光
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TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
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光 (Kangxi radical 10, 儿+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 火一山 (FMU), four-corner 90211, composition ⿱⺌兀)
Derived charactersEdit
- 侊, 𢓥, 垙, 挄, 咣, 洸, 恍, 姯, 㹰, 𨒺, 珖, 桄, 𤈛, 晄, 𥙑, 胱, 㿠, 𥆄, 硄, 絖, 𦨻, 𧧯, 𧵦, 輄(𨐈), 𨠵, 觥, 靗, 銧, 𩊠, 皝, 駫, 䯑
- 𣆥, 𠒦, 𠒥, 𠒬, 尡, 䆪, 韑, 𤾗, 輝(辉), 𠓇, 𪀯, 𠓁, 𦒉, 𠓅, 黋, 㒯, 𠓐, 耀, 兤, 𠓑, 𧹍
- 𣆤, 茪, 晃, 䨔, 𢩊, 𤶏, 㘢, 𡾡
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 124, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1350
- Dae Jaweon: page 262, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 266, character 7
- Unihan data for U+5149
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
光 | |
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| alternative forms | ||
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 光 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Ideogrammic compound (會意): 火 (“fire”) + 卩 (“kneeling person”) – fire over a person's head, emphasizing the shining of light (Shuowen).
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hwaŋ (“shine; bright; yellow”). Cognate with 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “yellow”), 曠 (OC *kʰʷaːŋs, “bright; well-lit”), Burmese ဝင်း (wang:, “bright”).
Pronunciation 1Edit
DefinitionsEdit
光
- light; beam; ray (Classifier: 束 m; 道 m)
- glory; pride
- bright
- time
- shiny; smooth
- scenery; sight
- to make bare; to be naked
- only
- Particle used after verbs to show exhaustion or completion; until none is left
- Used in polite expressions.
- a surname
SynonymsEdit
- (light):
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 光 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 光 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 光, 亮兒 † |
| Taiwan | 光 | |
| Jinan | 光, 亮兒 † | |
| Xi'an | 光, 亮 † | |
| Wuhan | 光 | |
| Chengdu | 光 | |
| Guilin | 光 | |
| Yangzhou | 光 | |
| Hefei | 光 | |
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 光 | |
| Dagudi (Maliba) | 光 | |
| Reshuitang (Longling) | 光 | |
| Mae Salong (Lancang) | 光 | |
| Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 光 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 光 |
| Hong Kong | 光 | |
| Yangjiang | 光 | |
| Beihai | 光 | |
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 光 | |
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 光, 亮 | |
| Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 光 | |
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 光 | |
| Móng Cái | 光 | |
| Bangkok (Guangfu) | 光 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 光 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 光, 亮 |
| Shanghang | 光 | |
| Bangkok (Jiexi) | 光 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 光, 亮 † |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 光 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 光 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 光 |
| Chaozhou | 光 | |
| Shantou | 光 | |
| Jieyang | 光 | |
| Bangkok (Teochew) | 光 | |
| Chiang Mai (Teochew) | 光 | |
| Hat Yai (Teochew) | 光 | |
| Pontianak (Teochew) | 光 | |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 光 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 光 |
| Wenzhou | 光 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 亮, 光 |
| Xiangxiang | 光 | |
| Shuangfeng | 光 | |
| Note | † - beam or lamplight | |
- (bright):
AntonymsEdit
CompoundsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Pronunciation 2Edit
DefinitionsEdit
光
- ‡ to color
ReferencesEdit
- “光”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #2065”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←くわう (kwau, historical)
- Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←くわう (kwau, historical)
- Kun: ひかり (hikari, 光, Jōyō); ひかる (hikaru, 光る, Jōyō)
- Nanori: あき (aki); あきら (akira); てる (teru); ひこ (hiko); み (mi); みつ (mitsu)
CompoundsEdit
- 竹光 (takemitsu)
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 光 |
| ひかり Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
⟨pi1kari⟩ → */pʲikari/ → /ɸikari/ → /hikari/
From Old Japanese.
Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 光る (hikaru, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).[1][2]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- a physically perceived light:
- a metaphorical light:
- glory, influence, power
- a glimmer, gleam
- 前途に光を失う
- zento ni hikari o ushinau
- to lose light regarding the future → future prospects grow dim
- 解決への道に光を投げかける
- kaiketsu e no michi ni hikari o nagekakeru
- to shed light on the way to a solution
- 前途に光を失う
- positive aspect
- インターネット時代の光
- intānetto jidai no hikari
- the positive aspect of the internet age
- インターネット時代の光
- a displaying, putting on airs
- a vision, eyesight
- (optics) relating to light or vision: optical, photo-
- 光ファイバー
- hikari faibā
- optical fiber
- 光ファイバー
- (colloquial) Short for 光り物 (hikarimono): sashimi with some of the silver-colored skin left
QuotationsEdit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:光.
SynonymsEdit
AntonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
- ぴかぴか (pikapika)
- ぴかり (pikari, “glitteringly, sparklingly”)
- 光カード (hikari kādo, “optical card”)
- 光コンピュータ (hikari konpyūta, “optical computer”)
- 光ディスク (hikari disuku, “optical disc”)
- 光通信 (hikari tsūshin, “optical communication”)
- 光通信ケーブル (hikari tsūshin kēburu, “optical communication cable, fiberoptic cable”)
- 光ファイバー (hikari faibā, “optical fiber”)
- 光伝道度 (hikari dendōdo, “photoconductivity”)
- 光分解 (hikari bunkai, “optical degradation, photodegradation”)
- 稲光 (inabikari)
- 死に光 (shinibikari)
- 七光 (nanahikari)
- 蛍の光 (Hotaru no Hikari)
IdiomEdit
- 蛍の光窓の雪 (hotaru no hikari mado no yuki, “firefly's dim light, snow reflected on the window → diligent study”)
DescendantsEdit
- → Okinawan: 光 (fikari)
Proper nounEdit
- a placename, such as that of a city in Yamaguchi Prefecture
- one of the bullet train services running on the 東海道 (Tōkaido) or 山陽 (San'yō) shinkansen
- a surname
- a female given name
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 光 |
| ひか(る) Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
Nominalization of the verb 光る (hikaru, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).
PronunciationEdit
Proper nounEdit
- a male given name
- a female given name
Etymology 3Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 光 |
| こう Grade: 2 |
| on’yomi |
/kʷau/ → /kʷɔː/ → /kɔː/ → /koː/
From Middle Chinese 光 (MC kwɑŋ).
Compare modern Mandarin 光 (guāng), Hakka 光 (kông), and Min Nan 光 (kong).
PronunciationEdit
AffixEdit
- light, gleam, shine
- gleaming, shining
- scenery
- glory, honor/honour, pride
- enlightening
- exhaust, run out
Derived termsEdit
Proper nounEdit
- a male or female given name
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 光 (MC kwɑŋ).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 과ᇰ (Yale: kwàng) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | 빗〮 (Yale: pís) | 과ᇰ (Yale: kwàng) |
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kwa̠ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [광]
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
- 관광 (觀光, gwan'gwang)
- 광명 (光明, gwangmyeong)
- 광선 (光線, gwangseon)
- 광속 (光速, gwangsok)
- 광택 (光澤, gwangtaek)
- 광학 (光學, gwanghak)
- 광합성 (光合成, gwanghapseong)
- 광휘 (光輝, gwanghwi)
- 발광 (發光, balgwang)
- 섬광 (閃光, seomgwang)
- 야광 (夜光, yagwang)
- 영광 (榮光, yeonggwang)
- 일광 (日光, ilgwang)
- 전광석화 (電光石火, jeon'gwangseokhwa)
- 형광 (螢光, hyeonggwang)
- 후광 (後光, hugwang)
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]
OkinawanEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
CompoundsEdit
- 夜光貝 (yakugē)
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 光 |
| ふぃちゃい Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
Cognate with Japanese 光 (hikari).
The stem form of verb 光ゆん (fichayun, “to shine, gleam”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
光 (hiragana ふぃちゃい, rōmaji fichai)
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 光 |
| ふぃかり Grade: 2 |
Borrowed from Japanese 光 (hikari).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
光 (hiragana ふぃかり, rōmaji fikari)
Derived termsEdit
- う光 (ufikari)
ReferencesEdit
Old JapaneseEdit
EtymologyEdit
Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 光る (pi1karu, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).[1][2]
NounEdit
光 (pi1kari) (kana ひかり)
- a light
QuotationsEdit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:光.
DescendantsEdit
- Japanese: 光 (hikari)
ReferencesEdit
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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