /kuɑŋ³³/
Wenzhou /kuɔ³³/
Hui Shexian /ko³¹/
Tunxi /kau¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /kaun³³/
Xiangtan /kɔn³³/
Gan Nanchang /kuɔŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /kuoŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /koŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kwɔŋ⁵³/
Nanning /kɔŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kwɔŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kɔŋ⁵⁵/
/kŋ̍⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kuoŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kuaŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kuaŋ³³/
/kɯŋ³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /kuaŋ²³/
/kui²³/
Rime
Character 光 光
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 唐 (102) 唐 (102)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 古黃切 古曠切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kwɑŋ/ /kwɑŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʷɑŋ/ /kʷɑŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kuɑŋ/ /kuɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kwaŋ/ /kwaŋH/
Li
Rong		 /kuɑŋ/ /kuɑŋH/
Wang
Li		 /kuɑŋ/ /kuɑŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kwɑŋ/ /kwɑŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 guāng guàng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 光
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 guāng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kwang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kʷˤaŋ/
English light, brightness

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 光 光
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 4506 4517
Phonetic
component		 光 光
Rime
group		 陽 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 桄
Old
Chinese		 /*kʷaːŋ/ /*kʷaːŋs/
Notes 灮隸變

DefinitionsEdit

光

  1. light; beam; ray (Classifier: 束 m; 道 m)
  2. only
  3. to make bare
  4. shiny
  5. Particle used after verbs to show exhaustion or completion. until none is left
    賣光了 / 卖光了  ―  mài guāng le  ―  completely sold out
  6. bright
    Antonyms: 暗 (àn)

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 光

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

光

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
光
ひかり
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
Kanji in this term
光
ひか(り)
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 光る (hikaru, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).[1][2]

PronunciationEdit

Alternative formsEdit

NounEdit

光 (hiragana ひかり, rōmaji hikari)

  1. a physically perceived light: a light, a gleam, shining, glittering
    ダイヤモンドの光 (ひかり)
    daiyamondo no hikari
    a diamond's glitter / shine / twinkling
  2. a metaphorical light: glory, a glimmer, a gleam
    前途 (ぜんと)に光 (ひかり)を失 (うしな)う
    zento ni hikari o ushinau
    to lose light regarding the future → future prospects grow dim
    解決 (かいけつ)への道 (みち)に光 (ひかり)を投 (な)げかける
    kaiketsu e no michi ni hikari o nagekakeru
    to shed light on the way to a solution
  3. (in compounds) optics
    光 (ひかり)ファイバー
    hikari faibā
    optical fiber

Proper nounEdit

光 (hiragana ひかり, rōmaji Hikari)

  1. a place name, such as that of Hikari City in Yamaguchi Prefecture
  2. one of the bullet train services running on the Tōkaido/Sanyō shinkansen
  3. A surname​.
  4. A female given name

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
光
ひかる
Grade: 2
Irregular

Nominalization of the verb 光る (hikaru, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).

PronunciationEdit

  • (Irregular reading)

Proper nounEdit

光 (hiragana ひかる, rōmaji Hikaru)

  1. A male given name

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
光
こう
Grade: 2
on'yomi

/kwau/ → /kwɔː/ → /kɔː/ → /koː/

From Middle Chinese 光 (kwang, “light, brightness”). Compare modern Mandarin guāng and Hakka kông, Min Nan kong.

PronunciationEdit

Proper nounEdit

光 (hiragana こう, rōmaji Kō, historical hiragana くわう)

  1. A male given name

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  3. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

光 • (gwang) (hangeul 광)

  1. light

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

光 (quang, cuông, quàng, quăng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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