工
See also: エ [U+30A8 KATAKANA LETTER E], ㆲ [U+31B2 BOPOMOFO LETTER ONG], and Appendix:Variations of "i"
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TranslingualEdit
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Han characterEdit
工 (Kangxi radical 48, 工+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一中一 (MLM), four-corner 10100, composition ⿱一丄 or ⿱丅一)
- Kangxi radical #48, ⼯.
Derived charactersEdit
- Appendix:Chinese radical/工
- 仜, 冮, 叿, 𡉎, 妅, 屸, 𢓁, 𢖷, 扛, 江, 𨸖, 𪰆, 杠, 𬇔, 灴, 玒, 肛, 𬒬, 𥃽, 矼, 𧘍, 䉺, 紅(红), 缸, 羾, 𦔸, 舡, 虹, 𧢸, 訌(讧), 䜫, 豇, 䞑, 𨊧, 釭(𮣲), 𬛀, 䪦, 䫹, 𮨷, 魟(𫚉), 𩾬, 㠮
- 𠃖, 㓛, 㓚, 功, 卭, 㣉, 邛, 攻, 𣢈, 瓨, 𦏼, 𧈬, 𨾊, 項(项), 䲨(𬷾), 𭄟, 𡉐, 𢖶, 汞, 𭴃, 𥁁, 𬎥, 𦏺, 𧈫, 貢(贡), 𫔙, 𣒳, 𭘎, 仝, 㒰, 𡧇, 𡰱, 㞬, 𭠀, 𭥐, 杢, 巠, 𦒳, 𥃿, 𫀧, 空, 笁, 𬛸, 𠱯, 匞, 式, 疘, 𢒄, 𬮚, 𡆬, 噐, 𤔌
- 𠵋, 𡥴, 𦁻, 𠽇, 𡐘, 𢝘, 揑, 湼, 䛼, 毁, 恐, 𦅛, 滘, 壽, 尋, 㝷
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 325, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8714
- Dae Jaweon: page 626, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 410, character 6
- Unihan data for U+5DE5
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
工 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | ||
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 工 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 缸 | *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ |
| 篢 | *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ |
| 贑 | *kluːmʔ |
| 涳 | *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 江 | *kroːŋ |
| 肛 | *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ |
| 扛 | *kroːŋ |
| 杠 | *kroːŋ |
| 豇 | *kroːŋ |
| 茳 | *kroːŋ |
| 釭 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 矼 | *kroːŋ |
| 玒 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ |
| 虹 | *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ |
| 腔 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 崆 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 羫 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 控 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 椌 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 悾 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 跫 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ |
| 啌 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 谾 | *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ |
| 舡 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 缻 | *ɡroːŋ |
| 項 | *ɡroːŋʔ |
| 屸 | *ɡ·roːŋ |
| 功 | *koːŋ |
| 工 | *koːŋ |
| 疘 | *koːŋ |
| 魟 | *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ |
| 攻 | *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 愩 | *koːŋ |
| 碽 | *koːŋ |
| 貢 | *koːŋs |
| 羾 | *koːŋs |
| 空 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 箜 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 硿 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 埪 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 鵼 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 倥 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 鞚 | *kʰoːŋs |
| 叿 | *qʰoːŋ |
| 嗊 | *qʰoːŋʔ |
| 訌 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 紅 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 仜 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 葒 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 渱 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 鴻 | *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 汞 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 澒 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 鞏 | *koŋʔ |
| 巩 | *koŋʔ |
| 銎 | *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ |
| 恐 | *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs |
| 蛩 | *ɡoŋ |
| 筇 | *ɡoŋ |
| 桏 | *ɡoŋ |
| 邛 | *ɡoŋ |
Pictogram (象形) – a bladed tool.
Etymology 1Edit
An area word; compare Burmese ခိုင်း (hkuing:, “to order or ask someone to do something”), Old Mon kloñ (kloɲ, “to work”), Old Mon klon (klon, “to have charge of cultivation”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Cognate with 功 (OC *koːŋ, “merit; achievement”), 攻 (OC *koːŋ, *kuːŋ, “to attack”). The senses evolved in the following manner: 工 (“work artisan”) > 功 (“merit; achievement”) > 攻 (“to attack”) (ibid.).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
工
- labour; work (Classifier: 份 c)
- (regional or dialectal, including Southeast Asia) work; job; profession (Classifier: 份 c)
- (Min Bei, Min Dong, Min Nan) working day; daytime; a day (24 hours)
- worker; laborer
- man-day
- construction
- industry
- 化工 ― huàgōng ― chemical industry
- engineer
- skill; technique
- to be good at; to be skilled in
- delicate; exquisite; fine
- 工巧 ― gōngqiǎo ― delicate; exquisite
SynonymsEdit
- (time period):
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 職, 業 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 職業, 工作 | |
| Mandarin | Taiwan | 工作 |
| Singapore | 工, 工作 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 工 |
| Hong Kong | 工 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 工 | |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 頭路 |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 頭路 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 頭路 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 頭路 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 頭路 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 頭路 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 頭路, 工課, 穡路 |
| Quanzhou | 頭路, 工課, 穡路 | |
| Jinjiang | 頭路 | |
| Zhangzhou | 頭路, 工課, 穡路 | |
| Taipei | 頭路 | |
| New Taipei (Sanxia) | 頭路, 職業 | |
| Kaohsiung | 工課, 頭路, 穡頭, 職業 | |
| Yilan | 工課, 頭路, 職業 | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 工課, 頭路, 職業 | |
| Taichung | 頭路, 工課, 穡頭 | |
| Tainan | 工課, 頭路, 穡頭, 職業 | |
| Hsinchu | 頭路, 工課 | |
| Kinmen | 頭路, 工課 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 工課 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 工課, 工 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 工, 頭路, 工課 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 頭路 | |
| Jieyang | 工課 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 工, 工課 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 工 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 工作, 生活, 生意, 行當, 飯碗 figuratively, 飯碗頭 figuratively |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 生活, 營生 | |
| Suzhou | 行當 | |
| Danyang | 生活 | |
| Ningbo | 生活, 行當 | |
| Wenzhou | 行當 | |
| Jinhua | 行當, 事幹, 生活 | |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) | |
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 工
Etymology 2Edit
| simp. and trad. |
工 | |
|---|---|---|
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
工
- (music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note mi (3).
- (music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note mi (3).
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “工”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
工
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: く (ku, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
- Kun: たくみ (takumi, 工); たくむ (takumu, 工む); つかさ (tsukasa, 工); わざ (waza, 工)
CompoundsEdit
- 陶工 (tōkō)
EtymologyEdit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 工 |
| たくみ Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 工 – see the following entry. | ||
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| (This term, 工, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 工 (MC kuŋ).
| Historical readings |
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PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ko̞ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [공]
HanjaEdit
工 (eumhun 장인 공 (jang'in gong))
CompoundsEdit
Compounds
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
工: Hán Nôm readings: công, cong, côông, gồng, trong, cung
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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