手を上げる

Japanese edit

Phrase composed of 手 (te, “hand, hands”) + を (o, object particle) + 上げる (ageru, “to raise something”).^[1]^[2]

手(て)を上(あ)げる • (te o ageru) intransitive ichidan (stem 手(て)を上(あ)げ (te o age), past 手(て)を上(あ)げた (te o ageta))

to raise one's hand or hands
1. to raise one's hands in supplication or surrender: to give up, to quit, to surrender
2. to strike someone, or to threaten to do so: to raise one's fist, to raise one's hand against someone
3. (idiomatic) to improve, to raise one's level of skill or competence
4. to return one's hands to normal posture, after prostrating oneself (such as in deep apology or supplication)

Conjugation of "手を上げる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	手を上げ	てをあげ	te o age
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	手を上げ	てをあげ	te o age
Shūshikei ("terminal")	手を上げる	てをあげる	te o ageru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	手を上げる	てをあげる	te o ageru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	手を上げれ	てをあげれ	te o agere
Meireikei ("imperative")	手を上げよ¹ 手を上げろ²	てをあげよ¹ てをあげろ²	te o ageyo¹ te o agero²
Key constructions
Passive	手を上げられる	てをあげられる	te o agerareru
Causative	手を上げさせる手を上げさす	てをあげさせるてをあげさす	te o agesaseru te o agesasu
Potential	手を上げられる手を上げれる³	てをあげられるてをあげれる³	te o agerareru te o agereru³
Volitional	手を上げよう	てをあげよう	te o ageyō
Negative	手を上げない手を上げぬ手を上げん	てをあげないてをあげぬてをあげん	te o agenai te o agenu te o agen
Negative continuative	手を上げず	てをあげず	te o agezu
Formal	手を上げます	てをあげます	te o agemasu
Perfective	手を上げた	てをあげた	te o ageta
Conjunctive	手を上げて	てをあげて	te o agete
Hypothetical conditional	手を上げれば	てをあげれば	te o agereba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN